Choroidal Volume Variations with Age, Axial Length, and Sex in Healthy Subjects: A Three-Dimensional Analysis

To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length. Retrospective case series. A total of 176 eyes from 114 subject...

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Published inOphthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) Vol. 119; no. 12; pp. 2572 - 2578
Main Authors Barteselli, Giulio, Chhablani, Jay, El-Emam, Sharif, Wang, Haiyan, Chuang, Janne, Kozak, Igor, Cheng, Lingyun, Bartsch, Dirk-Uwe, Freeman, William R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.12.2012
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0161-6420
1549-4713
1549-4713
DOI10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.065

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Abstract To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length. Retrospective case series. A total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease. The EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length. Three-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid. Three-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228±0.077 mm3 for the center ring and 7.374±2.181 mm3 for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age (P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm3 (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm3 (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects. Enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
AbstractList To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length.PURPOSETo demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length.Retrospective case series.DESIGNRetrospective case series.A total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease.PARTICIPANTSA total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease.The EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length.METHODSThe EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length.Three-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThree-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid.Three-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228 ± 0.077 mm(3) for the center ring and 7.374 ± 2.181 mm(3) for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age (P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm(3) (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm(3) (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects.RESULTSThree-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228 ± 0.077 mm(3) for the center ring and 7.374 ± 2.181 mm(3) for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age (P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm(3) (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm(3) (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects.Enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid.The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Purpose To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length. Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease. Methods The EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length. Main Outcome Measures Three-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid. Results Three-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228±0.077 mm3 for the center ring and 7.374±2.181 mm3 for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age ( P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length ( P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length ( P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm3 (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm3 (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects. Conclusions Enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length. Retrospective case series. A total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease. The EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length. Three-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid. Three-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228±0.077 mm3 for the center ring and 7.374±2.181 mm3 for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age (P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm3 (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm3 (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects. Enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with age, sex, and axial length. Retrospective case series. A total of 176 eyes from 114 subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease. The EDI SD-OCT imaging studies of healthy patients who had undergone a 31-raster scanning protocol on a commercial SD-OCT device were reviewed. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed by 2 retinal specialists. A macular choroidal volume map and 3-dimensional topography were automatically created by the built-in software of the device. Mean choroidal volume was calculated for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between macular choroidal volume and age, sex, and axial length. Three-dimensional topography and ETDRS-style volume map of the choroid. Three-dimensional topography of the choroid and volume map was obtained in all cases. The mean choroidal volume was 0.228 ± 0.077 mm(3) for the center ring and 7.374 ± 2.181 mm(3) for the total ETDRS grid. The nasal quadrant showed the lowest choroidal volume, and the superior quadrant showed the highest choroidal volume. The temporal and inferior quadrants did not show different choroidal volume values. Choroidal volume in all the EDTRS rings was significantly correlated with axial length after adjustment for age (P < 0.0001), age after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.0001), and sex after adjustment for axial length (P < 0.05). Choroidal volume decreases by 0.54 mm(3) (7.32%) for every decade and by 0.56 mm(3) (7.59%) for every millimeter of axial length. Male subjects have a 7.37% greater choroidal volume compared with that of female subjects. Enhanced depth imaging SD-OCT is a noninvasive and well-tolerated procedure with an excellent ability to visualize 3-dimensional topography of the choroid and to measure choroidal volume at the posterior pole using manual segmentation. Age and axial length are inversely correlated with choroidal volume, most likely leading to changes in retinal metabolic support in elderly, highly myopic patients. Sexual differences should be considered when interpreting an EDI SD-OCT scan of the choroid. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Author Barteselli, Giulio
Wang, Haiyan
Cheng, Lingyun
Bartsch, Dirk-Uwe
Chhablani, Jay
Freeman, William R.
Kozak, Igor
El-Emam, Sharif
Chuang, Janne
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921388$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology
American Academy of Ophthalmology
2014 INIST-CNRS
Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2012
Copyright_xml – notice: 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology
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Issue 12
Keywords Healthy subject
Volume
Analysis
Sex
Variations
Choroid
Ophthalmology
Age
Language English
License https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0
CC BY 4.0
Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Snippet To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence...
Purpose To demonstrate the 3-dimensional choroidal volume distribution in healthy subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
pascalfrancis
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
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Index Database
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Publisher
StartPage 2572
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging - physiology
Axial Length, Eye - anatomy & histology
Biological and medical sciences
Biometry
Choroid - anatomy & histology
Female
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Ophthalmology
Organ Size
Retrospective Studies
Sex Factors
Tomography, Optical Coherence
Visual Acuity - physiology
Young Adult
Title Choroidal Volume Variations with Age, Axial Length, and Sex in Healthy Subjects: A Three-Dimensional Analysis
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.065
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921388
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1222232082
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3514583
Volume 119
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