Sagebrush carrying out hydraulic lift enhances surface soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake into inflorescences
Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) o...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 110; no. 47; pp. 18988 - 18993 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Washington, DC
National Academy of Sciences
19.11.2013
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES National Acad Sciences |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer’s end, application of a gas-based ¹⁵N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants’ inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. |
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AbstractList | Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer's end, application of a gasbased 15N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants' inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer’s end, application of a gas-based ¹⁵N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants’ inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer's end, application of a gas-based 15N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants' inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer's end, application of a gas-based (15)N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants' inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer’s end, application of a gas-based 15 N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants’ inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer's end, application of a gas-based 15N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants' inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Herron, Patrick M. Rasmussen, Jed A. Stark, John M. Cardon, Zoe G. |
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DocumentTitleAlternate | Plant N uptake, soil N cycling, and hydraulic lift |
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Keywords | Seed production Fodder shrub Inflorescence Hydraulic conductivity Compositae Nitrogen Nutrient uptake Artemisia tridentata Rhizosphere Soils Nitrogen cycle Water regime Steppe Dicotyledones Angiospermae Flowering Spermatophyta seed production flowering rhizosphere |
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Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311314110 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Author contributions: Z.G.C., J.M.S., and P.M.H. designed research; Z.G.C., J.M.S., P.M.H., and J.A.R. performed research; Z.G.C., J.M.S., and J.A.R. analyzed data; and Z.G.C. and J.M.S. wrote the paper. 3Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Edited by James M. Tiedje, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, and approved October 8, 2013 (received for review July 5, 2013) 2Present address: Mystic River Watershed Association, Arlington, MA 02476. |
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References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_3_30_2 doi: 10.2307/3897689 – ident: e_1_3_3_32_2 doi: 10.2307/2424978 – ident: e_1_3_3_8_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508785102 – ident: e_1_3_3_13_2 doi: 10.1007/s00442-004-1621-4 – ident: e_1_3_3_25_2 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110207 – ident: e_1_3_3_29_2 doi: 10.2307/1940079 – ident: e_1_3_3_12_2 doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1078-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_6_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03245.x – ident: e_1_3_3_2_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04088.x – ident: e_1_3_3_9_2 doi: 10.1029/2007WR006149 – ident: e_1_3_3_20_2 doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00067-9 – ident: e_1_3_3_27_2 doi: 10.1093/jxb/47.8.1045 – ident: e_1_3_3_5_2 doi: 10.1007/BF00317442 – ident: e_1_3_3_26_2 doi: 10.2136/vzj2006.0068 – ident: e_1_3_3_10_2 doi: 10.1007/s004420050363 – ident: e_1_3_3_22_2 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1224-9_15 – ident: e_1_3_3_23_2 doi: 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060033x – ident: e_1_3_3_33_2 doi: 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90067-X – ident: e_1_3_3_16_2 doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9567-7 – ident: e_1_3_3_7_2 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0757:RSMRTD]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_3_3_1_2 doi: 10.1007/BF00379405 – start-page: 195 volume-title: Radical Biology: Advances and Perspectives in the Function of Plant Roots year: 1997 ident: e_1_3_3_17_2 contributor: fullname: Dawson TE – ident: e_1_3_3_35_2 doi: 10.1029/2007JG000644 – ident: e_1_3_3_21_2 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.010 – ident: e_1_3_3_18_2 doi: 10.1071/FP12070 – ident: e_1_3_3_28_2 doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x – ident: e_1_3_3_34_2 doi: 10.1007/s004420100794 – ident: e_1_3_3_4_2 doi: 10.1007/BF00378231 – ident: e_1_3_3_31_2 doi: 10.2307/2426373 – ident: e_1_3_3_11_2 doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01328-7 – ident: e_1_3_3_24_2 doi: 10.1042/BST0390279 – ident: e_1_3_3_36_2 doi: 10.1029/2010WR009601 – ident: e_1_3_3_15_2 doi: 10.1007/s10533-009-9339-3 – ident: e_1_3_3_19_2 doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-2065-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_3_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04039.x – volume: 31 start-page: 177 year: 2008 ident: e_1_3_3_14_2 article-title: Importance of internal hydraulic redistribution for prolonging the lifespan of roots in dry soil publication-title: Plant Cell Environ doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01749.x contributor: fullname: Bauerle TL |
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Snippet | Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root... |
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SubjectTerms | Analysis of Variance Artemisia - metabolism Artemisia - physiology Biological and medical sciences Biological Sciences Biological Transport - physiology Flowers - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hydraulics Inflorescences Isotopes Moisture Nitrogen Nitrogen Cycle - physiology Nitrogen Isotopes - pharmacokinetics Plant growth Plant physiology and development Plant roots Plants Soil - chemistry Soil depth Soil ecology Soil hydraulic properties Soil microorganisms Soil water Soil water content Utah Water - metabolism |
Title | Sagebrush carrying out hydraulic lift enhances surface soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake into inflorescences |
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