Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats
Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional...
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| Published in | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 12; no. 6; p. 842 |
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| Abstract | Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms
(MyHC-I),
(MyHC-IIa),
(MyHC-IIb) and
(MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in
expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in
expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms
(MyHC-I),
(MyHC-IIa),
(MyHC-IIb) and
(MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in
expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in
expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles. The muscles of mastication, providing the forces allowing us to chew our food properly, may be influenced by what we eat as well as growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of different molecules that contain the instructions to make the proteins necessary for the muscle fibres, as well as the size of the muscle fibres during growth. In order to do this, we used rats that were evaluated at two different ages corresponding to youth and to young adulthood. The size of the muscle fibres increased with age, as well as the type of proteins made, which favoured muscle fibres of the fast-twitch type with a high fatiguability. These types of fibres are built for short, powerful bursts of energy. These results give us insight into the normal development of the muscles used for chewing, which often consists of short, powerful strokes. This knowledge is important as it will allow us to compare different diets to see how diet can influence muscle characteristics, as well as diseases that may affect muscle characteristics. Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in Myh4 expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in Myh1 expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles. The muscles of mastication, providing the forces allowing us to chew our food properly, may be influenced by what we eat as well as growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of different molecules that contain the instructions to make the proteins necessary for the muscle fibres, as well as the size of the muscle fibres during growth. In order to do this, we used rats that were evaluated at two different ages corresponding to youth and to young adulthood. The size of the muscle fibres increased with age, as well as the type of proteins made, which favoured muscle fibres of the fast-twitch type with a high fatiguability. These types of fibres are built for short, powerful bursts of energy. These results give us insight into the normal development of the muscles used for chewing, which often consists of short, powerful strokes. This knowledge is important as it will allow us to compare different diets to see how diet can influence muscle characteristics, as well as diseases that may affect muscle characteristics. Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in Myh4 expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in Myh1 expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles. Simple SummaryThe muscles of mastication, providing the forces allowing us to chew our food properly, may be influenced by what we eat as well as growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of different molecules that contain the instructions to make the proteins necessary for the muscle fibres, as well as the size of the muscle fibres during growth. In order to do this, we used rats that were evaluated at two different ages corresponding to youth and to young adulthood. The size of the muscle fibres increased with age, as well as the type of proteins made, which favoured muscle fibres of the fast-twitch type with a high fatiguability. These types of fibres are built for short, powerful bursts of energy. These results give us insight into the normal development of the muscles used for chewing, which often consists of short, powerful strokes. This knowledge is important as it will allow us to compare different diets to see how diet can influence muscle characteristics, as well as diseases that may affect muscle characteristics.AbstractDifferent demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in Myh4 expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in Myh1 expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Antonarakis, Gregory S Schaub, Leandra Lagou, Aikaterini Ait-Lounis, Aouatef Kiliaridis, Stavros Denes, Balazs J |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland 2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland – name: 1 Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aikaterini surname: Lagou fullname: Lagou, Aikaterini organization: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Leandra surname: Schaub fullname: Schaub, Leandra organization: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Aouatef surname: Ait-Lounis fullname: Ait-Lounis, Aouatef organization: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: Balazs J surname: Denes fullname: Denes, Balazs J organization: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: Stavros surname: Kiliaridis fullname: Kiliaridis, Stavros organization: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland – sequence: 6 givenname: Gregory S orcidid: 0000-0001-6741-6922 surname: Antonarakis fullname: Antonarakis, Gregory S organization: Division of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372127$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3109/00016359509005972 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2006.00729.x 10.1093/ejo/cjp093 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.09.015 10.1007/978-1-4614-4466-4 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011668 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01152.x 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00783.x 10.1177/0023677217750410 10.1111/ger.12004 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00368.x 10.2319/021918-132.1 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035975 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.023 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411 10.3390/diagnostics12020505 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.01.017 10.1371/journal.pone.0035273 10.1177/2472751220913147 10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00107-2 10.1371/journal.pone.0166080 10.1016/0003-9969(88)90044-1 10.1369/0022155419876421 10.1371/journal.pone.0194540 10.1016/S1010-5182(06)60023-1 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.025 10.1002/ajpa.1330610312 10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.010 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.05.008 10.1093/ejo/cjs083 |
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| Keywords | masticatory muscles masticatory function diet |
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| References | Kiliaridis (ref_29) 1989; 11 Suzuki (ref_21) 2007; 36 ref_12 Konishi (ref_25) 2000; 75 Kiliaridis (ref_4) 1988; 33 Abed (ref_11) 2007; 52 Kiliaridis (ref_1) 1995; 53 Rowlerson (ref_32) 2005; 127 ref_17 Tang (ref_22) 2019; 89 Langenbach (ref_8) 2009; 31 ref_16 ref_15 Larson (ref_18) 2019; 67 Kaneko (ref_27) 2014; 31 Meng (ref_14) 2014; 15 Gojo (ref_20) 2002; 31 Goldspink (ref_5) 1977; 264 Rowe (ref_7) 1969; 104 Anehosur (ref_33) 2020; 5 Kawai (ref_19) 2009; 215 Harzer (ref_31) 2007; 104 Widmer (ref_26) 2007; 52 Gedrange (ref_30) 2006; 34 Denes (ref_24) 2018; 52 Odman (ref_3) 2013; 35 Buschang (ref_10) 1983; 61 Norton (ref_28) 2001; 46 Pepicelli (ref_2) 2005; 128 Sano (ref_13) 2007; 211 ref_9 Gelhaye (ref_23) 2006; 154 ref_6 |
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| Snippet | Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during... The muscles of mastication, providing the forces allowing us to chew our food properly, may be influenced by what we eat as well as growth. The aim of this... Simple SummaryThe muscles of mastication, providing the forces allowing us to chew our food properly, may be influenced by what we eat as well as growth. The... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age groups Animals Craniofacial growth Diet Gene expression Hypotheses Immunofluorescence Isoforms Magnetic resonance imaging Mastication masticatory function masticatory muscles Messenger RNA Muscle function Muscle proteins Muscles Myosin Polymerase chain reaction Sample size |
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| Title | Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats |
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