Short-Term Rapid Ventricular Pacing Prolongs Ventricular Refractoriness in Patients
Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid...
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Published in | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol. 9; no. 10; pp. 1036 - 1042 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.1998
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Abstract | Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid ventricular rates can prolong refractoriness and action potential duration and, thereby, promote ventricular arrhythmias.
Methods and Results: In humans we evaluated the effect of rapid pacing (cycle length 400 msec for 30 min from either the right ventricular apex IRVA, 13 patients] or high right atrium [HRA, II patients]) on the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) as measured from the RVA, using the extrastimulus method (drive train 500 msec). A control group of seven patients had serial measurements of VERPs in the absence of pacing. For a given patient, all VERPs were measured at constant stimulus output (twice diastolic threshold) from the same ventricular site and at the same drive train cycle length. VERPs obtained immediately following rapid pacing did not differ from those at baseline (P = 0.46); however, VERPs obtained 15 minutes post pacing were prolonged compared with baseline VERPs (231 ± 20 msec vs 246 ± 23 msec. P < 0.0026). Pacing site has no impact on VERP prolongation. There was no effect of time on VERP in the absence of pacing.
Conclusion: In contrast to traditional concepts of refractoriness, after the termination of sustained rapid ventricular rates, VERP prolonged. This phenomenon could help explain the observation of torsades de pointes in some patients after atrioventricular junction ablation or the administration of a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent to convert atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response to sinus rhythm. |
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AbstractList | Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid ventricular rates can prolong refractoriness and action potential duration and, thereby, promote ventricular arrhythmias.
Methods and Results: In humans we evaluated the effect of rapid pacing (cycle length 400 msec for 30 min from either the right ventricular apex IRVA, 13 patients] or high right atrium [HRA, II patients]) on the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) as measured from the RVA, using the extrastimulus method (drive train 500 msec). A control group of seven patients had serial measurements of VERPs in the absence of pacing. For a given patient, all VERPs were measured at constant stimulus output (twice diastolic threshold) from the same ventricular site and at the same drive train cycle length. VERPs obtained immediately following rapid pacing did not differ from those at baseline (P = 0.46); however, VERPs obtained 15 minutes post pacing were prolonged compared with baseline VERPs (231 ± 20 msec vs 246 ± 23 msec. P < 0.0026). Pacing site has no impact on VERP prolongation. There was no effect of time on VERP in the absence of pacing.
Conclusion: In contrast to traditional concepts of refractoriness, after the termination of sustained rapid ventricular rates, VERP prolonged. This phenomenon could help explain the observation of torsades de pointes in some patients after atrioventricular junction ablation or the administration of a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent to convert atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response to sinus rhythm. BACKGROUNDTraditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid ventricular rates can prolong refractoriness and action potential duration and, thereby, promote ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTSIn humans we evaluated the effect of rapid pacing (cycle length 400 msec for 30 min from either the right ventricular apex [RVA, 13 patients] or high right atrium [HRA, 11 patients]) on the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) as measured from the RVA, using the extrastimulus method (drive train 500 msec). A control group of seven patients had serial measurements of VERPs in the absence of pacing. For a given patient, all VERPs were measured at constant stimulus output (twice diastolic threshold) from the same ventricular site and at the same drive train cycle length. VERPs obtained immediately following rapid pacing did not differ from those at baseline (P = 0.46); however, VERPs obtained 15 minutes post pacing were prolonged compared with baseline VERPs (231 +/- 20 msec vs 246 +/- 23 msec, P < 0.0026). Pacing site has no impact on VERP prolongation. There was no effect of time on VERP in the absence of pacing. CONCLUSIONIn contrast to traditional concepts of refractoriness, after the termination of sustained rapid ventricular rates, VERP prolonged. This phenomenon could help explain the observation of torsades de pointes in some patients after atrioventricular junction ablation or the administration of a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent to convert atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response to sinus rhythm. Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid ventricular rates can prolong refractoriness and action potential duration and, thereby, promote ventricular arrhythmias. In humans we evaluated the effect of rapid pacing (cycle length 400 msec for 30 min from either the right ventricular apex [RVA, 13 patients] or high right atrium [HRA, 11 patients]) on the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) as measured from the RVA, using the extrastimulus method (drive train 500 msec). A control group of seven patients had serial measurements of VERPs in the absence of pacing. For a given patient, all VERPs were measured at constant stimulus output (twice diastolic threshold) from the same ventricular site and at the same drive train cycle length. VERPs obtained immediately following rapid pacing did not differ from those at baseline (P = 0.46); however, VERPs obtained 15 minutes post pacing were prolonged compared with baseline VERPs (231 +/- 20 msec vs 246 +/- 23 msec, P < 0.0026). Pacing site has no impact on VERP prolongation. There was no effect of time on VERP in the absence of pacing. In contrast to traditional concepts of refractoriness, after the termination of sustained rapid ventricular rates, VERP prolonged. This phenomenon could help explain the observation of torsades de pointes in some patients after atrioventricular junction ablation or the administration of a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent to convert atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response to sinus rhythm. Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of pacing. Animal data, however, have shown that under certain circumstances sustained rapid ventricular rates can prolong refractoriness and action potential duration and, thereby, promote ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and Results: In humans we evaluated the effect of rapid pacing (cycle length 400 msec for 30 min from either the right ventricular apex IRVA, 13 patients] or high right atrium [HRA, II patients]) on the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) as measured from the RVA, using the extrastimulus method (drive train 500 msec). A control group of seven patients had serial measurements of VERPs in the absence of pacing. For a given patient, all VERPs were measured at constant stimulus output (twice diastolic threshold) from the same ventricular site and at the same drive train cycle length. VERPs obtained immediately following rapid pacing did not differ from those at baseline (P = 0.46); however, VERPs obtained 15 minutes post pacing were prolonged compared with baseline VERPs (231 ± 20 msec vs 246 ± 23 msec. P < 0.0026). Pacing site has no impact on VERP prolongation. There was no effect of time on VERP in the absence of pacing. Conclusion: In contrast to traditional concepts of refractoriness, after the termination of sustained rapid ventricular rates, VERP prolonged. This phenomenon could help explain the observation of torsades de pointes in some patients after atrioventricular junction ablation or the administration of a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent to convert atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response to sinus rhythm. |
Author | KREBS, MARK E. MILES, WILLIAM M. SZWED, JOSEPH M. ZIPES, DOUGLAS P. SHINN, TIMOTHY |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: MARK E. surname: KREBS fullname: KREBS, MARK E. organization: Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 2 givenname: JOSEPH M. surname: SZWED fullname: SZWED, JOSEPH M. organization: Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 3 givenname: TIMOTHY surname: SHINN fullname: SHINN, TIMOTHY organization: Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 4 givenname: WILLIAM M. surname: MILES fullname: MILES, WILLIAM M. organization: Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 5 givenname: DOUGLAS P. surname: ZIPES fullname: ZIPES, DOUGLAS P. email: Correspondence address: Douglas P. Zipes, M.D., Krannert Institute of Cardiology, IIII West 10th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. Fax: 317-274-7143; DZIPES@IUPUI.EDU organization: Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana |
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Cites_doi | 10.1161/01.CIR.91.5.1588 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1954 10.1161/01.CIR.84.5.1924 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00811.x 10.1161/01.RES.24.2.251 10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2968 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90836-2 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00592-X 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1995.tb00440.x 10.1161/01.CIR.94.6.1364 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06179.x 10.1161/01.CIR.95.7.1945 10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2953 10.1152/physrev.1989.69.4.1049 10.1161/01.CIR.94.2.217 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90010-4 10.1161/01.CIR.74.5.1075 10.1161/01.CIR.75.4.857 |
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Snippet | Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and... Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after termination of... Rapid Ventricular Rates Prolong VERP. Background: Traditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and... BACKGROUNDTraditional concepts suggest that ventricular refractoriness should gradually shorten during rapid pacing and gradually return to baseline after... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Aged arrhythmia Cardiac Catheterization Cardiac Pacing, Artificial electrophysiology Electrophysiology - methods Female Heart Conduction System - physiopathology Heart Ventricles - physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Myocardial Contraction tachycardia Tachycardia - physiopathology Tachycardia - therapy |
Title | Short-Term Rapid Ventricular Pacing Prolongs Ventricular Refractoriness in Patients |
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