Biochar and Its Potential to Deliver Negative Emissions and Better Soil Quality in Europe

Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, wit...

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Published inEarth's future Vol. 11; no. 10
Main Authors Tisserant, Alexandre, Hu, Xiangping, Liu, Qi, Xie, Zubin, Zhao, Wenwu, Cherubini, Francesco
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bognor Regis John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2023
Wiley
Subjects
Agricultural land
Agricultural production
Air pollution
Air pollution control
Air quality management
Alternative energy sources
Ammonia
Analysis
Biochar
Biomass
Carbon sequestration
Charcoal
Climate change
Crop production
Crop residues
Emissions
Environment
Environmental research
Estimates
Forecasts and trends
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Harvest
Leaching
Market trend/market analysis
Methods
Nitrous oxide
Nutrient loss
Nutrient retention
Organic matter
Raw materials
Residues
Retention
Soil degradation
Soil erosion
Soil organic matter
Soil pollution
Soil quality
Soil water
Soils
Supply chains
Sustainability
Tradeoffs
Vaporization
Volatilization
United States
Europe
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Abstract Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH3 volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N2O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions. Plain Language Summary Limiting global warming requires a large‐scale deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs) to capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, many NETs typically require land use and compete with food security or nature conservation. Biochar, a stable charcoal‐like material, can be produced from biomass residues without competing for land and, when applied to agricultural soils, it delivers negative emissions while providing agronomic benefits. An analysis of the environmental and agronomic effects of biochar production and use in Europe is key to identify sustainable pathways. Our results offer high‐resolution estimates of negative emissions and maps of biochar‐induced co‐benefits and trade‐offs with crop production, soil quality and soil emissions. When correctly implemented, biochar can co‐deliver for multiple global challenges (climate change, food security, contrast land degradation) and help a cross‐sectoral sustainability transition in Europe. Key Points Biochar from biomass residues in Europe has a negative emission potential of 70–290 MtCO2 yr−1 Biochar application to cropland generally increases soil carbon, water holding capacity, crop production, and reduces soil nitrogen losses Some trade‐offs can occur in few locations, mainly for lower yields and air pollution
AbstractList Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH[sub.3] volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N[sub.2] O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions.
Abstract Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH3 volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N2O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions.
Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large-scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially-explicit analysis of the co-benefits and trade-offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%-9%), crop production (+7.1%-8.4%), NH3 volatilization (+21.7%-24.2%), and reduces soil N2O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade-offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co-deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions.
Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH 3 volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N 2 O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions. Limiting global warming requires a large‐scale deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs) to capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, many NETs typically require land use and compete with food security or nature conservation. Biochar, a stable charcoal‐like material, can be produced from biomass residues without competing for land and, when applied to agricultural soils, it delivers negative emissions while providing agronomic benefits. An analysis of the environmental and agronomic effects of biochar production and use in Europe is key to identify sustainable pathways. Our results offer high‐resolution estimates of negative emissions and maps of biochar‐induced co‐benefits and trade‐offs with crop production, soil quality and soil emissions. When correctly implemented, biochar can co‐deliver for multiple global challenges (climate change, food security, contrast land degradation) and help a cross‐sectoral sustainability transition in Europe. Biochar from biomass residues in Europe has a negative emission potential of 70–290 MtCO 2  yr −1 Biochar application to cropland generally increases soil carbon, water holding capacity, crop production, and reduces soil nitrogen losses Some trade‐offs can occur in few locations, mainly for lower yields and air pollution
Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils are under increasing threat of degradation, as measured by losses in soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and nutrient retention, with increasing negative effects on plant productivity. Biochar from biomass residues is a technically mature option that does not compete for land and can typically restore key functions of degraded soils while delivering negative emissions. However, quantitative estimates of its potentials in Europe and a detailed spatially‐explicit analysis of the co‐benefits and trade‐offs for agricultural land are unclear. Here, we estimate an annual negative emission potential of biochar from forest and crop residues available in Europe from 1.7% to 3.9% of 2021s European greenhouse gas emissions (15.2%–35% of the agricultural emissions), depending on residue potentials and biochar scenarios. At the same time, biochar application to cropland increases water holding capacity (+6.5%‐9%), crop production (+7.1%‐8.4%), NH3 volatilization (+21.7%‐24.2%), and reduces soil N2O emissions (−13.7%–34.7%) and nitrogen leaching (−17.5%–22.7%). There are spatially heterogeneous trade‐offs for some soil effects (ammonia volatilization and yields) and air pollution (mainly due to emissions from biochar systems). Biochar offers synergistic solutions that co‐deliver across different sustainability challenges, but its optimal deployment requires strategies tailored to local conditions. Plain Language Summary Limiting global warming requires a large‐scale deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs) to capture and store atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, many NETs typically require land use and compete with food security or nature conservation. Biochar, a stable charcoal‐like material, can be produced from biomass residues without competing for land and, when applied to agricultural soils, it delivers negative emissions while providing agronomic benefits. An analysis of the environmental and agronomic effects of biochar production and use in Europe is key to identify sustainable pathways. Our results offer high‐resolution estimates of negative emissions and maps of biochar‐induced co‐benefits and trade‐offs with crop production, soil quality and soil emissions. When correctly implemented, biochar can co‐deliver for multiple global challenges (climate change, food security, contrast land degradation) and help a cross‐sectoral sustainability transition in Europe. Key Points Biochar from biomass residues in Europe has a negative emission potential of 70–290 MtCO2 yr−1 Biochar application to cropland generally increases soil carbon, water holding capacity, crop production, and reduces soil nitrogen losses Some trade‐offs can occur in few locations, mainly for lower yields and air pollution
Audience General
Author Hu, Xiangping
Zhao, Wenwu
Xie, Zubin
Cherubini, Francesco
Tisserant, Alexandre
Liu, Qi
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  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
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  fullname: Hu, Xiangping
  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
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  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Qi
  organization: Nanjing Forestry University
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  surname: Zhao
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  organization: Beijing Normal University
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  surname: Cherubini
  fullname: Cherubini, Francesco
  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
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Stolte J. (e_1_2_8_1_87_1) 2015
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Camia A. (e_1_2_8_1_15_1) 2021
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e_1_2_8_1_9_1
cr-split#-e_1_2_8_1_23_1.1
cr-split#-e_1_2_8_1_23_1.2
e_1_2_8_1_83_1
e_1_2_8_1_27_1
WRI (e_1_2_8_1_103_1) 2023
IPCC (e_1_2_8_1_42_1) 2021
e_1_2_8_1_22_1
e_1_2_8_1_68_1
e_1_2_8_1_45_1
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Mokma D. L. (e_1_2_8_1_59_1) 1992; 47
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Snippet Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils...
Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large-scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time, agricultural soils...
Abstract Negative emissions are essential to limit global warming, but their large‐scale deployment rises sustainability concerns. At the same time,...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural land
Agricultural production
Air pollution
Air pollution control
Air quality management
Alternative energy sources
Ammonia
Analysis
Biochar
Biomass
Carbon sequestration
Charcoal
Climate change
Crop production
Crop residues
Emissions
Environment
Environmental research
Estimates
Forecasts and trends
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Harvest
Leaching
Market trend/market analysis
Methods
Nitrous oxide
Nutrient loss
Nutrient retention
Organic matter
Raw materials
Residues
Retention
Soil degradation
Soil erosion
Soil organic matter
Soil pollution
Soil quality
Soil water
Soils
Supply chains
Sustainability
Tradeoffs
Vaporization
Volatilization
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Title Biochar and Its Potential to Deliver Negative Emissions and Better Soil Quality in Europe
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029%2F2022EF003246
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https://doaj.org/article/dd0953e81055430ead23960ce81479fe
Volume 11
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