Neurobiology of cognitive abilities in early childhood autism
This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low In...
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| Published in | JCPP advances Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. e12214 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
John Wiley and Sons Inc
01.06.2024
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2692-9384 2692-9384 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jcv2.12214 |
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| Abstract | This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co‐occurring. About 37% of 8‐year old children and 48% of 4‐year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co‐occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may “rescue” the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school‐aged children, based on (i) age and (ii) impairments in both verbal and non‐verbal domains. The etiology of these early‐diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later‐diagnosed, average or higher‐IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area.
There are important complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Available evidence suggests distinct neurobiological underpinnings and potentially distinct etiology for some of earlier‐diagnosed, lower‐IQ childhood autism cases, compared to those later diagnosed. Further, cases with early low IQ are distinguished from speech onset delay on the basis of (i) age and (ii) impairments in verbal and non‐verbal cognitive abilities. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, this work identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. |
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| AbstractList | This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co-occurring. About 37% of 8-year old children and 48% of 4-year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co-occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may "rescue" the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school-aged children, based on (
) age and (
) impairments in both verbal and non-verbal domains. The etiology of these early-diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later-diagnosed, average or higher-IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co‐occurring. About 37% of 8‐year old children and 48% of 4‐year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co‐occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may “rescue” the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school‐aged children, based on ( i ) age and ( ii ) impairments in both verbal and non‐verbal domains. The etiology of these early‐diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later‐diagnosed, average or higher‐IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co‐occurring. About 37% of 8‐year old children and 48% of 4‐year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co‐occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may “rescue” the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school‐aged children, based on (i) age and (ii) impairments in both verbal and non‐verbal domains. The etiology of these early‐diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later‐diagnosed, average or higher‐IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. There are important complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Available evidence suggests distinct neurobiological underpinnings and potentially distinct etiology for some of earlier‐diagnosed, lower‐IQ childhood autism cases, compared to those later diagnosed. Further, cases with early low IQ are distinguished from speech onset delay on the basis of (i) age and (ii) impairments in verbal and non‐verbal cognitive abilities. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, this work identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co‐occurring. About 37% of 8‐year old children and 48% of 4‐year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co‐occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may “rescue” the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school‐aged children, based on ( i ) age and ( ii ) impairments in both verbal and non‐verbal domains. The etiology of these early‐diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later‐diagnosed, average or higher‐IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. There are important complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Available evidence suggests distinct neurobiological underpinnings and potentially distinct etiology for some of earlier‐diagnosed, lower‐IQ childhood autism cases, compared to those later diagnosed. Further, cases with early low IQ are distinguished from speech onset delay on the basis of (i) age and (ii) impairments in verbal and non‐verbal cognitive abilities. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, this work identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co-occurring. About 37% of 8-year old children and 48% of 4-year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co-occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may "rescue" the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school-aged children, based on (i) age and (ii) impairments in both verbal and non-verbal domains. The etiology of these early-diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later-diagnosed, average or higher-IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area.This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co-occurring. About 37% of 8-year old children and 48% of 4-year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co-occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may "rescue" the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school-aged children, based on (i) age and (ii) impairments in both verbal and non-verbal domains. The etiology of these early-diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later-diagnosed, average or higher-IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. Abstract This perspective considers complexities in the relationship between impaired cognitive abilities and autism from a maturational, developmental perspective, and aims to serve as a helpful guide for the complex and growing investigation of cognitive abilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and ASD are frequently co‐occurring. About 37% of 8‐year old children and 48% of 4‐year old children diagnosed with ASD also have Intellectual Disability, with IQ below 70. And, low IQ in early infancy, including below 1 year of age, carries a 40% greater chance of receiving ASD diagnosis in early childhood. We consider the evidence that may explain this co‐occurrence, including the possibility that high IQ may “rescue” the social communication issues, as well as the possible role of critical periods during growth and development. We consider how early low IQ may subsume a part of a subgroup of individuals with ASD, in particular, those diagnosed with autism in very early childhood, and we provide neurobiological evidence in support of this subtype. Moreover, we distinguish the concept of early low IQ from the delay in speech onset in preschool and school‐aged children, based on (i) age and (ii) impairments in both verbal and non‐verbal domains. The etiology of these early‐diagnosed, early low IQ ASD cases is different from later‐diagnosed, average or higher‐IQ cases, and from children with speech delay onset. Given recent interest in formulating new subtypes of autism, rather than continuing to conceive of ASD as a spectrum, as well as new subtypes that vary in the degree of severity along the spectrum, we identify gaps in knowledge and directions for future work in this complex and growing area. |
| Author | Denisova, Kristina |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Math and Natural Sciences Department of Psychology Autism Origins Lab City University of New York Queens College and Graduate Center Queens New York USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Division of Math and Natural Sciences Department of Psychology Autism Origins Lab City University of New York Queens College and Graduate Center Queens New York USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kristina orcidid: 0000-0002-0104-019X surname: Denisova fullname: Denisova, Kristina email: kdenisova@gc.cuny.edu, kristina.denisova@qc.cuny.edu organization: Queens College and Graduate Center |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38827984$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | speech delay onset infants intelligence quotient (IQ) early low IQ high IQ early childhood autism autism spectrum disorder equitable health outcomes |
| Language | English |
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| SubjectTerms | autism spectrum disorder early childhood autism early low IQ equitable health outcomes high IQ infants intelligence quotient (IQ) Research Review Research Reviews speech delay onset |
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| Title | Neurobiology of cognitive abilities in early childhood autism |
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