Fine-Scale Ecological and Genetic Population Structure of Two Whitefish (Coregoninae) Species in the Vicinity of Industrial Thermal Emissions

Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population struct...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 11; no. 1; p. e0146656
Main Authors Graham, Carly F, Eberts, Rebecca L, Morgan, Thomas D, Boreham, Douglas R, Lance, Stacey L, Manzon, Richard G, Martino, Jessica A, Rogers, Sean M, Wilson, Joanna Y, Somers, Christopher M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.01.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Air pollution
Animals
Aquatic sciences
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Biological Evolution
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Canada
Coregoninae
Coregonus
Coregonus clupeaformis
Earth Sciences
Ecological monitoring
ecological niches
Ecology
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Effluents
Electric power plants
ellipses
Emissions
Engineering and Technology
Fish
Fisheries management
freshwater fish
Genetic markers
Genetics
Genetics, Population
Industrial emissions
Industrial plant emissions
Industrial pollution
Isotopes
Laboratories
Lakes
Microsatellite Repeats
Microsatellites
Nuclear electric power generation
Nuclear energy
Nuclear power
Nuclear Power Plants
Physical Sciences
Point source pollution
Point sources
Pollution sources
Population
population ecology
Population genetics
Population structure
Population studies
Power plants
Prosopium cylindraceum
Recruitment
Salmonidae
Salmonidae - genetics
Spawning
Stable isotopes
Studies
Temperature
Thermal pollution
Values
Water pollution
Canada
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Abstract Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species (Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (Fst, STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Thus, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.
AbstractList Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species ( Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum ) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (F st , STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Thus, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.
Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species (Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (Fst, STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Furthermore, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.
Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species (Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (Fst, STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Thus, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.
Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may need to be managed to avoid affecting discrete populations. Correspondingly, we examined fine-scale ecological and genetic population structure of two whitefish species ( Coregonus clupeaformis and Prosopium cylindraceum ) on Lake Huron, Canada, in the immediate vicinity of thermal effluent from nuclear power generation. Niche metrics using δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes showed high levels of overlap (48.6 to 94.5%) in resource use by adult fish captured in areas affected by thermal effluent compared to nearby reference locations. Isotopic niche size, a metric of resource use diversity, was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher than reference values in some thermally affected areas, indicative of fish mixing. Microsatellite analyses of genetic population structure (F st , STRUCTURE and DAPC) indicated that fish captured at all locations in the vicinity of the power plant were part of a larger population extending beyond the study area. In concert, ecological and genetic markers do not support the presence of an evolutionarily significant unit in the vicinity of the power plant. Thus, future research should focus on the potential impacts of thermal emissions on development and recruitment.
Author Graham, Carly F
Martino, Jessica A
Morgan, Thomas D
Lance, Stacey L
Wilson, Joanna Y
Eberts, Rebecca L
Manzon, Richard G
Rogers, Sean M
Somers, Christopher M
Boreham, Douglas R
AuthorAffiliation 2 Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
1 Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Bournemouth University, UNITED KINGDOM
4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
5 Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
3 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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– name: 1 Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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  organization: Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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  organization: Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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  surname: Somers
  fullname: Somers, Christopher M
  organization: Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26807722$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2016 Graham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2016 Graham et al 2016 Graham et al
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Issue 1
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License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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USDOE
FC09-07SR22506
Conceived and designed the experiments: CMS JYW RGM DRB. Performed the experiments: CFG RLE TDM JAM SLL. Analyzed the data: CFG RLE TDM JAM SLL CMS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMR. Wrote the paper: CFG RLE TDM DRB SLL RGM JAM SMR JYW.
Competing Interests: Yes. For all authors, the study was partly funded by Bruce Power, the nuclear power company that generates the thermal emissions under scrutiny in this manuscript. However, the funds contributed are part of a peer-reviewed industrial partnership grant with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada as described in the funding section. The industrial partner provided fish specimens and the geographic framework for the study as described, but had no further role in the generation, analysis, or interpretation of the data. Author Dr. Douglas Boreham has a previous history of industrial research chair positions funded in part by Bruce Power; his current salary as the Director of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine at Laurentian University is funded by the company. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4726566/
PMID 26807722
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SSID ssj0053866
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Snippet Thermal pollution from industrial processes can have negative impacts on the spawning and development of cold-water fish. Point sources of thermal effluent may...
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StartPage e0146656
SubjectTerms Air pollution
Animals
Aquatic sciences
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Biological Evolution
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Canada
Coregoninae
Coregonus
Coregonus clupeaformis
Earth Sciences
Ecological monitoring
ecological niches
Ecology
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Effluents
Electric power plants
ellipses
Emissions
Engineering and Technology
Fish
Fisheries management
freshwater fish
Genetic markers
Genetics
Genetics, Population
Industrial emissions
Industrial plant emissions
Industrial pollution
Isotopes
Laboratories
Lakes
Microsatellite Repeats
Microsatellites
Nuclear electric power generation
Nuclear energy
Nuclear power
Nuclear Power Plants
Physical Sciences
Point source pollution
Point sources
Pollution sources
Population
population ecology
Population genetics
Population structure
Population studies
Power plants
Prosopium cylindraceum
Recruitment
Salmonidae
Salmonidae - genetics
Spawning
Stable isotopes
Studies
Temperature
Thermal pollution
Values
Water pollution
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Title Fine-Scale Ecological and Genetic Population Structure of Two Whitefish (Coregoninae) Species in the Vicinity of Industrial Thermal Emissions
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26807722
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1760027179
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1760924470
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253619
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4726566
https://doaj.org/article/cb990a6875b442ccaaacb638dfd2f943
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146656
Volume 11
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