Off-task social media multitasking during class: determining factors and mediating mechanism

Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside university classrooms. We aim to clarify the relationships between social media multitasking and self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, multitasking preferenc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 1 - 19
Main Authors Deng, Liping, Zhou, Yujie, Hu, Qingchun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 16.03.2022
BioMed Central, Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Subjects
Academic Achievement
Classrooms
College Students
Colleges & universities
Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Computer Science
Computers and Education
Digital media
Educational Technology
Foreign Countries
Higher Education
Humanities
Incentives
Individual Characteristics
Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)
Laptop Computers
Law
Learner Engagement
Learning Theories
Learning theory
Lecture Method
Literature Reviews
Motivation
Multitasking
Peer Influence
Preferences
Psychological Needs
Research Article
Self Efficacy
Self Motivation
Social factors
Social Media
Social networks
Statistics for Social Sciences
Student Behavior
Student Motivation
Student Participation
Students
Time Factors (Learning)
China
Multitasking
Motivation
Social media
Self-efficacy
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2365-9440
2365-9440
DOI10.1186/s41239-022-00321-1

Cover

Abstract Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside university classrooms. We aim to clarify the relationships between social media multitasking and self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, multitasking preference as well as peer distraction, and to elucidate the interactive relationships between these factors. Questionnaire data from 203 university students in China show that academic self-efficacy fully mediates the association between intrinsic motivation and off-task multitasking. Moreover, multitasking preference partially mediates the association between peer distraction and off-task multitasking during class time. The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of why students multitask during class, which can inform the development of strategies for combating social media distraction and enhancing students’ learning engagement.
AbstractList Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside university classrooms. We aim to clarify the relationships between social media multitasking and self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, multitasking preference as well as peer distraction, and to elucidate the interactive relationships between these factors. Questionnaire data from 203 university students in China show that academic self-efficacy fully mediates the association between intrinsic motivation and off-task multitasking. Moreover, multitasking preference partially mediates the association between peer distraction and off-task multitasking during class time. The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of why students multitask during class, which can inform the development of strategies for combating social media distraction and enhancing students’ learning engagement.
Abstract Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside university classrooms. We aim to clarify the relationships between social media multitasking and self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, multitasking preference as well as peer distraction, and to elucidate the interactive relationships between these factors. Questionnaire data from 203 university students in China show that academic self-efficacy fully mediates the association between intrinsic motivation and off-task multitasking. Moreover, multitasking preference partially mediates the association between peer distraction and off-task multitasking during class time. The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of why students multitask during class, which can inform the development of strategies for combating social media distraction and enhancing students’ learning engagement.
ArticleNumber 14
Audience Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Author Deng, Liping
Hu, Qingchun
Zhou, Yujie
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Liping
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7508-5289
  surname: Deng
  fullname: Deng, Liping
  email: lisadeng@hkbu.edu.hk
  organization: Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yujie
  surname: Zhou
  fullname: Zhou, Yujie
  organization: Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Qingchun
  surname: Hu
  fullname: Hu, Qingchun
  organization: School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
BackLink http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1330250$$DView record in ERIC
BookMark eNp9kU1rFTEUhoNUsN72DxSEAdej-Zwk7qRUrRS6qbtCOMkkNdeZyTXJXfjvzXT8wkVXJ7znPG8O532JTpa0eIQuCH5DiBreFk4o0z2mtMeYUdKTZ-iUskH0mnN88s_7BTovZY8xJppSpugpur8Noa9QvnUluQhTN_sxQjcfpxpXOS4P3XjMa3ETlPKuG331eY7LKgVwNeXSwTJuYF3V2buvsMQyn6HnAabiz3_VHfry4eru8lN_c_vx-vL9Te-EoLUPFsAKJYkMQY2KqnFgWGKttVAWa2tl0HwUQVmuQeJhwCMXmhInpPdMSrZD15vvmGBvDjnOkH-YBNE8Cik_GMg1uskbSQZn5WA9tpYLaO4Q5KA989CM21F26PXmdcjp-9GXavbpmJe2vqED04RyzkSberVN-Rzdnx-vPhPGMBW49dXWdzmVkn0wrp2zxrTUDHEyBJs1OrNFZ1p05jE6QxpK_0N_2z8JsQ0qhzUrn_9u_QT1E9RWq7w
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_bjet_13422
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12811_y
crossref_primary_10_2478_sbe_2023_0022
crossref_primary_10_48175_IJARSCT_5699
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12786_w
crossref_primary_10_3916_C76_2023_09
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_13157_1
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.029
10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057
10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x
10.1080/13562517.2020.1724937
10.1177/2158244018824505
10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.040
10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040
10.1080/87567555.2015.1019826
10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.006
10.1177/1469787417745214
10.3102/00346543066004543
10.2307/3151718
10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.009
10.1177/1461444814531692
10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
10.2307/3151312
10.1016/j.compedu.2015.10.021
10.1037/a0037666
10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z
10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.043
10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001
10.1006/ceps.1999.1016
10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.004
10.1080/17482798.2013.781514
10.1016/j.compedu.2009.07.014
10.1177/0956797616677314
10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02778.x
10.17705/1CAIS.01605
10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003
10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.027
10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.052
10.1108/INTR-09-2019-0388
10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
10.1108/ITSE-08-2018-0056
10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.008
10.1016/j.compedu.2016.10.010
10.17763/haer.73.4.3618644850123376
10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
10.1093/iwc/iwu005
10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.002
10.1007/s00426-019-01246-7
10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
10.14742/ajet.5048
10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.018
10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.023
10.1007/s12528-018-9185-1
10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.047
10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.031
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5864-10.2011
10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.012
10.14434/jotlt.v5n1.13781
10.1080/03634523.2010.496092
10.1080/15213260701532948
10.1080/10580530.2018.1553646
10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x
10.1177/1469787417721382
10.1080/10872981.2020.1742964
10.1108/02683940210439432
10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
10.1016/j.compedu.2017.10.006
10.1016/j.compedu.2006.09.006
10.1016/S1041-6080(02)00092-4
10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<208::AID-PITS2310220215>3.0.CO;2-7
10.1080/09588221.2017.1329215
10.1080/87567555.2011.604802
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2022
The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2022
– notice: The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
0-V
3V.
7XB
88B
89V
8BY
8FE
8FG
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
AHOVV
ALSLI
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CJNVE
CLZPN
DPSOV
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
KC-
M0P
M2L
M2O
MBDVC
P5Z
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEDU
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRQQA
Q9U
DOA
DOI 10.1186/s41239-022-00321-1
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
ERIC
ERIC (Ovid)
ERIC
ERIC
ERIC (Legacy Platform)
ERIC( SilverPlatter )
ERIC
ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
ERIC
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Education Database (Alumni Edition)
PRISMA Database
PRISMA Database with HAPI Index
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Education Research Index
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Education Collection (ProQuest)
Latin America & Iberian Database
Politics Collection (OCUL)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Politics Collection
Education Database
Political Science Database (OCUL)
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Education
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ERIC
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Education
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
PRISMA (without HAPI)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
Politics Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Political Science
Education Collection
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Education Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
Latin America & Iberian Database
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
PRISMA (with HAPI)
ProQuest Politics Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef

Publicly Available Content Database
ERIC
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: ERI
  name: ERIC
  url: https://eric.ed.gov/
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
Law
Computer Science
EISSN 2365-9440
ERIC EJ1330250
EndPage 19
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_716cb76be0bb45a09baf769e3ea06622
EJ1330250
10_1186_s41239_022_00321_1
GeographicLocations China
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Faculty Research grant, Hong Kong Baptist Universtiy
  grantid: FRG2/17-18/049
GroupedDBID -W8
0R~
5VS
89V
8BY
8G5
AAFWJ
AAHSB
AAKKN
ABEEZ
ABFTD
ABUWG
ACACY
ACGFS
ACULB
ADBBV
ADINQ
ADUOI
AFGXO
AFKRA
AHBYD
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
AMKLP
ARAPS
ASPBG
AZQEC
B14
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
C24
C6C
CCPQU
CJNVE
CLZPN
DPSOV
DWQXO
EBS
EDJ
EJD
FAEIB
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
HISYW
IAO
IER
INF
ITC
KC-
KPI
M0P
M2L
M2O
M~E
OK1
PIMPY
PQEDU
PQQKQ
PROAC
RHO
RSV
SOJ
AAYXX
AFPKN
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
7SW
AHSBF
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
H13
PET
PQGLB
PRQQA
PUEGO
REK
WWN
0-V
3V.
7XB
8FE
8FG
8FK
AHOVV
MBDVC
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c552t-fbaab58717ff8d828d6307099958b09bb7f94d5f8b49a70660d45921c57ee3773
IEDL.DBID C6C
ISSN 2365-9440
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:31:43 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 13:15:10 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 02 19:21:06 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:32:46 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:59:56 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:47:24 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords Multitasking
Motivation
Social media
Self-efficacy
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c552t-fbaab58717ff8d828d6307099958b09bb7f94d5f8b49a70660d45921c57ee3773
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-7508-5289
OpenAccessLink https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00321-1
PQID 2639124435
PQPubID 396499
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_716cb76be0bb45a09baf769e3ea06622
proquest_journals_2639124435
eric_primary_EJ1330250
crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s41239_022_00321_1
crossref_primary_10_1186_s41239_022_00321_1
springer_journals_10_1186_s41239_022_00321_1
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-03-16
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-03-16
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-03-16
  day: 16
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Cham
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cham
– name: Heidelberg
PublicationTitle International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
PublicationTitleAbbrev Int J Educ Technol High Educ
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Springer International Publishing
BioMed Central, Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Publisher_xml – name: Springer International Publishing
– name: BioMed Central, Ltd
– name: Springer Nature B.V
– name: SpringerOpen
References Ravizza, Uitvlugt, Fenn (CR59) 2017; 28
Bandura (CR7) 1991; 50
Hair, Hult, Ringle, Sarstedt, Thiele (CR33) 2017; 45
Kraushaar, Novak (CR42) 2010; 21
Gerow, Galluch, Thatcher (CR31) 2010; 11
Callahan, Brownlee, Brtek, Tosi (CR13) 2003; 33
Wood, Zivcakova, Gentile, Archer, De Pasquale, Nosko (CR73) 2012; 58
Bandura, Walters (CR8) 1977
Alt (CR4) 2015; 49
Adler, Benbunan-Fich (CR1) 2013; 29
Alghamdi, Karpinski, Lepp, Barkley (CR3) 2020; 102
Goel, Schnusenberg (CR32) 2019; 36
Partin, Haney, Worch, Underwood, Nurnberger-Haag, Scheuermann, Midden (CR53) 2011; 40
Podsakoff (CR55) 2003; 885
Lau (CR43) 2017; 68
Wu (CR75) 2017; 106
Jeong, Fishbein (CR36) 2007; 10
Pajares (CR52) 1996; 66
Schunk (CR65) 1985; 22
Fornell, Larcker (CR28) 1981; 18
Kanai, Dong, Bahrami, Rees (CR39) 2011; 31
Wu, Li, Zheng, Guo (CR74) 2020; 25
CR6
Hong, Hwang, Tai, Lin (CR35) 2017; 30
Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough (CR49) 2018; 86
Spiliotopoulou (CR66) 2009; 56
Ralph, Smith, Seli, Smilek (CR58) 2021; 85
Sana, Weston, Cepeda (CR63) 2013; 62
Calderwood, Ackerman, Conklin (CR11) 2014; 75
Henseler, Ringle, Sinkovics (CR34) 2009
Tindell, Bohlander (CR70) 2012; 60
Fried (CR29) 2008; 50
Zimmerman (CR78) 2000; 25
Baron, Kenny (CR9) 1986; 51
Fornell, Bookstein (CR27) 1982; 19
Kononova, Chiang (CR40) 2015; 50
Swailes, McIntyre-Bhatty (CR68) 2002; 17
Junco, Cotten (CR38) 2012; 59
Lawson, Henderson (CR44) 2015; 63
Adler, Benbunan-Fich (CR2) 2015; 27
Rosen, Carrier, Cheever (CR61) 2013; 29
Chin (CR16) 1998; 295
Lepp, Barkley, Karpinski, Singh (CR45) 2019; 9
Deng (CR21) 2020; 36
Bandura (CR5) 1978; 28
Gefen, Straub (CR30) 2005; 16
Sansone, Harackiewicz (CR64) 2000
Brechwald, Prinstein (CR10) 2011; 21
Chin, Marcolin, Newsted (CR17) 2003; 14
David, Kim, Brickman, Ran, Curtis (CR19) 2015; 17
Ryan, Deci (CR62) 2000; 25
Ragan, Jennings, Massey, Doolittle (CR57) 2014; 78
Deng, Ku, Kong (CR22) 2019; 16
Moskowitz (CR50) 2005
Wei, Wang (CR71) 2010; 59
Chen, Wang, Tao, Jiang, Li (CR15) 2021
Junco (CR37) 2012; 28
Pollard, Courage (CR56) 2017; 76
Zhang, Zhang (CR77) 2012; 28
Derounian (CR23) 2020; 21
May, Elder (CR48) 2018; 15
Srivastava, Nakazawa, Chen (CR67) 2016; 62
Lin, McKeachie, Kim (CR46) 2003; 13
Nunnally, Bernstein (CR51) 1994
Chen, Yan (CR14) 2016; 54
Festl, Scharkow, Quandt (CR25) 2013; 7
Kornhauser, Paul, Siedlecki (CR41) 2016; 5
Riemer, Shavitt, Koo, Markus (CR60) 2014; 121
Demirbilek, Talan (CR20) 2018; 19
Cokley (CR18) 2003; 73
Flanigan, Babchuk (CR26) 2020
Pintrich, De Groot (CR54) 1990; 82
Taneja, Fiore, Fischer (CR69) 2015; 82
Lindroth, Bergquist (CR47) 2010; 54
Calderwood, Green, Joy-Gaba, Moloney (CR12) 2016; 94
Wood, Mirza, Shaw (CR72) 2018; 30
Felisoni, Godoi (CR24) 2018; 117
Zhang (CR76) 2015; 81
JE Gerow (321_CR31) 2010; 11
RM Baron (321_CR9) 1986; 51
JC Nunnally (321_CR51) 1994
YG Lin (321_CR46) 2003; 13
WW Chin (321_CR17) 2003; 14
ML Partin (321_CR53) 2011; 40
X Chen (321_CR15) 2021
E Wood (321_CR72) 2018; 30
R Festl (321_CR25) 2013; 7
K Cokley (321_CR18) 2003; 73
GB Moskowitz (321_CR50) 2005
WA Brechwald (321_CR10) 2011; 21
321_CR6
PR Pintrich (321_CR54) 1990; 82
AE Flanigan (321_CR26) 2020
E Wood (321_CR73) 2012; 58
R Junco (321_CR37) 2012; 28
A Lepp (321_CR45) 2019; 9
D Alt (321_CR4) 2015; 49
JS Callahan (321_CR13) 2003; 33
M Demirbilek (321_CR20) 2018; 19
CB Fried (321_CR29) 2008; 50
G Spiliotopoulou (321_CR66) 2009; 56
D Gefen (321_CR30) 2005; 16
P David (321_CR19) 2015; 17
ZGC Kornhauser (321_CR41) 2016; 5
A Bandura (321_CR5) 1978; 28
L Goel (321_CR32) 2019; 36
DH Schunk (321_CR65) 1985; 22
DR Tindell (321_CR70) 2012; 60
F Sana (321_CR63) 2013; 62
RF Adler (321_CR2) 2015; 27
H Riemer (321_CR60) 2014; 121
LD Rosen (321_CR61) 2013; 29
D Lawson (321_CR44) 2015; 63
F-YF Wei (321_CR71) 2010; 59
R Kanai (321_CR39) 2011; 31
C Fornell (321_CR28) 1981; 18
A Alghamdi (321_CR3) 2020; 102
J-C Hong (321_CR35) 2017; 30
A Taneja (321_CR69) 2015; 82
JG Derounian (321_CR23) 2020; 21
NP Podsakoff (321_CR55) 2003; 885
S Swailes (321_CR68) 2002; 17
C Fornell (321_CR27) 1982; 19
L Deng (321_CR22) 2019; 16
ED Ragan (321_CR57) 2014; 78
A Bandura (321_CR7) 1991; 50
KE May (321_CR48) 2018; 15
MA Pollard (321_CR56) 2017; 76
F Pajares (321_CR52) 1996; 66
W Zhang (321_CR77) 2012; 28
J Henseler (321_CR34) 2009
JF Hair (321_CR33) 2017; 45
R Junco (321_CR38) 2012; 59
JS Mendoza (321_CR49) 2018; 86
J Srivastava (321_CR67) 2016; 62
C Calderwood (321_CR12) 2016; 94
Q Chen (321_CR14) 2016; 54
H Wu (321_CR74) 2020; 25
C Calderwood (321_CR11) 2014; 75
S-H Jeong (321_CR36) 2007; 10
W Zhang (321_CR76) 2015; 81
SM Ravizza (321_CR59) 2017; 28
T Lindroth (321_CR47) 2010; 54
RF Adler (321_CR1) 2013; 29
(321_CR64) 2000
L Deng (321_CR21) 2020; 36
BC Ralph (321_CR58) 2021; 85
J-Y Wu (321_CR75) 2017; 106
A Bandura (321_CR8) 1977
WW Lau (321_CR43) 2017; 68
WW Chin (321_CR16) 1998; 295
JM Kraushaar (321_CR42) 2010; 21
A Kononova (321_CR40) 2015; 50
DD Felisoni (321_CR24) 2018; 117
RM Ryan (321_CR62) 2000; 25
BJ Zimmerman (321_CR78) 2000; 25
References_xml – volume: 58
  start-page: 365
  year: 2012
  end-page: 374
  ident: CR73
  article-title: Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.029
– year: 1994
  ident: CR51
  publication-title: Psychometric theory
– volume: 82
  start-page: 33
  issue: 1
  year: 1990
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance
  publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
– volume: 49
  start-page: 111
  year: 2015
  end-page: 119
  ident: CR4
  article-title: College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057
– volume: 21
  start-page: 166
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  end-page: 179
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Beyond homophily: a decade of advances in understanding peer influence processes
  publication-title: Journal of Research on Adolescence
  doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x
– year: 2020
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Digital distraction in the classroom: exploring instructor perceptions and reactions
  publication-title: Teaching in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1080/13562517.2020.1724937
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2158244018824505
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: CR45
  article-title: College students’ multitasking behavior in online versus face-to-face courses
  publication-title: SAGE Open
  doi: 10.1177/2158244018824505
– volume: 11
  start-page: 5
  issue: 3
  year: 2010
  end-page: 24
  ident: CR31
  article-title: To slack or not to slack: Internet usage in the classroom
  publication-title: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application
– volume: 45
  start-page: 616
  issue: 5
  year: 2017
  end-page: 632
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods
  publication-title: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
  doi: 10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
– volume: 62
  start-page: 720
  year: 2016
  end-page: 729
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Online, mixed, and offline media multitasking: role of cultural, socio-demographic, and media factors
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.040
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1441
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1449
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040
– volume: 63
  start-page: 119
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  end-page: 124
  ident: CR44
  article-title: The costs of texting in the classroom
  publication-title: College Teaching
  doi: 10.1080/87567555.2015.1019826
– year: 2005
  ident: CR50
  publication-title: Social cognition: understanding self and others
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1883
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1891
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Explicating multitasking with computers: Gratifications and situations
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.006
– volume: 21
  start-page: 142
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  end-page: 153
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Mobiles in class?
  publication-title: Active Learning in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1177/1469787417745214
– volume: 66
  start-page: 543
  issue: 4
  year: 1996
  end-page: 578
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings
  publication-title: Review of Educational Research
  doi: 10.3102/00346543066004543
– volume: 19
  start-page: 440
  issue: 4
  year: 1982
  end-page: 452
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3151718
– volume: 82
  start-page: 141
  year: 2015
  end-page: 151
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Cyber-slacking in the classroom: potential for digital distraction in the new age
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.009
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1661
  issue: 10
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1679
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Mobile phone distraction while studying
  publication-title: New Media & Society
  doi: 10.1177/1461444814531692
– year: 2009
  ident: CR34
  publication-title: The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing
  doi: 10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
– volume: 18
  start-page: 39
  issue: 1
  year: 1981
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3151312
– volume: 94
  start-page: 37
  year: 2016
  end-page: 48
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Forecasting errors in student media multitasking during homework completion
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2015.10.021
– volume: 121
  start-page: 619
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: CR60
  article-title: Preferences don’t have to be personal: expanding attitude theorizing with a cross-cultural perspective
  publication-title: Psychological Review
  doi: 10.1037/a0037666
– volume: 15
  start-page: 13
  year: 2018
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Efficient, helpful, or distracting? A literature review of media multitasking in relation to academic performance
  publication-title: International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z
– volume: 68
  start-page: 286
  year: 2017
  end-page: 291
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Effects of social media usage and social media multitasking on the academic performance of university students
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.043
– volume: 29
  start-page: 948
  issue: 3
  year: 2013
  end-page: 958
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Facebook and texting made me do it: media-induced task-switching while studying
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001
– volume: 25
  start-page: 82
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 91
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Self-efficacy: an essential motive to learn
  publication-title: Contemporary Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1016
– volume: 75
  start-page: 19
  year: 2014
  end-page: 29
  ident: CR11
  article-title: What else do college students “do” while studying? An investigation of multitasking
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.004
– volume: 7
  start-page: 446
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  end-page: 462
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Peer influence, internet use and cyberbullying: a comparison of different context effects among German adolescents
  publication-title: Journal of Children and Media
  doi: 10.1080/17482798.2013.781514
– volume: 54
  start-page: 311
  year: 2010
  end-page: 320
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Laptopers in an educational practice: promoting the personal learning situation
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.07.014
– volume: 21
  start-page: 241
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  end-page: 251
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Examining the affects of student multitasking with laptops during the lecture
  publication-title: Journal of Information Systems Education
– volume: 28
  start-page: 171
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  end-page: 180
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Logged in and zoned out: how laptop internet use relates to classroom learning
  publication-title: Psychological Science
  doi: 10.1177/0956797616677314
– volume: 295
  start-page: 295
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  end-page: 336
  ident: CR16
  article-title: The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling
  publication-title: Modern Methods for Business Research
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2515
  issue: 12
  year: 2003
  end-page: 2535
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Examining the unique effects of multiple motivational sources on task performance
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02778.x
– year: 2000
  ident: CR64
  publication-title: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: the search for optimal motivation and performance
– volume: 16
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  end-page: 109
  ident: CR30
  article-title: A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: tutorial and annotated example
  publication-title: Communications of the Association for Information Systems
  doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.01605
– volume: 40
  start-page: 86
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  end-page: 95
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Yes I can: the contributions of motivation and attitudes on course performance among biology nonmajors
  publication-title: Journal of College Science Teaching
– volume: 62
  start-page: 24
  year: 2013
  end-page: 31
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003
– volume: 86
  start-page: 52
  year: 2018
  end-page: 60
  ident: CR49
  article-title: The effect of cellphones on attention and learning: the influences of time, distraction, and nomophobia
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.027
– volume: 50
  start-page: 31
  year: 2015
  end-page: 41
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Why do we multitask with media? Predictors of media multitasking among Internet users in the United States and Taiwan
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.052
– year: 2021
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Antecedents of smartphone multitasking: roles of demographics, personalities and motivations
  publication-title: Internet Research
  doi: 10.1108/INTR-09-2019-0388
– volume: 28
  start-page: 12
  issue: 3
  year: 1978
  end-page: 29
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Social learning theory of aggression
  publication-title: Journal of Communication
  doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
– year: 1977
  ident: CR8
  publication-title: Social learning theory
– volume: 16
  start-page: 49
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 58
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Examining predictive factors and effects of in-class multitasking with mobile phones
  publication-title: Interactive Technology and Smart Education
  doi: 10.1108/ITSE-08-2018-0056
– volume: 76
  start-page: 450
  year: 2017
  end-page: 462
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Working memory capacity predicts effective multitasking
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.008
– ident: CR6
– volume: 106
  start-page: 56
  year: 2017
  end-page: 72
  ident: CR75
  article-title: The indirect relationship of media multitasking self-efficacy on learning performance within the personal learning environment: Implications from the mechanism of perceived attention problems and self-regulation strategies
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.10.010
– volume: 73
  start-page: 524
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  end-page: 558
  ident: CR18
  article-title: What do we know about the motivation of African American students? Challenging the “anti-intellectual” myth
  publication-title: Harvard Educational Review
  doi: 10.17763/haer.73.4.3618644850123376
– volume: 25
  start-page: 54
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 67
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions
  publication-title: Contemporary Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
– volume: 27
  start-page: 430
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  end-page: 439
  ident: CR2
  article-title: The effects of task difficulty and multitasking on performance
  publication-title: Interacting with Computers
  doi: 10.1093/iwc/iwu005
– volume: 78
  start-page: 78
  year: 2014
  end-page: 86
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Unregulated use of laptops over time in large lecture classes
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.002
– volume: 85
  start-page: 408
  year: 2021
  end-page: 422
  ident: CR58
  article-title: The relation between task-unrelated media multitasking and task-related motivation
  publication-title: Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung
  doi: 10.1007/s00426-019-01246-7
– volume: 14
  start-page: 189
  issue: 2
  year: 2003
  end-page: 217
  ident: CR17
  article-title: A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study
  publication-title: Information Systems Research
  doi: 10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1173
  issue: 6
  year: 1986
  ident: CR9
  article-title: The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
  publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
– volume: 50
  start-page: 248
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  end-page: 287
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Social cognitive theory of self-regulation
  publication-title: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
  doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
– volume: 36
  start-page: 55
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 67
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Laptops and mobile phones at self-study time: examining the mechanism behind interruption and multitasking
  publication-title: Australasian Journal of Educational Technology
  doi: 10.14742/ajet.5048
– volume: 102
  start-page: 214
  year: 2020
  end-page: 222
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Online and face-to-face classroom multitasking and academic performance: moderated mediation with self-efficacy for self-regulated learning and gender
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.018
– volume: 59
  start-page: 505
  year: 2012
  end-page: 514
  ident: CR38
  article-title: No A 4 U: the relationship between multitasking and academic performance
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.023
– volume: 30
  start-page: 553
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  end-page: 571
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Using technology to promote classroom instruction: assessing incidences of on-task and off-task multitasking and learning
  publication-title: Journal of Computing in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1007/s12528-018-9185-1
– volume: 54
  start-page: 34
  year: 2016
  end-page: 42
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Does multitasking with mobile phones affect learning? A review
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.047
– volume: 28
  start-page: 2236
  issue: 6
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2243
  ident: CR37
  article-title: In-class multitasking and academic performance
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.031
– volume: 31
  start-page: 6620
  issue: 18
  year: 2011
  end-page: 6626
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Distractibility in daily life is reflected in the structure and function of human parietal cortex
  publication-title: Journal of Neuroscience
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5864-10.2011
– volume: 81
  start-page: 82
  year: 2015
  end-page: 88
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Learning variables, in-class laptop multitasking and academic performance: a path analysis
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.012
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 15
  ident: CR41
  article-title: An examination of students’ use of technology for non-academic purposes in the college classroom
  publication-title: Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology
  doi: 10.14434/jotlt.v5n1.13781
– volume: 59
  start-page: 475
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  end-page: 496
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Students’ silent messages: can teacher verbal and nonverbal immediacy moderate student use of text messaging in class?
  publication-title: Communication Education
  doi: 10.1080/03634523.2010.496092
– volume: 10
  start-page: 364
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  end-page: 384
  ident: CR36
  article-title: Predictors of multitasking with media: media factors and audience factors
  publication-title: Media Psychology
  doi: 10.1080/15213260701532948
– volume: 36
  start-page: 15
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 23
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Why some people multitask better than others: predicting learning
  publication-title: Information Systems Management
  doi: 10.1080/10580530.2018.1553646
– volume: 56
  start-page: 150
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  end-page: 155
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Reliability reconsidered: Cronbach’s alpha and paediatric assessment in occupational therapy
  publication-title: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x
– volume: 19
  start-page: 117
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  end-page: 129
  ident: CR20
  article-title: The effect of social media multitasking on classroom performance
  publication-title: Active Learning in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1177/1469787417721382
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1742964
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Medical students’ motivation and academic performance: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning engagement
  publication-title: Medical Education Online
  doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1742964
– volume: 17
  start-page: 529
  issue: 6
  year: 2002
  end-page: 536
  ident: CR68
  article-title: The “Belbin” team role inventory: reinterpreting reliability estimates
  publication-title: Journal of Managerial Psychology
  doi: 10.1108/02683940210439432
– volume: 885
  start-page: 10
  issue: 879
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1037
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
– volume: 117
  start-page: 175
  year: 2018
  end-page: 187
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Cell phone usage and academic performance: an experiment
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.10.006
– volume: 50
  start-page: 906
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  end-page: 914
  ident: CR29
  article-title: In-class laptop use and its effects on student learning
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2006.09.006
– volume: 13
  start-page: 251
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  end-page: 258
  ident: CR46
  article-title: College student intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivation and learning
  publication-title: Learning and Individual Differences
  doi: 10.1016/S1041-6080(02)00092-4
– volume: 22
  start-page: 208
  issue: 2
  year: 1985
  end-page: 223
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Self-efficacy and classroom learning
  publication-title: Psychology in the Schools
  doi: 10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<208::AID-PITS2310220215>3.0.CO;2-7
– volume: 30
  start-page: 552
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  end-page: 574
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Intrinsic motivation of Chinese learning in predicting online learning self-efficacy and flow experience relevant to students’ learning progress
  publication-title: Computer Assisted Language Learning
  doi: 10.1080/09588221.2017.1329215
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR70
  article-title: The use and abuse of cell phones and text messaging in the classroom: a survey of college students
  publication-title: College Teaching
  doi: 10.1080/87567555.2011.604802
– volume: 295
  start-page: 295
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  ident: 321_CR16
  publication-title: Modern Methods for Business Research
– volume: 14
  start-page: 189
  issue: 2
  year: 2003
  ident: 321_CR17
  publication-title: Information Systems Research
  doi: 10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
– volume: 45
  start-page: 616
  issue: 5
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR33
  publication-title: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
  doi: 10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
– year: 2020
  ident: 321_CR26
  publication-title: Teaching in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1080/13562517.2020.1724937
– volume: 49
  start-page: 111
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR4
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057
– volume: 9
  start-page: 215824401882450
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 321_CR45
  publication-title: SAGE Open
  doi: 10.1177/2158244018824505
– volume: 85
  start-page: 408
  year: 2021
  ident: 321_CR58
  publication-title: Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung
  doi: 10.1007/s00426-019-01246-7
– volume: 66
  start-page: 543
  issue: 4
  year: 1996
  ident: 321_CR52
  publication-title: Review of Educational Research
  doi: 10.3102/00346543066004543
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2515
  issue: 12
  year: 2003
  ident: 321_CR13
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02778.x
– volume-title: Psychometric theory
  year: 1994
  ident: 321_CR51
– volume: 28
  start-page: 171
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR59
  publication-title: Psychological Science
  doi: 10.1177/0956797616677314
– volume: 75
  start-page: 19
  year: 2014
  ident: 321_CR11
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.004
– volume: 21
  start-page: 241
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: 321_CR42
  publication-title: Journal of Information Systems Education
– volume: 63
  start-page: 119
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR44
  publication-title: College Teaching
  doi: 10.1080/87567555.2015.1019826
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1661
  issue: 10
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR19
  publication-title: New Media & Society
  doi: 10.1177/1461444814531692
– volume-title: Social cognition: understanding self and others
  year: 2005
  ident: 321_CR50
– volume: 50
  start-page: 31
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR40
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.052
– volume: 94
  start-page: 37
  year: 2016
  ident: 321_CR12
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2015.10.021
– volume: 82
  start-page: 33
  issue: 1
  year: 1990
  ident: 321_CR54
  publication-title: Journal of Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
– volume: 58
  start-page: 365
  year: 2012
  ident: 321_CR73
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.029
– volume: 27
  start-page: 430
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR2
  publication-title: Interacting with Computers
  doi: 10.1093/iwc/iwu005
– volume-title: The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing
  year: 2009
  ident: 321_CR34
  doi: 10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
– volume: 102
  start-page: 214
  year: 2020
  ident: 321_CR3
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.018
– volume: 19
  start-page: 117
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 321_CR20
  publication-title: Active Learning in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1177/1469787417721382
– volume: 68
  start-page: 286
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR43
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.043
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 321_CR70
  publication-title: College Teaching
  doi: 10.1080/87567555.2011.604802
– volume: 28
  start-page: 12
  issue: 3
  year: 1978
  ident: 321_CR5
  publication-title: Journal of Communication
  doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
– volume: 54
  start-page: 34
  year: 2016
  ident: 321_CR14
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.047
– year: 2021
  ident: 321_CR15
  publication-title: Internet Research
  doi: 10.1108/INTR-09-2019-0388
– volume: 11
  start-page: 5
  issue: 3
  year: 2010
  ident: 321_CR31
  publication-title: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application
– volume: 117
  start-page: 175
  year: 2018
  ident: 321_CR24
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.10.006
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1441
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 321_CR1
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.040
– volume: 81
  start-page: 82
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR76
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.012
– volume: 30
  start-page: 552
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR35
  publication-title: Computer Assisted Language Learning
  doi: 10.1080/09588221.2017.1329215
– volume: 15
  start-page: 13
  year: 2018
  ident: 321_CR48
  publication-title: International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1186/s41239-018-0096-z
– volume: 22
  start-page: 208
  issue: 2
  year: 1985
  ident: 321_CR65
  publication-title: Psychology in the Schools
  doi: 10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<208::AID-PITS2310220215>3.0.CO;2-7
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1883
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: 321_CR77
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.006
– volume: 86
  start-page: 52
  year: 2018
  ident: 321_CR49
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.027
– ident: 321_CR6
– volume: 40
  start-page: 86
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  ident: 321_CR53
  publication-title: Journal of College Science Teaching
– volume: 21
  start-page: 142
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 321_CR23
  publication-title: Active Learning in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1177/1469787417745214
– volume: 59
  start-page: 505
  year: 2012
  ident: 321_CR38
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.023
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1173
  issue: 6
  year: 1986
  ident: 321_CR9
  publication-title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
– volume: 16
  start-page: 49
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 321_CR22
  publication-title: Interactive Technology and Smart Education
  doi: 10.1108/ITSE-08-2018-0056
– volume: 54
  start-page: 311
  year: 2010
  ident: 321_CR47
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.07.014
– volume: 19
  start-page: 440
  issue: 4
  year: 1982
  ident: 321_CR27
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3151718
– volume: 16
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 321_CR30
  publication-title: Communications of the Association for Information Systems
  doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.01605
– volume: 13
  start-page: 251
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 321_CR46
  publication-title: Learning and Individual Differences
  doi: 10.1016/S1041-6080(02)00092-4
– volume: 106
  start-page: 56
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR75
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.10.010
– volume-title: Social learning theory
  year: 1977
  ident: 321_CR8
– volume: 7
  start-page: 446
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 321_CR25
  publication-title: Journal of Children and Media
  doi: 10.1080/17482798.2013.781514
– volume: 62
  start-page: 24
  year: 2013
  ident: 321_CR63
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003
– volume: 50
  start-page: 248
  issue: 2
  year: 1991
  ident: 321_CR7
  publication-title: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
  doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
– volume: 885
  start-page: 10
  issue: 879
  year: 2003
  ident: 321_CR55
  publication-title: Journal of Applied Psychology
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
– volume: 17
  start-page: 529
  issue: 6
  year: 2002
  ident: 321_CR68
  publication-title: Journal of Managerial Psychology
  doi: 10.1108/02683940210439432
– volume: 29
  start-page: 948
  issue: 3
  year: 2013
  ident: 321_CR61
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001
– volume: 18
  start-page: 39
  issue: 1
  year: 1981
  ident: 321_CR28
  publication-title: Journal of Marketing Research
  doi: 10.2307/3151312
– volume-title: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: the search for optimal motivation and performance
  year: 2000
  ident: 321_CR64
– volume: 76
  start-page: 450
  year: 2017
  ident: 321_CR56
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.008
– volume: 10
  start-page: 364
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  ident: 321_CR36
  publication-title: Media Psychology
  doi: 10.1080/15213260701532948
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 321_CR41
  publication-title: Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology
  doi: 10.14434/jotlt.v5n1.13781
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1742964
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 321_CR74
  publication-title: Medical Education Online
  doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1742964
– volume: 78
  start-page: 78
  year: 2014
  ident: 321_CR57
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.002
– volume: 36
  start-page: 55
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 321_CR21
  publication-title: Australasian Journal of Educational Technology
  doi: 10.14742/ajet.5048
– volume: 56
  start-page: 150
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: 321_CR66
  publication-title: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00785.x
– volume: 82
  start-page: 141
  year: 2015
  ident: 321_CR69
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.009
– volume: 21
  start-page: 166
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 321_CR10
  publication-title: Journal of Research on Adolescence
  doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x
– volume: 30
  start-page: 553
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 321_CR72
  publication-title: Journal of Computing in Higher Education
  doi: 10.1007/s12528-018-9185-1
– volume: 121
  start-page: 619
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 321_CR60
  publication-title: Psychological Review
  doi: 10.1037/a0037666
– volume: 59
  start-page: 475
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  ident: 321_CR71
  publication-title: Communication Education
  doi: 10.1080/03634523.2010.496092
– volume: 36
  start-page: 15
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 321_CR32
  publication-title: Information Systems Management
  doi: 10.1080/10580530.2018.1553646
– volume: 25
  start-page: 54
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: 321_CR62
  publication-title: Contemporary Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
– volume: 73
  start-page: 524
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 321_CR18
  publication-title: Harvard Educational Review
  doi: 10.17763/haer.73.4.3618644850123376
– volume: 50
  start-page: 906
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  ident: 321_CR29
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2006.09.006
– volume: 28
  start-page: 2236
  issue: 6
  year: 2012
  ident: 321_CR37
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.031
– volume: 25
  start-page: 82
  issue: 1
  year: 2000
  ident: 321_CR78
  publication-title: Contemporary Educational Psychology
  doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1016
– volume: 31
  start-page: 6620
  issue: 18
  year: 2011
  ident: 321_CR39
  publication-title: Journal of Neuroscience
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5864-10.2011
– volume: 62
  start-page: 720
  year: 2016
  ident: 321_CR67
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.040
SSID ssj0001922382
Score 2.2755759
Snippet Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside university...
Abstract Framed by social learning theory, the study examines a set of personal and social factors determining off-task social media multitasking inside...
SourceID doaj
proquest
eric
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Academic Achievement
Classrooms
College Students
Colleges & universities
Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Computer Science
Computers and Education
Digital media
Educational Technology
Foreign Countries
Higher Education
Humanities
Incentives
Individual Characteristics
Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)
Laptop Computers
Law
Learner Engagement
Learning Theories
Learning theory
Lecture Method
Literature Reviews
Motivation
Multitasking
Peer Influence
Preferences
Psychological Needs
Research Article
Self Efficacy
Self Motivation
Social factors
Social Media
Social networks
Statistics for Social Sciences
Student Behavior
Student Motivation
Student Participation
Students
Time Factors (Learning)
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LSwMxEA7iyYv4xNUqOXjT4L7yWG8qLVJQLwoehJBsEvBVxdb_70yyrVVQL96WbLKEmUnyTXbmG0L2lSvzxvvAQiUsg13SM2XAS4FtwRe5d7xweDVwcSnOb-rhLb-dK_WFMWGJHjgJ7gjwfGulsD63tuYmb6wJUjS-8gbJy-Pumzf5nDP1kHALnEXlNEtGiaNxDXt0wzB4HQy5LFjx5SSKhP3fY54RbH77PxqPncEKWe7wIj1J81wlC360hqWWu7CMdXJ3FQKbmPEjTdffNOaC0BgoiM3wVZpyEWmLSPmYui4CBpu6cjvUjFwaiFHQ8IT5wPfj5w1yM-hfn52zrmQCazkvJyxYYywHJ0iGoBx4U07gogYUyJUF2VkZmtrxoGzdGAkCzF3Nm7JoufS-krLaJIujl5HfIlQhEYxRpTVO1ACrlJA1soMB3lC5lCYjxVR8uu34xLGsxZOOfoUSOolcg8h1FLkuMnIwG_Oa2DR-7X2KWpn1RCbs2AD2oTv70H_ZR0Y2Uaezj_SH4JUj8MtIb6pl3a3bsS4BsCHiqXhGDqea_3z981y3_2OuO2SpjAZasUL0yOLk7d3vAuaZ2L1o3h-ebPiI
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3NT90wDI82dtllgm1oHR_KYbctokmbj3JBbOINIQ0uQ-IwKUqaZJrG3gP6-P-x0_Q9DQluVZpEbezYPzuOTcgnE0TdxZhYapRnICUjMw6sFBALkdcxSB7QNfDjXJ1etmdX8qo43IYSVjnJxCyow6JHH_mBAFWKuqiRRze3DKtG4elqKaHxkrzioGmQz83s-9rH0oHyM2K6K2PUwdCCpO4YhrADOwvO-H_6KKftfxz5jJDz0SlpVj6zTfKmoEZ6PJJ5i7yI87dYcLkEZ7wjvy5SYks3_KWjE5zmGyE0hwtiM8xKxxuJtEe8fEhDiYPBplJ0h7p5GAdiLDQ84a3gP8O_9-RydvLz2ykrhRNYL6VYsuSd8xJMIZ2SCWBTBYVbG7CgNL7uvNepa4NMxred0wA66tDKTvBe6hgbrZttsjFfzOMHQg2mg3FGeBdUC-DKKN1ijjBAHabW2lWET8tn-5JVHItbXNtsXRhlxyW3sOQ2L7nlFfm8GnMz5tR4tvdXpMqqJ-bDzg2Lu9-2bC8LVl_vtfKx9r6VDv7RJa262ESHKe5FRbaRpqtJTs7ANkf4V5Hdicq27N7BrnmtIl8myq9fP_2tH5-fbYe8Fpn1GsbVLtlY3t3HPcA0S7-fGfcBshrvlA
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Off-task social media multitasking during class: determining factors and mediating mechanism
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41239-022-00321-1
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1330250
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2639124435
https://doaj.org/article/716cb76be0bb45a09baf769e3ea06622
Volume 19
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB7R9sKFx0JFoEQ-cAOLxIkf4UZXu1QVFISo1AOSZa9tCQELYhfx95lxnC1UgMQtcey8Zsb-ZjwPgEcmiGaIMfHUKc9xlozcONRScFqIbRODbAOZBl6dqZPz_vRCXpQ0ORQL8-v-fWvU002PU-vAyecc-U-0HDWdA9l2Km_MqvmlPWXAhc6IKS7mj0N_W3tyiv6rXs4EL6_siOaFZnkLbhSEyJ6PJL0N1-J6Bjen6gusCOOM6i0X34wZ7L10P-7A-9cp8a3bfGSjJZzlsBCWfQapGR_HxrBEtiLQ_IyF4gxDTaXyDnPrMA4kh2g8otDgD5vPd-F8uXg3P-GlegJfSSm2PHnnvER9SKdkAipWQZF8IyCUxjeD9zoNfZDJ-H5wGpFHE3o5iHYldYyd1t0h7K-_rOM9YIZywjgjvAuqR4RllO4pURhCD9No7Spop_9qVyW1OFW4-GSzimGUHWlhkRY208K2FTzejfk6Jtb4Z-9jIteuJyXFzg3IK7bImEXVb-W18rHxvpcOv9ElrYbYRUd57kUFh0Ts3U0Wp6igEwas4Ggivy0ivLECsRuBn05W8GRiicvLf3_X-__X_QFcF5lHO96qI9jffvseHyLQ2foa9szyRQ0Hx4uzN2_xbC76OnN9nU0HdVb2fwJejfUg
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtR3LbtQwcFS2B7ggXhWBAjnACawmTvwIEkIUttq-FoRaqQck145thIDd0ixC_BTfyEweu6ISvfUWObaVzIzn5XkAPNWeZ1UIkcVCOoZcMjBt0UpBthDyLHiRe3INHE7l5LjcOxEna_BnyIWhsMqBJ7aM2s9r8pFvcRSlJIsK8frsB6OuUXS7OrTQ6MhiP_z-hSZb82r3HeL3Gec746O3E9Z3FWC1EHzBorPWCbQTVIzao8HhJdE9KkpCu6xyTsWq9CJqV1ZWoUTOfCkqntdChVAoVeC-12C9pIzWEaxvj6cfPq68OhWKW82H7Bwtt5oSZUPFKGgeDxDPWf6PBGwbBVyMtSYl98K9bCvudm7BzV5PTd90hHUb1sLsDrV47sNB7sKn9zGyhW2-pp3bPW1zUNI2QJGGcde0y4FMa9LQX6a-j7yhob7NT2pnvltI0df4RHnIX5rv9-D4SoC6AaPZfBbuQ6qpAI3V3FkvS1TntFQlVSVDPUdnStkE8gF8pu7rmFM7jW-mtWe0NB3IDYLctCA3eQLPl2vOuioel87eJqwsZ1IF7nZgfv7Z9AfaoJ1ZOyVdyJwrhcV_tFHJKhTBUlF9nsAG4XS5yXgvLwpSOBPYHLBsen7RmBV1J_BiwPzq9f-_9cHluz2B65OjwwNzsDvdfwg3eEuGBcvlJowW5z_DI9SoFu5xT8YpnF71yfkLe_0s-g
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtR3JbtQw1CpFQlwQW0WggA9wAmsSJ96QEALaoQsUDlTqAcm1YxshYKY0gxC_xtfxnpPMiEr01lvk2Fby9me_hZBHOvDSxJhYqqVnICUj0w68FBALsSpjEFXAo4F3B3LnsNk7Ekdr5M-YC4NhlaNMzII6zFs8I59wUKWoi2oxSUNYxIet6YuTHww7SOFN69hOoyeR_fj7F7hv3fPdLcD1Y86n2x9f77ChwwBrheALlrxzXoDPoFLSAZyPIJEHwGgS2pfGe5VME0TSvjFOgXYuQyMMr1qhYqyVqmHfS-SyqpVBx09P36zOdwwoXs3HPB0tJ10DWsIwDJ8HVuIVq_7RhbllwNmoazR3z9zQZsU3vU6uDRYrfdmT2A2yFmc3sdnzEBhyi3x6nxJbuO4r7Q_gac5GoTlUEYdhV9pnQ9IWbfVnNAwxODg0NPyhbhb6hRiHDU-Ykfyl-36bHF4ISDfI-mw-i3cI1ViKxmnuXZANGHZaqgbrk4HFo0ulXEGqEXy2HSqaY2ONbzZ7NlraHuQWQG4zyG1VkCfLNSd9PY9zZ79CrCxnYi3uPDA__WwH1rbgcbZeSR9L7xvh4B9dUtLEOjosr88LsoE4XW6yvVfVNZqeBdkcsWwHydHZFZ0X5OmI-dXr_3_r3fN3e0iuAL_Yt7sH-_fIVZ6psGaV3CTri9Of8T6YVgv_INMwJccXzTR_AYa-L8o
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Off-task+social+media+multitasking+during+class%3A+determining+factors+and+mediating+mechanism&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Educational+Technology+in+Higher+Education&rft.au=Deng%2C+Liping&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Yujie&rft.au=Hu%2C+Qingchun&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.eissn=2365-9440&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs41239-022-00321-1&rft.externalDocID=10_1186_s41239_022_00321_1
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2365-9440&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2365-9440&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2365-9440&client=summon