Reelin Promoter Hypermethylation in Schizophrenia
Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by ≈50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 102; no. 26; pp. 9341 - 9346 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
28.06.2005
National Acad Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by ≈50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and -139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. |
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| AbstractList | Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by ≈50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. DNA methyltransferase epigenetics gene regulation methylation psychiatric disorder Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by ≈50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by approximately 50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by {approx}50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by approximately 50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status.Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by approximately 50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar illness with psychosis. In addition, the mRNA encoding the methylating enzyme, DNA methyltransferase 1, is up-regulated in the same neurons that coexpress reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. We have analyzed the extent and pattern of methylation within the CpG island of the reelin promoter in genomic DNA isolated from cortices of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects. Ten (The Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium) and five (Harvard Brain Collection) schizophrenia patients and an equal number of nonpsychiatric subjects were selected from each brain collection. Genomic DNA was isolated, amplified (from base pair -527 to base pair +322) after bisulphite treatment, and sequenced. The results show that within the promoter region there were interesting regional variations. There was increased methylation at positions -134 and 139, which is particularly important for regulation, because this portion of the promoter is functionally competent based on transient transfection assays. This promoter region binds a protein present in neuronal precursor nuclear extracts that express very low levels of reelin mRNA; i.e., an oligonucleotide corresponding to this region and that contains methylated cytosines binds more tightly to extracts from nonexpressing cells than the nonmethylated counterpart. Collectively, the data show that this promoter region has positive and negative properties and that the function of this complex cis element relates to its methylation status. |
| Author | Sharma, Rajiv P. Jia, Xiaomei Grayson, Dennis R. Chen, Ying Mitchell, Colin P. Guidotti, Alessandro Costa, Erminio |
| AuthorAffiliation | Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dennis R. surname: Grayson fullname: Grayson, Dennis R. – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaomei surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Xiaomei – sequence: 3 givenname: Ying surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ying – sequence: 4 givenname: Rajiv P. surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Rajiv P. – sequence: 5 givenname: Colin P. surname: Mitchell fullname: Mitchell, Colin P. – sequence: 6 givenname: Alessandro surname: Guidotti fullname: Guidotti, Alessandro – sequence: 7 givenname: Erminio surname: Costa fullname: Costa, Erminio |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961543$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 Abbreviations: Dnmt, DNA methyl transferase; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; NPS, nonpsychiatric subject(s); NT2, Ntera 2; RA, retinoic acid; SZP, schizophrenia patient(s). Author contributions: D.R.G., A.G., and E.C. designed research; D.R.G., X.J., Y.C., R.P.S., and C.P.M. performed research; D.R.G. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.R.G., X.J., and Y.C. analyzed data; and D.R.G. wrote the paper. Contributed by Erminio Costa, May 10, 2005 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dgrayson@psych.uic.edu. |
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| Snippet | Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by ≈50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar... Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by approximately 50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia... Reelin mRNA and protein levels are reduced by {approx}50% in various cortical structures of postmortem brain from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or... |
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| SubjectTerms | Binding, Competitive Biological Sciences Brain Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal - genetics Cell extracts Cell lines CpG Islands Cytosine - chemistry Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA - chemistry DNA Methylation Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics Gene Expression Regulation Genes, Reporter Genomics Humans Kinetics Mental disorders Messenger RNA Methylation Models, Genetic Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics Neurons Oligonucleotides Oligonucleotides - chemistry Promoter regions Promoter Regions, Genetic Proteins Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA, Messenger - metabolism Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Serine Endopeptidases - genetics Sulfites - pharmacology Time Factors Transfection |
| Title | Reelin Promoter Hypermethylation in Schizophrenia |
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