Leadership in elephants: the adaptive value of age
The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social sy...
Saved in:
| Published in | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Vol. 278; no. 1722; pp. 3270 - 3276 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
The Royal Society
07.11.2011
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. Here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in African elephants (Loxodonta africana), age affects the ability of matriarchs to make ecologically relevant decisions in a domain critical to survival—the assessment of predatory threat. While groups consistently adjust their defensive behaviour to the greater threat of three roaring lions versus one, families with younger matriarchs typically under-react to roars from male lions despite the severe danger they represent. Sensitivity to this key threat increases with matriarch age and is greatest for the oldest matriarchs, who are likely to have accumulated the most experience. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that individuals within a social group may derive significant benefits from the influence of an older leader because of their enhanced ability to make crucial decisions about predatory threat, generating important insights into selection for longevity in cognitively advanced social mammals. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. Here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in African elephants (Loxodonta africana), age affects the ability of matriarchs to make ecologically relevant decisions in a domain critical to survival the assessment of predatory threat. While groups consistently adjust their defensive behaviour to the greater threat of three roaring lions versus one, families with younger matriarchs typically under-react to roars from male lions despite the severe danger they represent. Sensitivity to this key threat increases with matriarch age and is greatest for the oldest matriarchs, who are likely to have accumulated the most experience. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that individuals within a social group may derive significant benefits from the influence of an older leader because of their enhanced ability to make crucial decisions about predatory threat, generating important insights into selection for longevity in cognitively advanced social mammals. The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. Here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ), age affects the ability of matriarchs to make ecologically relevant decisions in a domain critical to survival—the assessment of predatory threat. While groups consistently adjust their defensive behaviour to the greater threat of three roaring lions versus one, families with younger matriarchs typically under-react to roars from male lions despite the severe danger they represent. Sensitivity to this key threat increases with matriarch age and is greatest for the oldest matriarchs, who are likely to have accumulated the most experience. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that individuals within a social group may derive significant benefits from the influence of an older leader because of their enhanced ability to make crucial decisions about predatory threat, generating important insights into selection for longevity in cognitively advanced social mammals. The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. Here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in African elephants (Loxodonta africana), age affects the ability of matriarchs to make ecologically relevant decisions in a domain critical to survival-the assessment of predatory threat. While groups consistently adjust their defensive behaviour to the greater threat of three roaring lions versus one, families with younger matriarchs typically under-react to roars from male lions despite the severe danger they represent. Sensitivity to this key threat increases with matriarch age and is greatest for the oldest matriarchs, who are likely to have accumulated the most experience. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that individuals within a social group may derive significant benefits from the influence of an older leader because of their enhanced ability to make crucial decisions about predatory threat, generating important insights into selection for longevity in cognitively advanced social mammals.The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? Despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. Here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in African elephants (Loxodonta africana), age affects the ability of matriarchs to make ecologically relevant decisions in a domain critical to survival-the assessment of predatory threat. While groups consistently adjust their defensive behaviour to the greater threat of three roaring lions versus one, families with younger matriarchs typically under-react to roars from male lions despite the severe danger they represent. Sensitivity to this key threat increases with matriarch age and is greatest for the oldest matriarchs, who are likely to have accumulated the most experience. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that individuals within a social group may derive significant benefits from the influence of an older leader because of their enhanced ability to make crucial decisions about predatory threat, generating important insights into selection for longevity in cognitively advanced social mammals. |
| Author | Durant, Sarah M. Shannon, Graeme Poole, Joyce McComb, Karen Moss, Cynthia Sayialel, Katito Slotow, Rob |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 ElephantVoices, Buskhellinga 3, 3236 Sandefjord , Norway 2 Institute of Zoology , Zoological Society of London , Regents Park, London NW1 4RY , UK 1 Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research , School of Psychology, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH , UK 3 Amboseli Elephant Research Project, Amboseli Trust for Elephants, PO Box 15135, Langata 00509, Nairobi , Kenya 4 Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000 , South Africa |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research , School of Psychology, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH , UK – name: 3 Amboseli Elephant Research Project, Amboseli Trust for Elephants, PO Box 15135, Langata 00509, Nairobi , Kenya – name: 2 Institute of Zoology , Zoological Society of London , Regents Park, London NW1 4RY , UK – name: 4 Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000 , South Africa – name: 5 ElephantVoices, Buskhellinga 3, 3236 Sandefjord , Norway |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Karen surname: McComb fullname: McComb, Karen email: karenm@sussex.ac.uk organization: Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Graeme surname: Shannon fullname: Shannon, Graeme email: karenm@sussex.ac.uk organization: Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarah M. surname: Durant fullname: Durant, Sarah M. organization: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Katito surname: Sayialel fullname: Sayialel, Katito organization: Amboseli Elephant Research Project, Amboseli Trust for Elephants, PO Box 15135, Langata 00509, Nairobi, Kenya – sequence: 5 givenname: Rob surname: Slotow fullname: Slotow, Rob organization: Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa – sequence: 6 givenname: Joyce surname: Poole fullname: Poole, Joyce organization: Amboseli Elephant Research Project, Amboseli Trust for Elephants, PO Box 15135, Langata 00509, Nairobi, Kenya – sequence: 7 givenname: Cynthia surname: Moss fullname: Moss, Cynthia organization: Amboseli Elephant Research Project, Amboseli Trust for Elephants, PO Box 15135, Langata 00509, Nairobi, Kenya |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21411454$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kc1v1DAUxC1URLeFKzdQbvSSxd-xOSBBBRQpEpdSjpbXeel6ycbB9q7Y_74JKStAKifbmt88zfOcoZM-9IDQc4KXBGv1OqZhtaSYkCUmUj1CC8IrUlLNxQlaYC1pqbigp-gspQ3GWAslnqBTSjghXPAFojXYBmJa-6HwfQEdDGvb5_SmyGsobGOH7PdQ7G23gyK0hb2Fp-hxa7sEz-7Pc_T144fry6uy_vLp8-W7unRC0FxKbCV2ijsllK6Y4M5aR5ltaIXbVjoAYFpb50S7qqpG6la2lAopgPLxDuwcvZ3nDrvVFhoHfY62M0P0WxsPJlhv_lZ6vza3YW8YkRpTPg54dT8ghh87SNlsfXLQdbaHsEtGaa6I4ngiL_5LEimZEJxpOqIv_0x1jPP7S0dgOQMuhpQitEeEYDN1ZqbOzNSZmTobDfwfg_PZZh-mrXz3sI3NthgOYw3BecgHswm72I_Ph10vZtcm5RCP0ThhROBfejnrPmX4edRt_G5kxSphbhQ39Oabrt9fX5ma3QGSgsUB |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_67314_w crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2014_1045 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2023_09_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2019_05_021 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1403064111 crossref_primary_10_3109_10253890_2012_668589 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0025315413001707 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2023_0187 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani13030483 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_018_2499_1 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_70742_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41745_021_00226_4 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0064 crossref_primary_10_1111_cobi_12679 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0461 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_150222 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2018_11_005 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0464 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsbl_2021_0643 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2021_1129 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0469 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0030605314000635 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_17767 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0032335 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2018_05_013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10764_023_00394_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42991_022_00334_3 crossref_primary_10_1093_conphys_cot025 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevE_109_034601 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_theriogenology_2017_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12983_014_0054_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2013_08_005 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2019_0500 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2017_0038 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_57191_3 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2021_1374 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2015_02_002 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_14712_2 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_ado2705 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsbl_2020_0384 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2014_1700 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tree_2021_04_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2015_01_037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conb_2014_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1111_csp2_333 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12983_016_0185_6 crossref_primary_10_3934_math_20231071 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2018_0286 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11092718 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajpa_23058 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42991_022_00257_z crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2023_0139 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_016_2238_4 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_150518 crossref_primary_10_1093_jmammal_gyx023 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1755_263X_2012_00224_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2018_00122 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani14243601 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arz069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2015_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_02481 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_ecolsys_011720_124613 crossref_primary_10_1186_1742_9994_10_62 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blz078 crossref_primary_10_1111_acv_12309 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2664_14388 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1321543111 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arad095 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2018_06_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2014_04_017 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arac041 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0527 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marenvres_2013_10_007 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arx059 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_11448 crossref_primary_10_1111_eth_13025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoser_2022_101488 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11102886 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2021_06_008 crossref_primary_10_1080_10911359_2013_813417 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2015_08_016 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X15000977 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2023_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2012_11_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani12081018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leaqua_2015_12_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2013_10_007 crossref_primary_10_1038_472424a crossref_primary_10_1038_s41559_022_01872_2 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2023_1729 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tree_2015_04_011 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2016_01147 crossref_primary_10_17159_sajs_2016_20150058 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10764_011_9564_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leaqua_2018_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2656_70019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10164_023_00790_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2023_11_014 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2015_1766 crossref_primary_10_1111_aje_12173 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1212698109 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_160739 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2018_0080 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_3081 crossref_primary_10_1163_1568539X_00003301 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_8712 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2013_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2012_04_034 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2024_0597 crossref_primary_10_1002_wsb_652 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13420_024_00655_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2019_00062 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2019_00183 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_024_05782_w crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_70682_y crossref_primary_10_1038_srep38322 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2021_0141 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10344_018_1175_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leaqua_2020_101404 crossref_primary_10_1111_mam_12106 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12110_016_9264_9 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_80946_2 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecm_1348 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arad062 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsbl_2013_0518 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2015_0002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2022_104713 crossref_primary_10_1071_WR20175 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2013_12_020 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2018_0062 crossref_primary_10_1111_mms_12338 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevE_90_042135 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2014_3042 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0214531 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_015_2051_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2017_10_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2017_10_017 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_41958_w crossref_primary_10_3354_esr00584 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2013_08_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_08504 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jevs_2017_01_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2016_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0064778 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_applanim_2017_09_014 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsfs_2013_0029 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani12040495 crossref_primary_10_1111_mms_12343 crossref_primary_10_3354_esr00618 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcosc_2022_910358 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_leaqua_2018_09_005 crossref_primary_10_1093_beheco_arw153 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2015_07_033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2019_09_001 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep27213 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_021_02048_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beproc_2022_104708 crossref_primary_10_1071_WR18163 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1010908 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2021_698370 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jagp_2018_07_009 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2018_0074 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tree_2018_03_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_019_04391_3 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsfs_2011_0090 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2021_724887 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0089403 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_017_2277_5 crossref_primary_10_1086_673253 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2019_09_010 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani12070849 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_012_1466_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2020_00096 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2014_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1163_1568539X_00003431 crossref_primary_10_24072_pcjournal_31 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anbehav_2011_09_017 crossref_primary_10_1111_csp2_306 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0059 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.062-89062.x 10.1006/anbe.1998.0884 10.1038/nature02367 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0519 10.1038/nature01294 10.1093/beheco/7.1.55 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.027 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01433.x 10.1038/nature03236 10.1007/s00265-009-0740-7 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.03.006 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00823.x 10.1073/pnas.1001715107 10.1017/S0952836901001212 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.060 10.1126/science.1057895 10.1006/anbe.1994.1052 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00957.x 10.3377/004.044.0104 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00771.x 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0350:FYEARD]2.0.CO;2 10.1016/j.tree.2005.09.003 10.1086/596532 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00181.x 10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7 10.1098/rspb.2007.1028 10.1098/rspb.2010.0988 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00626.x 10.1016/j.anbehav.2002.12.007 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.048 10.1017/S0952836901000395 10.1121/1.2722507 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_5 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.11.021 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.018 10.7208/chicago/9780226542263.003.0016 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0370 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society 2011 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society – notice: This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society – notice: This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society 2011 |
| DBID | BSCLL AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7S9 L.6 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1098/rspb.2011.0168 |
| DatabaseName | Istex CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) Biology |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Leadership in elephants |
| EISSN | 1471-2945 1471-2954 |
| EndPage | 3276 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC3169024 21411454 10_1098_rspb_2011_0168 41315068 ark_67375_V84_2VW9LBTH_L |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Kenya |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Kenya |
| GroupedDBID | --- -~X 0R~ 0VX 29P 2WC 36Y 4.4 5RE 85S AACGO AANCE ABBHK ABPLY ABTLG ABXSQ ACIWK ACNCT ACPRK ACQIA ADACV ADBBV ADIYS ADULT AEUPB AEXZC AFRAH AJZGM ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALMYZ AOIJS AQVQM BAWUL BGBPD BSCLL BTFSW CS3 DCCCD DIK DOOOF E3Z EBS EJD F5P FRP GX1 H13 HTVGU HYE HZ~ IPSME JAAYA JBMMH JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLS JLXEF JPM JSG JSODD JST K-O KQ8 MRS O9- OK1 OP1 RHF RPM RRY SA0 TR2 V1E W8F ~02 ACHIC ACRPL ADNMO ADQXQ AGPVY AGQPQ ABPTK ADZLD DNJUQ DWIUU AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7S9 L.6 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c552t-60a60c84c85897354caac23ad270ff6ceee399acc5fb77d69f6f22565e249f6e3 |
| ISSN | 0962-8452 1471-2954 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:15:57 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 01:05:34 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 11:20:51 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:00:45 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:06:48 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:54 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 17 02:37:10 EST 2024 Thu Jul 03 21:37:57 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 30 09:38:16 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1722 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c552t-60a60c84c85897354caac23ad270ff6ceee399acc5fb77d69f6f22565e249f6e3 |
| Notes | href:rspb20110168.pdf ark:/67375/V84-2VW9LBTH-L ArticleID:rspb20110168 istex:39DACB8183C20C7C3A361626F905FE836A90C877 These authors contributed equally to the study. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 21411454 |
| PQID | 1663554392 |
| PQPubID | 24069 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1663554392 royalsociety_journals_10_1098_rspb_2011_0168 jstor_primary_41315068 istex_primary_ark_67375_V84_2VW9LBTH_L crossref_citationtrail_10_1098_rspb_2011_0168 pubmed_primary_21411454 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3169024 proquest_miscellaneous_894818404 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspb_2011_0168 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2011-11-07 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2011-11-07 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2011 text: 2011-11-07 day: 07 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Proc. R. Soc. B |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Proc. R. Soc. B |
| PublicationYear | 2011 |
| Publisher | The Royal Society |
| Publisher_xml | – name: The Royal Society |
| References | e_1_3_2_26_2 e_1_3_2_27_2 e_1_3_2_48_2 e_1_3_2_29_2 Greve W. (e_1_3_2_12_2) 2009; 2 e_1_3_2_41_2 Owen-Smith R. N. (e_1_3_2_28_2) 1992 e_1_3_2_40_2 e_1_3_2_20_2 e_1_3_2_43_2 e_1_3_2_21_2 e_1_3_2_22_2 Packer C. (e_1_3_2_42_2) 1988 e_1_3_2_45_2 e_1_3_2_23_2 e_1_3_2_44_2 e_1_3_2_24_2 e_1_3_2_47_2 e_1_3_2_25_2 Sukumar R. (e_1_3_2_46_2) 1992 Moss C. (e_1_3_2_33_2) 1996 e_1_3_2_9_2 e_1_3_2_15_2 e_1_3_2_8_2 e_1_3_2_16_2 e_1_3_2_37_2 e_1_3_2_7_2 e_1_3_2_17_2 e_1_3_2_6_2 e_1_3_2_39_2 e_1_3_2_19_2 e_1_3_2_30_2 e_1_3_2_10_2 Caro T. (e_1_3_2_18_2) 2005 e_1_3_2_31_2 e_1_3_2_5_2 e_1_3_2_11_2 e_1_3_2_34_2 e_1_3_2_4_2 e_1_3_2_3_2 e_1_3_2_13_2 e_1_3_2_36_2 e_1_3_2_2_2 e_1_3_2_14_2 e_1_3_2_35_2 Moss C. (e_1_3_2_32_2) 1988 Laws R. M. (e_1_3_2_38_2) 1975 9933529 - Anim Behav. 1998 Dec;56(6):1333-1345 15690039 - Nature. 2005 Feb 3;433(7025):513-6 16701451 - Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Dec;20(12):650 19026539 - Curr Biol. 2008 Dec 9;18(23):1833-8 17148274 - Biol Lett. 2006 Dec 22;2(4):505-8 19199520 - Am Nat. 2009 Mar;173(3):304-12 20350591 - Behav Processes. 2010 Jul;84(3):671-4 17201593 - Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2006;10(4):354-71 15014499 - Nature. 2004 Mar 11;428(6979):178-81 18682358 - Biol Lett. 2008 Oct 23;4(5):541-4 19825357 - Curr Biol. 2009 Oct 13;19(19):R911-6 17552741 - J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Jun;121(6):3947-53 12520299 - Nature. 2003 Jan 9;421(6919):155-8 20368436 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 20;107(16):7246-50 17949977 - Curr Biol. 2007 Nov 20;17(22):1938-42 17878141 - Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Dec 7;274(1628):2943-9 20591868 - Proc Biol Sci. 2010 Dec 22;277(1701):3765-71 11313492 - Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):491-4 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_2_41_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.062-89062.x – ident: e_1_3_2_27_2 doi: 10.1006/anbe.1998.0884 – ident: e_1_3_2_47_2 doi: 10.1038/nature02367 – volume: 2 start-page: 213 year: 2009 ident: e_1_3_2_12_2 article-title: The Akela effect—is there an evolutionary benefit from senators in mammals? publication-title: Biol. Hyp. – ident: e_1_3_2_39_2 doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0519 – ident: e_1_3_2_2_2 doi: 10.1038/nature01294 – ident: e_1_3_2_35_2 doi: 10.1093/beheco/7.1.55 – ident: e_1_3_2_43_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_20_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_4_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.027 – ident: e_1_3_2_29_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01433.x – volume-title: The Asian elephant year: 1992 ident: e_1_3_2_46_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_10_2 doi: 10.1038/nature03236 – start-page: 363 volume-title: Reproductive success year: 1988 ident: e_1_3_2_42_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_9_2 doi: 10.1007/s00265-009-0740-7 – volume-title: Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals year: 2005 ident: e_1_3_2_18_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_5_2 doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.03.006 – ident: e_1_3_2_25_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00823.x – ident: e_1_3_2_15_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1001715107 – ident: e_1_3_2_19_2 doi: 10.1017/S0952836901001212 – ident: e_1_3_2_40_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.060 – ident: e_1_3_2_11_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1057895 – start-page: 58 volume-title: Studying elephants year: 1996 ident: e_1_3_2_33_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_34_2 doi: 10.1006/anbe.1994.1052 – volume-title: Elephant memories year: 1988 ident: e_1_3_2_32_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_37_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00957.x – ident: e_1_3_2_23_2 doi: 10.3377/004.044.0104 – ident: e_1_3_2_8_2 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00771.x – ident: e_1_3_2_7_2 doi: 10.1676/0043-5643(2001)113[0350:FYEARD]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_3_2_13_2 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.09.003 – ident: e_1_3_2_3_2 doi: 10.1086/596532 – volume-title: Elephants and their habitats: the ecology of elephants in North Bunyoro, Uganda year: 1975 ident: e_1_3_2_38_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_24_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00181.x – ident: e_1_3_2_36_2 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7 – ident: e_1_3_2_48_2 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1028 – ident: e_1_3_2_45_2 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0988 – ident: e_1_3_2_22_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00626.x – ident: e_1_3_2_31_2 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2002.12.007 – ident: e_1_3_2_6_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.048 – ident: e_1_3_2_26_2 doi: 10.1017/S0952836901000395 – ident: e_1_3_2_44_2 doi: 10.1121/1.2722507 – ident: e_1_3_2_14_2 doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_5 – ident: e_1_3_2_30_2 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.11.021 – ident: e_1_3_2_21_2 doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.018 – volume-title: Megaherbivores: the influence of very large body size on ecology year: 1992 ident: e_1_3_2_28_2 – ident: e_1_3_2_17_2 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226542263.003.0016 – ident: e_1_3_2_16_2 doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0370 – reference: 11313492 - Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):491-4 – reference: 19026539 - Curr Biol. 2008 Dec 9;18(23):1833-8 – reference: 9933529 - Anim Behav. 1998 Dec;56(6):1333-1345 – reference: 16701451 - Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Dec;20(12):650 – reference: 17201593 - Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2006;10(4):354-71 – reference: 17949977 - Curr Biol. 2007 Nov 20;17(22):1938-42 – reference: 17148274 - Biol Lett. 2006 Dec 22;2(4):505-8 – reference: 17552741 - J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Jun;121(6):3947-53 – reference: 19825357 - Curr Biol. 2009 Oct 13;19(19):R911-6 – reference: 20591868 - Proc Biol Sci. 2010 Dec 22;277(1701):3765-71 – reference: 15014499 - Nature. 2004 Mar 11;428(6979):178-81 – reference: 17878141 - Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Dec 7;274(1628):2943-9 – reference: 12520299 - Nature. 2003 Jan 9;421(6919):155-8 – reference: 20350591 - Behav Processes. 2010 Jul;84(3):671-4 – reference: 20368436 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 20;107(16):7246-50 – reference: 18682358 - Biol Lett. 2008 Oct 23;4(5):541-4 – reference: 19199520 - Am Nat. 2009 Mar;173(3):304-12 – reference: 15690039 - Nature. 2005 Feb 3;433(7025):513-6 |
| SSID | ssj0009585 |
| Score | 2.4925761 |
| Snippet | The value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref royalsociety jstor istex |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 3270 |
| SubjectTerms | Acoustic Stimulation Age Factors Age structure Animals Behavior, Animal - physiology Cognitive Abilities decision making defensive behavior Elephants Elephants - physiology Female Group Processes Humans Kenya Leadership Linear Models Lions Longevity Loxodonta africana Mammals Materials National parks Observation Playback Experiment Population ecology Predators Social Behavior Social Mammals |
| Title | Leadership in elephants: the adaptive value of age |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/V84-2VW9LBTH-L/fulltext.pdf https://www.jstor.org/stable/41315068 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.0168 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21411454 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1663554392 https://www.proquest.com/docview/894818404 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3169024 |
| Volume | 278 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3rb9MwELdgExJfEBsMwktBQjwEGY3zcvjGYKOCMpBot36zbMfWKkZb9SEx_nrOj7iJ1orHl6pK3DS53-XubP_uDqEnsVClSHMeVUSqKE1IFvGkKiJw5x2GOY5VZVi-x3l3kH4cZsMVf95klyz4vvi1Nq_kf1CFY4CrzpL9B2T9ReEAfAd84RMQhs-_wrjnecim8se5nJ5pWkvN1WAVmxpmkK7obdYGWJv589V7r3nNFbDLCY7Luf_ywOA_8hbSOUwfiH8WYFD4payyb3AfY7uf_2HG5A-vPe-X4BsXfim60c2YXYC8LGXgk368SXM9QhPi4sg2rnUmFNxdpHcPrYdZc8zZXVyQpoIVNj_ZGdIE234ilyx8p9RZCzDn567-amzb8rRLaR9_oUeDXo_2D4f9q2gbwxzCZIIP40ZFZtOv1d-ar-hJXrev3opYtvXL97Mmr66blqxh1840dHOLXCN66d9EN9y0I3xrdWgHXZHjXXTNAnuxi3aciZ-Hz10d8he3EF6pVzgah1693oSgKGGtXKFRrnCiQhDobTQ4Ouy_60auxUYksgwvorzD8o4gqSAZKYskSwVjAiesAvErlYMOSohgmRCZ4kVR5aXKFXiAPJMwbVe5TPbQFqiTvIvCCmyBwomOt4tUasfApRIihwCWlyLhAYpqMVLh6s_rNijn1PIgCNVip1rsVIs9QM_8-KmtvLJx5FODih_GZt81X7HI6AlJKT45LXsH_S7tBWjPwOYHQgSnK2zCFR7XOFIwr3rPjI3lZDmnsY3I4akCFG4YQ3TFI5J20gDdsdD7P8BxGsdpBmeKllL4Abq6e_vMeHRmqrwnegMbwy9fNdWHOvMz3yCLe3--y_vo-uq9fYC2FrOlfAiR9YI_Mm_Ib8a0zZg |
| linkProvider | Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Leadership+in+elephants%3A+the+adaptive+value+of+age&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society.+B%2C+Biological+sciences&rft.au=McComb%2C+Karen&rft.au=Shannon%2C+Graeme&rft.au=Durant%2C+Sarah+M&rft.au=Sayialel%2C+Katito&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.issn=1471-2954&rft.eissn=1471-2954&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=1722&rft.spage=3270&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frspb.2011.0168&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0962-8452&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0962-8452&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0962-8452&client=summon |