Complex Inhibitory Effects of Nitric Oxide on Autophagy

Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Several autophagy regulators have been identified in recent years. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular...

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Published inMolecular cell Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 19 - 32
Main Authors Sarkar, Sovan, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Renna, Maurizio, Imarisio, Sara, Fleming, Angeleen, Williams, Andrea, Garcia-Arencibia, Moises, Rose, Claudia, Luo, Shouqing, Underwood, Benjamin R., Kroemer, Guido, O'Kane, Cahir J., Rubinsztein, David C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 08.07.2011
Cell Press
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Abstract Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Several autophagy regulators have been identified in recent years. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular messenger, inhibits autophagosome synthesis via a number of mechanisms. NO impairs autophagy by inhibiting the activity of S-nitrosylation substrates, JNK1 and IKKβ. Inhibition of JNK1 by NO reduces Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increases the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 interaction, thereby disrupting hVps34/Beclin 1 complex formation. Additionally, NO inhibits IKKβ and reduces AMPK phosphorylation, leading to mTORC1 activation via TSC2. Overexpression of nNOS, iNOS, or eNOS impairs autophagosome formation primarily via the JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway. Conversely, NOS inhibition enhances the clearance of autophagic substrates and reduces neurodegeneration in models of Huntington's disease. Our data suggest that nitrosative stress-mediated protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases may be, in part, due to autophagy inhibition. [Display omitted] ► NO inhibits autophagy by independently inhibiting JNK1 and IKKβ ► NO inhibits autophagic flux via mTOR and mTOR-independent routes ► NOS overexpression impairs autophagosome synthesis via JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway ► NOS inhibition induces autophagy and protects against neurodegeneration
AbstractList Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Several autophagy regulators have been identified in recent years. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular messenger, inhibits autophagosome synthesis via a number of mechanisms. NO impairs autophagy by inhibiting the activity of S-nitrosylation substrates, JNK1 and IKKβ. Inhibition of JNK1 by NO reduces Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increases the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 interaction, thereby disrupting hVps34/Beclin 1 complex formation. Additionally, NO inhibits IKKβ and reduces AMPK phosphorylation, leading to mTORC1 activation via TSC2. Overexpression of nNOS, iNOS, or eNOS impairs autophagosome formation primarily via the JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway. Conversely, NOS inhibition enhances the clearance of autophagic substrates and reduces neurodegeneration in models of Huntington's disease. Our data suggest that nitrosative stress-mediated protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases may be, in part, due to autophagy inhibition. [Display omitted] ► NO inhibits autophagy by independently inhibiting JNK1 and IKKβ ► NO inhibits autophagic flux via mTOR and mTOR-independent routes ► NOS overexpression impairs autophagosome synthesis via JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway ► NOS inhibition induces autophagy and protects against neurodegeneration
Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Several autophagy regulators have been identified in recent years. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular messenger, inhibits autophagosome synthesis via a number of mechanisms. NO impairs autophagy by inhibiting the activity of S -nitrosylation substrates, JNK1 and IKKβ. Inhibition of JNK1 by NO reduces Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increases the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 interaction, thereby disrupting hVps34/Beclin 1 complex formation. Additionally, NO inhibits IKKβ and reduces AMPK phosphorylation, leading to mTORC1 activation via TSC2. Overexpression of nNOS, iNOS, or eNOS impairs autophagosome formation primarily via the JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway. Conversely, NOS inhibition enhances the clearance of autophagic substrates and reduces neurodegeneration in models of Huntington's disease. Our data suggest that nitrosative stress-mediated protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases may be, in part, due to autophagy inhibition.
Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Several autophagy regulators have been identified in recent years. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO), a potent cellular messenger, inhibits autophagosome synthesis via a number of mechanisms. NO impairs autophagy by inhibiting the activity of S-nitrosylation substrates, JNK1 and IKKβ. Inhibition of JNK1 by NO reduces Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increases the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 interaction, thereby disrupting hVps34/Beclin 1 complex formation. Additionally, NO inhibits IKKβ and reduces AMPK phosphorylation, leading to mTORC1 activation via TSC2. Overexpression of nNOS, iNOS, or eNOS impairs autophagosome formation primarily via the JNK1–Bcl-2 pathway. Conversely, NOS inhibition enhances the clearance of autophagic substrates and reduces neurodegeneration in models of Huntington's disease. Our data suggest that nitrosative stress-mediated protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases may be, in part, due to autophagy inhibition.
Author Sarkar, Sovan
Luo, Shouqing
O'Kane, Cahir J.
Williams, Andrea
Fleming, Angeleen
Rose, Claudia
Imarisio, Sara
Korolchuk, Viktor I.
Rubinsztein, David C.
Garcia-Arencibia, Moises
Underwood, Benjamin R.
Kroemer, Guido
Renna, Maurizio
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
3 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
7 Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
8 Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Paris, France
1 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
5 Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
6 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
4 INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 7 Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
– name: 5 Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
– name: 2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
– name: 3 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
– name: 6 Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
– name: 1 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– name: 8 Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Paris, France
– name: 4 INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Sovan
  surname: Sarkar
  fullname: Sarkar, Sovan
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Viktor I.
  surname: Korolchuk
  fullname: Korolchuk, Viktor I.
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Maurizio
  surname: Renna
  fullname: Renna, Maurizio
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Sara
  surname: Imarisio
  fullname: Imarisio, Sara
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Angeleen
  surname: Fleming
  fullname: Fleming, Angeleen
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Andrea
  surname: Williams
  fullname: Williams, Andrea
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Moises
  surname: Garcia-Arencibia
  fullname: Garcia-Arencibia, Moises
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Claudia
  surname: Rose
  fullname: Rose, Claudia
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Shouqing
  surname: Luo
  fullname: Luo, Shouqing
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Benjamin R.
  surname: Underwood
  fullname: Underwood, Benjamin R.
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Guido
  surname: Kroemer
  fullname: Kroemer, Guido
  organization: INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Cahir J.
  surname: O'Kane
  fullname: O'Kane, Cahir J.
  organization: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
– sequence: 13
  givenname: David C.
  surname: Rubinsztein
  fullname: Rubinsztein, David C.
  email: dcr1000@cam.ac.uk
  organization: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21726807$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Autophagy, a major degradation process for long-lived and aggregate-prone proteins, affects various human processes, such as development, immunity, cancer, and...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism
Autophagy
Beclin-1
Cell Line
Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism
endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology
HEK293 Cells
HeLa Cells
Humans
Huntingtin Protein
Huntington Disease - metabolism
Huntington Disease - pathology
I-kappa B Kinase - metabolism
inducible nitric oxide synthase
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Mice
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 - metabolism
Multiprotein Complexes
Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism
neurodegenerative diseases
neuronal nitric oxide synthase
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology
nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase - antagonists & inhibitors
Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism
Nuclear Proteins - metabolism
Phosphorylation
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
proteins
Proteins - metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism
Rats
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism
Title Complex Inhibitory Effects of Nitric Oxide on Autophagy
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.029
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21726807
https://search.proquest.com/docview/875040189
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3149661
Volume 43
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