Demethylesterification of the Primary Wall by PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 Provides Mechanical Support to the Arabidopsis Stem

Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas pectin, which is a characteristic component of the primary wall, is not considered to be involved in the mechanical support of the plant. Contradi...

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Published inThe Plant cell Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. 2624 - 2634
Main Authors Hongo, Shoko, Sato, Kaori, Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Nishitani, Kazuhiko
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society of Plant Biologists 01.06.2012
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Abstract Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas pectin, which is a characteristic component of the primary wall, is not considered to be involved in the mechanical support of the plant. Contradicting this conventional knowledge, loss-of-function mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 (PME35), which encodes a pectin methylesterase, showed a pendant stem phenotype and an increased deformation rate of the stem, indicating that the mechanical strength of the stem was impaired by the mutation. PME35 was expressed specifically in the basal part of the inflorescence stem. Biochemical characterization showed that the activity of pectin methylesterase was significantly reduced in the basal part of the mutant stem. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy analyses using JIM5, JIM7, and LM20 monoclonal antibodies revealed that demethylesterification of methylesterified homogalacturonans in the primary cell wall of the cortex and interfascicular fibers was suppressed in the mutant, but lignified cell walls in the interfascicular and xylary fibers were not affected. These phenotypic analyses indicate that PME35-mediated demethylesterification of the primary cell wall directly regulates the mechanical strength of the supporting tissue.
AbstractList Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas pectin, which is a characteristic component of the primary wall, is not considered to be involved in the mechanical support of the plant. Contradicting this conventional knowledge, loss-of-function mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 (PME35), which encodes a pectin methylesterase, showed a pendant stem phenotype and an increased deformation rate of the stem, indicating that the mechanical strength of the stem was impaired by the mutation. PME35 was expressed specifically in the basal part of the inflorescence stem. Biochemical characterization showed that the activity of pectin methylesterase was significantly reduced in the basal part of the mutant stem. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy analyses using JIM5, JIM7, and LM20 monoclonal antibodies revealed that demethylesterification of methylesterified homogalacturonans in the primary cell wall of the cortex and interfascicular fibers was suppressed in the mutant, but lignified cell walls in the interfascicular and xylary fibers were not affected. These phenotypic analyses indicate that PME35-mediated demethylesterification of the primary cell wall directly regulates the mechanical strength of the supporting tissue.
The ability of secondary cell walls to provide mechanical support to plant stems is well known. This work shows that primary cell walls also provide support. PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 strengthens Arabidopsis thaliana shoots by demethylesterifying homogalacturonan in primary cell walls, including the middle lamella. Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas pectin, which is a characteristic component of the primary wall, is not considered to be involved in the mechanical support of the plant. Contradicting this conventional knowledge, loss-of-function mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 ( PME35 ), which encodes a pectin methylesterase, showed a pendant stem phenotype and an increased deformation rate of the stem, indicating that the mechanical strength of the stem was impaired by the mutation. PME35 was expressed specifically in the basal part of the inflorescence stem. Biochemical characterization showed that the activity of pectin methylesterase was significantly reduced in the basal part of the mutant stem. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy analyses using JIM5, JIM7, and LM20 monoclonal antibodies revealed that demethylesterification of methylesterified homogalacturonans in the primary cell wall of the cortex and interfascicular fibers was suppressed in the mutant, but lignified cell walls in the interfascicular and xylary fibers were not affected. These phenotypic analyses indicate that PME35-mediated demethylesterification of the primary cell wall directly regulates the mechanical strength of the supporting tissue.
Author Sato, Kaori
Hongo, Shoko
Nishitani, Kazuhiko
Yokoyama, Ryusuke
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693281$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2012 American Society of Plant Biologists
Copyright American Society of Plant Biologists Jun 2012
2012 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. 2012
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www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.112.099325
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Kazuhiko Nishitani (nishitan@m.tohoku.ac.jp).
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Snippet Secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, have traditionally been considered essential for the mechanical strength of the shoot of land plants, whereas...
The ability of secondary cell walls to provide mechanical support to plant stems is well known. This work shows that primary cell walls also provide support....
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SubjectTerms Arabidopsis - chemistry
Arabidopsis - cytology
Arabidopsis - physiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - genetics
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - metabolism
Cell Wall - chemistry
Cell Wall - metabolism
Cell walls
Fiber cells
Genetic Complementation Test
Inflorescence - genetics
Inflorescence - metabolism
Inflorescences
Lignin
Mechanical properties
Molecular Sequence Data
Monoclonal antibodies
Mutation
Pectins - metabolism
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Plant cells
Plant Stems - chemistry
Plant Stems - cytology
Plant Stems - physiology
Plant tissues
Plants
Stress, Mechanical
Title Demethylesterification of the Primary Wall by PECTIN METHYLESTERASE35 Provides Mechanical Support to the Arabidopsis Stem
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/23264479
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693281
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1034607599
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1030349624
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3406921
Volume 24
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