Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH22) in East Asians Interactively Exacerbates Tobacco Smoking Risk for Coronary Spasm ― Possible Role of Reactive Aldehydes
Background:Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians....
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| Published in | Circulation Journal Vol. 81; no. 1; pp. 96 - 102 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Japanese Circulation Society
01.01.2017
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background:Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians. We examined the interaction between TS andALDH2*2as a risk factor for CSA to better understand the disease pathogenesis.Methods and Results:The study subjects comprised 410 patients (258 men, 152 women; mean age, 66.3±11.5) in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed on suspicion of CSA.ALDH2genotyping was performed by direct application of the Taqman polymerase chain reaction system. Of the study subjects, 244 had CSA proven and 166 were non-CSA. The frequencies of male sex,ALDH2*2, alcohol flushing syndrome, TS, coronary organic stenosis, and plasma levels of uric acid were higher (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower (P=0.002) in the CSA than non-CSA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed thatALDH2*2and TS were significant risk factors for CSA (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively).ALDH2*2exacerbated TS risk for CSA more than the multiplicative effects of each.Conclusions:ALDH2*2synergistically exacerbates TS risk for CSA, probably through aldehydes. |
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| AbstractList | Background:Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians. We examined the interaction between TS andALDH2*2as a risk factor for CSA to better understand the disease pathogenesis.Methods and Results:The study subjects comprised 410 patients (258 men, 152 women; mean age, 66.3±11.5) in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed on suspicion of CSA.ALDH2genotyping was performed by direct application of the Taqman polymerase chain reaction system. Of the study subjects, 244 had CSA proven and 166 were non-CSA. The frequencies of male sex,ALDH2*2, alcohol flushing syndrome, TS, coronary organic stenosis, and plasma levels of uric acid were higher (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower (P=0.002) in the CSA than non-CSA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed thatALDH2*2and TS were significant risk factors for CSA (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively).ALDH2*2exacerbated TS risk for CSA more than the multiplicative effects of each.Conclusions:ALDH2*2synergistically exacerbates TS risk for CSA, probably through aldehydes. Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians. We examined the interaction between TS andALDH2*2as a risk factor for CSA to better understand the disease pathogenesis.Methods and Results:The study subjects comprised 410 patients (258 men, 152 women; mean age, 66.3±11.5) in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed on suspicion of CSA.ALDH2genotyping was performed by direct application of the Taqman polymerase chain reaction system. Of the study subjects, 244 had CSA proven and 166 were non-CSA. The frequencies of male sex,ALDH2*2, alcohol flushing syndrome, TS, coronary organic stenosis, and plasma levels of uric acid were higher (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower (P=0.002) in the CSA than non-CSA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed thatALDH2*2and TS were significant risk factors for CSA (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively).ALDH2*2exacerbated TS risk for CSA more than the multiplicative effects of each.BACKGROUNDCoronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians. We examined the interaction between TS andALDH2*2as a risk factor for CSA to better understand the disease pathogenesis.Methods and Results:The study subjects comprised 410 patients (258 men, 152 women; mean age, 66.3±11.5) in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed on suspicion of CSA.ALDH2genotyping was performed by direct application of the Taqman polymerase chain reaction system. Of the study subjects, 244 had CSA proven and 166 were non-CSA. The frequencies of male sex,ALDH2*2, alcohol flushing syndrome, TS, coronary organic stenosis, and plasma levels of uric acid were higher (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower (P=0.002) in the CSA than non-CSA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed thatALDH2*2and TS were significant risk factors for CSA (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively).ALDH2*2exacerbated TS risk for CSA more than the multiplicative effects of each.ALDH2*2synergistically exacerbates TS risk for CSA, probably through aldehydes.CONCLUSIONSALDH2*2synergistically exacerbates TS risk for CSA, probably through aldehydes. Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a key role in removing reactive toxic aldehydes and a deficient variant ALDH2 genotype (ALDH2*2) is prevalent among East Asians. We examined the interaction between TS andALDH2*2as a risk factor for CSA to better understand the disease pathogenesis. The study subjects comprised 410 patients (258 men, 152 women; mean age, 66.3±11.5) in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed on suspicion of CSA.ALDH2genotyping was performed by direct application of the Taqman polymerase chain reaction system. Of the study subjects, 244 had CSA proven and 166 were non-CSA. The frequencies of male sex,ALDH2*2, alcohol flushing syndrome, TS, coronary organic stenosis, and plasma levels of uric acid were higher (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.015, respectively) and that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lower (P=0.002) in the CSA than non-CSA group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed thatALDH2*2and TS were significant risk factors for CSA (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively).ALDH2*2exacerbated TS risk for CSA more than the multiplicative effects of each. ALDH2*2synergistically exacerbates TS risk for CSA, probably through aldehydes. |
| Author | Kinoshita, Kenji Harada, Eisaku Hokimoto, Seiji Yasue, Hirofumi Mizuno, Yuji Yoshimura, Michihiro |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Mizuno, Yuji organization: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute – sequence: 1 fullname: Harada, Eisaku organization: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute – sequence: 1 fullname: Kinoshita, Kenji organization: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University – sequence: 1 fullname: Yoshimura, Michihiro organization: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine – sequence: 1 fullname: Hokimoto, Seiji organization: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University – sequence: 1 fullname: Yasue, Hirofumi organization: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904031$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References_xml | – reference: 6. Hill BG, Bhatnagar A. Beyond reactive oxygen species: Aldehydes as arbitrators of alarm and adaptation. Circ Res 2009; 105: 1044–1046. – reference: 31. Chapple SJ, Cheng X, Mann GE. Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell redox signaling and function in health and disease. Redox Biol 2013; 1: 319–331. – reference: 12. Seki T, Okayama H, Isoyama S, Kagaya Y, Shirato K, Munakata K, et al. The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. Tohoku J Exp Med 1999; 187: 311–322. – reference: 14. Mizuno Y, Harada E, Morita S, Kinoshita K, Hayashida M, Shono M, et al. East Asian variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is associated with coronary spastic angina: Possible roles of reactive aldehydes and implications of alcohol flushing syndrome. Circulation 2015; 131: 1665–1673. – reference: 3. JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2013): Digest version. Circ J 2014; 78: 2779–2801. – reference: 10. Yokoyama A, Omori T, Yokoyama T. Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms and a new strategy for prevention and screening for cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract in East Asians. Keio J Med 2010; 59: 115–130. – reference: 15. Hayashida M, Ota T, Ishii M, Iwao-Koizumi K, Murata S, Kinoshita K. Direct detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by the TaqMan PCR assay using dried saliva on water-soluble paper and hair-rooTS, without DNA extraction. Anal Sci 2014; 30: 427–429. – reference: 16. Jansen H, Samani NJ, Schunkert H. Mendelian randomization studies in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2014; 35: 1917–1924. – reference: 29. Messner B, Bernhard D. Smoking and cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis. 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| Snippet | Background:Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2... Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is common among East Asians and tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for CSA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial - genetics Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial - metabolism Aldehydes - blood Angina Pectoris - blood Angina Pectoris - enzymology Angina Pectoris - etiology Angina Pectoris - genetics Asian People Cholesterol, HDL - blood Coronary spastic angina Coronary Vasospasm - blood Coronary Vasospasm - enzymology Coronary Vasospasm - etiology Coronary Vasospasm - genetics East Asians Female Genotype Humans Japan Male Middle Aged Reactive aldehydes Sex Factors Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - blood Smoking - genetics Tobacco smoking Uric Acid - blood |
| Title | Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH22) in East Asians Interactively Exacerbates Tobacco Smoking Risk for Coronary Spasm ― Possible Role of Reactive Aldehydes |
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