Study on the Sampling of Methadone from Exhaled Breath
This study aimed at develop and validate the procedure for collecting exhaled breath for drug testing. Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment were recruited for the study. Methadone levels were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The sampling devic...
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Published in | Journal of analytical toxicology Vol. 35; no. 5; pp. 257 - 263 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Niles, IL
Oxford University Press
01.06.2011
Preston Publications |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | This study aimed at develop and validate the procedure for collecting exhaled breath for drug testing. Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment were recruited for the study. Methadone levels were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The sampling device was based on a 47-mm C18 filter and used under pressure to aid flow through the filter. The mouth was rinsed before sampling, and the device was constructed to protect against any saliva contamination. Methadone was present in breath samples before and after the daily intake of methadone. The mean (± SD) pre-dose level was found to be 135 ± 109 pg/min (n = 48, median 121). The exhaled methadone increased after dose intake. Saliva levels of methadone were high in comparison with exhaled breath levels. Saliva contamination was suspected in about 10% of the collected samples. Similar results were obtained using 1, 3, and 10 min sampling times. The inter- and intraindividual variability were found to be similar and in the order of 50%. Alternative sampling using XAD-2 beads and solid-phase microextraction fiber was found to be possible and enables sampling with low back pressure and with no need for pump assistance. The presented results confirm that breath testing is a new possibility for the detection of drugs of abuse. |
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AbstractList | This study aimed at develop and validate the procedure for collecting exhaled breath for drug testing. Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment were recruited for the study. Methadone levels were measured using liquid chromatography- electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The sampling device was based on a 47-mm C(18) filter and used under pressure to aid flow through the filter. The mouth was rinsed before sampling, and the device was constructed to protect against any saliva contamination. Methadone was present in breath samples before and after the daily intake of methadone. The mean (± SD) pre-dose level was found to be 135 ± 109 pg/min (n = 48, median 121). The exhaled methadone increased after dose intake. Saliva levels of methadone were high in comparison with exhaled breath levels. Saliva contamination was suspected in about 10% of the collected samples. Similar results were obtained using 1, 3, and 10 min sampling times. The inter- and intraindividual variability were found to be similar and in the order of 50%. Alternative sampling using XAD-2 beads and solid-phase microextraction fiber was found to be possible and enables sampling with low back pressure and with no need for pump assistance. The presented results confirm that breath testing is a new possibility for the detection of drugs of abuse. This study aimed at develop and validate the procedure for collecting exhaled breath for drug testing. Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment were recruited for the study. Methadone levels were measured using liquid chromatography- electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The sampling device was based on a 47-mm C18 filter and used under pressure to aid flow through the filter. The mouth was rinsed before sampling, and the device was constructed to protect against any saliva contamination. Methadone was present in breath samples before and after the daily intake of methadone. The mean (? SD) pre-dose level was found to be 135 ? 109 pg/min (n = 48, median 121). The exhaled methadone increased after dose intake. Saliva levels of methadone were high in comparison with exhaled breath levels. Saliva contamination was suspected in about 10% of the collected samples. Similar results were obtained using 1, 3, and 10 min sampling times. The inter- and intraindividual variability were found to be similar and in the order of 50%. Alternative sampling using XAD-2 beads and solid-phase microextraction fiber was found to be possible and enables sampling with low back pressure and with no need for pump assistance. The presented results confirm that breath testing is a new possibility for the detection of drugs of abuse. This study aimed at develop and validate the procedure for collecting exhaled breath for drug testing. Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment were recruited for the study. Methadone levels were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. The sampling device was based on a 47-mm C18 filter and used under pressure to aid flow through the filter. The mouth was rinsed before sampling, and the device was constructed to protect against any saliva contamination. Methadone was present in breath samples before and after the daily intake of methadone. The mean (± SD) pre-dose level was found to be 135 ± 109 pg/min (n = 48, median 121). The exhaled methadone increased after dose intake. Saliva levels of methadone were high in comparison with exhaled breath levels. Saliva contamination was suspected in about 10% of the collected samples. Similar results were obtained using 1, 3, and 10 min sampling times. The inter- and intraindividual variability were found to be similar and in the order of 50%. Alternative sampling using XAD-2 beads and solid-phase microextraction fiber was found to be possible and enables sampling with low back pressure and with no need for pump assistance. The presented results confirm that breath testing is a new possibility for the detection of drugs of abuse. |
Author | Sandqvist, Sören Beck, Olof Eriksen, Paul Franck, Johan Palmskog, Göran Böttcher, Michael |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Olof surname: Beck fullname: Beck, Olof email: olof.beck@karolinska.se organization: Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 2 givenname: Sören surname: Sandqvist fullname: Sandqvist, Sören organization: Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael surname: Böttcher fullname: Böttcher, Michael organization: Labordiagnostik und Hygien Dessau GmbH – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul surname: Eriksen fullname: Eriksen, Paul organization: Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 5 givenname: Johan surname: Franck fullname: Franck, Johan organization: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 6 givenname: Göran surname: Palmskog fullname: Palmskog, Göran organization: Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet |
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Keywords | Human Expired air Drug addiction Tandem mass spectrometry Chemical analysis Coupled method HPLC chromatography Opiates Patient Methadone Narcotic analgesic Electrospray Therapeutic drug monitoring Reversed phase chromatography Sampling Quantitative analysis |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis Biological and medical sciences Breath Tests - instrumentation Breath Tests - methods Contamination Drug abuse Drug addictions Exhalation Female Fibers Filters General pharmacology Humans Male Mass spectroscopy Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Methadone Methadone - analysis Methadone - chemistry Middle Aged Mouth Narcotics - analysis Narcotics - chemistry Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pressure Saliva Saliva - chemistry Sampling Solid Phase Extraction Solid phase methods Substance Abuse Detection - methods Toxicology |
Title | Study on the Sampling of Methadone from Exhaled Breath |
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