PGN and LTA from Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Decreased Lactation through Regulating DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

• Published in: Toxins Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 238
• Main Authors: Wu, Yongjiang, Chen, Jingbo, Sun, Yawang, Dong, Xianwen, Wang, Zili, Chen, Juncai, Dong, Guozhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09.04.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetylation; Animal lactation; Animals; Casein; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell walls; Chemokines; Cytokines; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Dairy cattle; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA Methylation; DNA methyltransferase; DNA Modification Methylases - genetics; DNA Modification Methylases - metabolism; DNA sequencing; E coli; Epigenetics; Epithelial cells; Epithelial Cells - metabolism; Epithelial Cells - microbiology; Female; Gene expression; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genes; histone acetylation; Histone acetyltransferase; Histone Acetyltransferases - genetics; Histone Acetyltransferases - metabolism; Histone deacetylase; Histone H3; Histones; Histones - metabolism; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 8; Kinases; Lactation; Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism; Lipoteichoic acid; Mammary gland; Mammary Glands, Animal - metabolism; Mammary Glands, Animal - microbiology; Mammary Glands, Animal - physiopathology; Mastitis; Mastitis - genetics; Mastitis - metabolism; Mastitis - microbiology; Mastitis - physiopathology; peptidoglycan; Peptidoglycan - metabolism; Peptidoglycans; Principal components analysis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Signal transduction; Staphylococcal Infections - genetics; Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections - physiopathology; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism; Teichoic Acids - metabolism; Transcriptome; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; peptidoglycan; bovine mammary epithelial cells; inflammation; lactation; DNA methylation; lipoteichoic acid; histone acetylation
• ISSN: 2072-6651; 2072-6651
• DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040238

( ) and ( ) are the most common pathogens of mastitis, and generally causes subclinical mastitis which is more persistent and resistant to treatment. Peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are cell wall components of . Although the roles of PGN and LTA in causing inflammation are well studied, the epigenetic mechanisms of the effects of PGN and LTA on the inflammation and lactation remain poorly understood. This study characterized the gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing and investigated DNA methylation and histone acetylation in relation to inflammation and lactation in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The cells were cultured for 24 h with neither PGN nor LTA (CON), PGN (30 μg/mL), LTA (30 μg/mL), and PGN (30 μg/mL) + LTA (30 μg/mL), respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the expression of proinflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, and CXCL6 of the treatments increased in the following order: CON < PGN < LTA < PGN + LTA, and the DEGs mainly enriched on the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. LTA and PGN + LTA induced hypomethylation of global DNA by suppressing DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. PGN and LTA, alone or combined, decreased the mRNA expression of casein genes ( and ) and the expression of two caseins (CSN2 and CSN3), and reduced histone H3 acetylation by suppressing histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and promoting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Collectively, this study revealed that PGN and LTA induced inflammation probably due to decreasing DNA methylation through regulating DNMT activity, and decreased lactation possibly through reducing histone H3 acetylation by regulating HAT and HDAC activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells.