The Case for Stage-Specific Frailty Interventions Spanning Community Aging to Cognitive Impairment

To explore factors associated with frailty across the continuum of healthy aging to cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], mild and moderate Alzheimer disease [AD]). Cross-sectional study. Senior activity centers and the outpatient memory clinic of a tertiary hospital. Community-dwel...

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Published inJournal of the American Medical Directors Association Vol. 16; no. 11; p. 1003.e13
Main Authors Chong, Mei Sian, Tay, Laura, Ismail, Noor Hafizah, Tan, Chay Hoon, Yew, Suzanne, Yeo, Audrey, Ye, Ruijing, Leung, Bernard, Ding, Yew Yoong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.11.2015
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Abstract To explore factors associated with frailty across the continuum of healthy aging to cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], mild and moderate Alzheimer disease [AD]). Cross-sectional study. Senior activity centers and the outpatient memory clinic of a tertiary hospital. Community-dwelling and functionally independent adults aged 50 years and older and older adults attending the memory clinic with MCI, and mild and moderate AD diagnoses. We recruited 299 participants comprising 200 cognitively healthy individuals, 16 with MCI, 68 with mild AD, and 15 with moderate AD. We collected measures of comorbidities, cognitive and functional performance, physical activity level, and anthropometric and nutritional status. Frailty was defined using Buchmann criteria, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and the revised National Cholesterol and Education Panel-obesity definition of waist circumference. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with frailty as a whole group and separately based on cognitive subgroups. There were 16.7% of patients who met frailty criteria. Frailty prevalence was lowest in the well elderly (3.5%) and subsequently followed a U-shaped prevalence from MCI to mild and moderate AD, respectively. Specific univariate differences were noted in age, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, depressive symptoms, social differences, and functional scores. Multivariable logistic regression showed age, cognitive status, and SO to be significantly associated with frailty status. Subgroup analysis showed only SO to be significant (odds ratio [OR] 15.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63-148.42) in well elderly and only cognition to be associated with frailty (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) among the cognitively impaired. Our findings lend initial support to the case for stage-specific interventions for physical frailty with the focus on SO in healthy community-dwelling older persons and cognitive-based measures in older adults with cognitive impairment. The accurate clinical phenotyping would then set the stage for future potential investigative therapies along these specific lines, rather than an undifferentiated approach.
AbstractList To explore factors associated with frailty across the continuum of healthy aging to cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], mild and moderate Alzheimer disease [AD]). Cross-sectional study. Senior activity centers and the outpatient memory clinic of a tertiary hospital. Community-dwelling and functionally independent adults aged 50 years and older and older adults attending the memory clinic with MCI, and mild and moderate AD diagnoses. We recruited 299 participants comprising 200 cognitively healthy individuals, 16 with MCI, 68 with mild AD, and 15 with moderate AD. We collected measures of comorbidities, cognitive and functional performance, physical activity level, and anthropometric and nutritional status. Frailty was defined using Buchmann criteria, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and the revised National Cholesterol and Education Panel-obesity definition of waist circumference. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with frailty as a whole group and separately based on cognitive subgroups. There were 16.7% of patients who met frailty criteria. Frailty prevalence was lowest in the well elderly (3.5%) and subsequently followed a U-shaped prevalence from MCI to mild and moderate AD, respectively. Specific univariate differences were noted in age, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, depressive symptoms, social differences, and functional scores. Multivariable logistic regression showed age, cognitive status, and SO to be significantly associated with frailty status. Subgroup analysis showed only SO to be significant (odds ratio [OR] 15.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63-148.42) in well elderly and only cognition to be associated with frailty (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) among the cognitively impaired. Our findings lend initial support to the case for stage-specific interventions for physical frailty with the focus on SO in healthy community-dwelling older persons and cognitive-based measures in older adults with cognitive impairment. The accurate clinical phenotyping would then set the stage for future potential investigative therapies along these specific lines, rather than an undifferentiated approach.
Author Tay, Laura
Yeo, Audrey
Ding, Yew Yoong
Yew, Suzanne
Tan, Chay Hoon
Leung, Bernard
Chong, Mei Sian
Ismail, Noor Hafizah
Ye, Ruijing
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Copyright Copyright © 2015 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Keywords Frailty
cognitive impairment
obesity
sarcopenia
Language English
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Snippet To explore factors associated with frailty across the continuum of healthy aging to cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], mild and moderate...
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StartPage 1003.e13
SubjectTerms Aged
Aging - psychology
Alzheimer Disease
Cognition Disorders
Cognitive Dysfunction
Cross-Sectional Studies
Frail Elderly
Geriatric Assessment - methods
Humans
Independent Living
Middle Aged
Obesity
Sarcopenia
Title The Case for Stage-Specific Frailty Interventions Spanning Community Aging to Cognitive Impairment
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26543008
Volume 16
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