Effect of Scanning Strategy on Thermal Stresses and Strains during Electron Beam Melting of Inconel 625: Experiment and Simulation

• Published in: Materials Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 443
• Main Authors: Zhao, Xiaoyu, Wei, Yuan, Mansour, Rami, Dadbakhsh, Sasan, Rashid, Amir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: additive manufacturing; additive manufacturing simulation; Deformation; Electron beam melting; electron beam melting (EBM); Energy; Experiments; Finite element method; Heat resistant alloys; High temperature; Hypotheses; Laser beam melting; Nickel alloys; Nickel base alloys; Plastic deformation; Residual stress; Scanning; scanning strategy; Simulation; Stainless steel; Strain; Superalloys; Temperature; thermal distortion; Thermal stress; Trusses; Sweden; electron beam melting (EBM); additive manufacturing; thermal distortion; scanning strategy; simulation
• DOI: 10.3390/ma16010443
• ISSN: 1996-1944

This paper develops a hybrid experimental/simulation method for the first time to assess the thermal stresses generated during electron beam melting (EBM) at high temperatures. The bending and rupture of trusses supporting Inconel 625 alloy panels at ~1050 °C are experimentally measured for various scanning strategies. The generated thermal stresses and strains are thereafter simulated using the Finite-Element Method (FEM). It is shown that the thermal stresses on the trusses may reach the material UTS without causing failure. Failure is only reached after the part experiences a certain magnitude of plastic strain (~0.33 ± 0.01 here). As the most influential factor, the plastic strain increases with the scanning length. In addition, it is shown that continuous scanning is necessary since the interrupted chessboard strategy induces cracking at the overlapping regions. Therefore, the associated thermal deformation is to be minimized using a proper layer rotation according to the part length. Although this is similar to the literature reported for selective laser melting (SLM), the effect of scanning pattern is found to differ, as no significant difference in thermal stresses/strains is observed between bidirectional and unidirectional patterns from EBM.