Hypoglycaemic Molecules for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus from Marine Sources

• Published in: Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity Vol. 16; pp. 2187 - 2223
• Main Authors: Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar, Chellian, Jestin, Rahmah, Nur Suraiza Nabila, Gan, Wee Jin, Banerjee, Priyanka, Sanyal, Saptarshi, Banerjee, Pradipta, Ghosh, Nandini, Guith, Tanner, Das, Amitava, Gupta, Gaurav, Singh, Sachin Kumar, Dua, Kamal, Kunnath, Anil Philip, Norhashim, Nur Azeyanti, Ong, Kuan Hung, Palaniveloo, Kishneth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2023; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Aldose reductase; Amylases; Antioxidants; bioactive metabolites; Care and treatment; Diabetes; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes therapy; Health aspects; Insulin; marine organisms; Metabolites; Phosphatases; ptp1b inhibition; Review; Ziconotide; α-amylase inhibition; α-glucosidase inhibition; Indiana; Malaysia; α-glucosidase inhibition; marine organisms; antioxidants; PTP1B inhibition; diabetes mellitus; α-amylase inhibition; bioactive metabolites
• ISSN: 1178-7007; 1178-7007
• DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S390741

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder recognized as a major health problem globally. A defective insulin activity contributes to the prevalence and expansion of DM. Treatment of DM is often hampered by limited options of conventional therapies and adverse effects associated with existing procedures. This has led to a spike in the exploration for potential therapeutic agents from various natural resources for clinical applications. The marine environment is a huge store of unexplored diversity of chemicals produced by a multitude of organisms. To date, marine microorganisms, microalgae, macroalgae, corals, sponges, and fishes have been evaluated for their anti-diabetic properties. The structural diversity of bioactive metabolites discovered has shown promising hypoglycaemic potential through in vitro and in vivo screenings via various mechanisms of action, such as PTP1B, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and aldose reductase inhibition as well as PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists activities. On the other hand, hypoglycaemic effect is also shown to be exerted through the balance of antioxidants and free radicals. This review highlights marine-derived chemicals with hypoglycaemic effects and their respective mechanisms of action in the management of DM in humans.