Smad3 Mediates Diabetic Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver in db/db Mice by Targeting PPARδ

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeuti...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 14; p. 11396
Main Authors He, Huijun, Zhong, Yu, Wang, Honglian, Tang, Patrick Ming-Kuen, Xue, Vivian Weiwen, Chen, Xiaocui, Chen, Jiaoyi, Huang, Xiaoru, Wang, Cheng, Lan, Huiyao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.07.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Blood sugar
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Diabetic nephropathy
Diagnostic reagents industry
Disease
dyslipidemia
Fatty acids
Fatty liver
Health aspects
High density lipoprotein
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Lipids
Liver
Metabolic disorders
Physiological aspects
Scientific equipment and supplies industry
Smad3
Smad3 inhibitor
Transforming growth factors
treatment
Type 2 diabetes
United States
China
Smad3 inhibitor
treatment
Smad3
fatty liver
dyslipidemia
diabetes
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeutic effect on these metabolic abnormalities remains unexplored. These topics were investigated in this study in Smad3 knockout (KO)- mice and by treating mice with a Smad3-specific inhibitor SIS3. Compared to Smad3 wild-type (WT)- mice, Smad3 KO- mice were protected against dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Similarly, treatment of mice with SIS3 at week 4 before the onset of type 2 diabetes until week 12 was capable of lowering blood glucose levels and improving diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. In addition, using RNA-sequencing, the potential Smad3-target genes related to lipid metabolism was identified in the liver tissues of Smad3 KO/WT mice, and the regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Smad3 targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce dyslipidemia and NAFLD in mice, which was improved by genetically deleting and pharmacologically inhibiting Smad3.
AbstractList Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeutic effect on these metabolic abnormalities remains unexplored. These topics were investigated in this study in Smad3 knockout (KO)- db/db mice and by treating db/db mice with a Smad3-specific inhibitor SIS3. Compared to Smad3 wild-type (WT)- db/db mice, Smad3 KO- db/db mice were protected against dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Similarly, treatment of db/db mice with SIS3 at week 4 before the onset of type 2 diabetes until week 12 was capable of lowering blood glucose levels and improving diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. In addition, using RNA-sequencing, the potential Smad3-target genes related to lipid metabolism was identified in the liver tissues of Smad3 KO/WT mice, and the regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Smad3 targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce dyslipidemia and NAFLD in db/db mice, which was improved by genetically deleting and pharmacologically inhibiting Smad3.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeutic effect on these metabolic abnormalities remains unexplored. These topics were investigated in this study in Smad3 knockout (KO)- mice and by treating mice with a Smad3-specific inhibitor SIS3. Compared to Smad3 wild-type (WT)- mice, Smad3 KO- mice were protected against dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Similarly, treatment of mice with SIS3 at week 4 before the onset of type 2 diabetes until week 12 was capable of lowering blood glucose levels and improving diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. In addition, using RNA-sequencing, the potential Smad3-target genes related to lipid metabolism was identified in the liver tissues of Smad3 KO/WT mice, and the regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Smad3 targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce dyslipidemia and NAFLD in mice, which was improved by genetically deleting and pharmacologically inhibiting Smad3.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeutic effect on these metabolic abnormalities remains unexplored. These topics were investigated in this study in Smad3 knockout (KO)-db/db mice and by treating db/db mice with a Smad3-specific inhibitor SIS3. Compared to Smad3 wild-type (WT)-db/db mice, Smad3 KO-db/db mice were protected against dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Similarly, treatment of db/db mice with SIS3 at week 4 before the onset of type 2 diabetes until week 12 was capable of lowering blood glucose levels and improving diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. In addition, using RNA-sequencing, the potential Smad3-target genes related to lipid metabolism was identified in the liver tissues of Smad3 KO/WT mice, and the regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Smad3 targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce dyslipidemia and NAFLD in db/db mice, which was improved by genetically deleting and pharmacologically inhibiting Smad3.
Audience Academic
Author Chen, Jiaoyi
Lan, Huiyao
Chen, Xiaocui
Wang, Honglian
Huang, Xiaoru
He, Huijun
Wang, Cheng
Xue, Vivian Weiwen
Zhong, Yu
Tang, Patrick Ming-Kuen
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; yuzhong@link.cuhk.edu.hk (Y.Z.); honglianwang@swmu.edu.cn (H.W.); chenxiaocui2012@outlook.com (X.C.); margaret.chenjy@link.cuhk.edu.hk (J.C.); xlan@cuhk.edu.hk (X.H.)
4 State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; patrick.tang@cuhk.edu.hk (P.M.-K.T.); vivian.xue@connect.polyu.hk (V.W.X.)
1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; hehuijun@link.cuhk.edu.hk
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; hehuijun@link.cuhk.edu.hk
– name: 2 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; yuzhong@link.cuhk.edu.hk (Y.Z.); honglianwang@swmu.edu.cn (H.W.); chenxiaocui2012@outlook.com (X.C.); margaret.chenjy@link.cuhk.edu.hk (J.C.); xlan@cuhk.edu.hk (X.H.)
– name: 4 State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; patrick.tang@cuhk.edu.hk (P.M.-K.T.); vivian.xue@connect.polyu.hk (V.W.X.)
– name: 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Huijun
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1910-3897
  surname: He
  fullname: He, Huijun
  organization: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yu
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6902-2732
  surname: Zhong
  fullname: Zhong, Yu
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Honglian
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Honglian
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Patrick Ming-Kuen
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3194-3736
  surname: Tang
  fullname: Tang, Patrick Ming-Kuen
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Vivian Weiwen
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0737-3593
  surname: Xue
  fullname: Xue, Vivian Weiwen
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Xiaocui
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Xiaocui
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Jiaoyi
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5601-9411
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Jiaoyi
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Xiaoru
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Xiaoru
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Cheng
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1590-7954
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Cheng
  organization: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Huiyao
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4283-9755
  surname: Lan
  fullname: Lan, Huiyao
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptkstuEzEUhi1URC-wZIsssWEzra_j8QpFLYVKqaigsLV8DY5mPMGeVMp78Rw8Ew4ppUHIC1vH3_mPz_F_DA7SmDwALzE6pVSis7gcCmGYYUxl-wQcYUZIg1ArDh6dD8FxKUuECCVcPgOHVHCMMedH4OvnQTsKr72LevIFXkRt_BQtvNiUPq6i80PUUCcHL_U0beA83vkMY4LOnDkDr6P10Gzgrc6LmpYW8OZm9unnj-fgadB98S_u9xPw5fLd7fmHZv7x_dX5bN5YzuTUEOQspyG0xDAhpXDc0Y4jLIlvpWQ00JZ0DnNiiCaiNTwIy7FkraXSGOToCbja6bpRL9Uqx0HnjRp1VL8DY14onWs7vVehE4TbKkgNYyFg0-JakBmuA7aatVXr7U5rtTaDd9anKet-T3T_JsVvajHeKYxoh5gkVeHNvUIev699mdQQi_V9r5Mf10WRjjFUXy9ERV__gy7HdU51VluKIoEr9pda6NpBTGGshe1WVM0El3UwnZCVOv0PVdf282y1S4g1vpfQ7BJsHkvJPjw0iZHaukrtuaryrx5P5oH-YyP6CwJ8xnU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_024_01764_w
crossref_primary_10_1124_pharmrev_123_000955
crossref_primary_10_1667_RADE_23_00202_1
Cites_doi 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41
10.1161/JAHA.120.016947
10.1001/archinte.161.22.2685
10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.011
10.2337/dc16-1787
10.1152/ajprenal.00152.2007
10.1159/000479874
10.3390/ijms22157881
10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.007
10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.42
10.2337/db10-0403
10.1038/sj.emboj.7600437
10.1186/s12933-021-01344-0
10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00269-1
10.3390/cells9112367
10.7150/thno.51857
10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.013
10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8
10.1007/s40265-013-0023-5
10.1074/jbc.M110.138115
10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154013
10.1074/jbc.M212259200
10.3390/ijms19030913
10.7150/ijbs.72977
10.1038/s41419-019-1458-8
10.2337/dc10-2229
10.1111/jcmm.16464
10.3390/ijms19071893
10.2337/db10-0801
10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.009
10.2337/db09-1631
10.3390/ijms23084305
10.3390/biom5020472
10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.011
10.7150/thno.67034
10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.015
10.1194/jlr.M046037
10.1038/nrendo.2016.135
10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154342
10.1186/s12944-016-0270-z
10.3390/biology12060812
10.1038/nm1116
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG
2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2023 by the authors. 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG
– notice: 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2023 by the authors. 2023
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
K9.
M0S
M1P
M2O
MBDVC
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/ijms241411396
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest - Health & Medical Complete保健、医学与药学数据库
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Research Library (ProQuest Database)
Research Library (Corporate)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
PubMed
CrossRef


Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 1422-0067
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_f8725c3623b44ff1b6197d4b5af1ca46
A759152879
10_3390_ijms241411396
37511155
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations United States
China
GeographicLocations_xml – name: China
– name: United States
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: the Health and Medical Research Fund of Hong Kong
  grantid: HMRF 14152321, 06173986, 07180516
– fundername: the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Joint Labs Program from Guangdong Science and Technology Department
  grantid: 2019B121205005
– fundername: the Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine
  grantid: CARE program
– fundername: Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
  grantid: GRF 14117418, 14104019, 17109019, 14101121, R4012-18
– fundername: Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
  grantid: GRF 14104019; 14101121; R4012-18
– fundername: Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (CARE program)
– fundername: Guangdong Science and Technology Department
  grantid: 2019B121205005
– fundername: Health and Medical Research Fund of Hong Kong
  grantid: HMRF 14152321; 06173986
GroupedDBID ---
29J
2WC
3V.
53G
5GY
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8G5
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CS3
D1I
DIK
DU5
DWQXO
E3Z
EBD
EBS
EJD
ESTFP
ESX
F5P
FRP
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
ITC
KB.
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M2O
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
NPM
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PDBOC
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RIG
RNS
RPM
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
~8M
AAHBH
AAYXX
ALIPV
CITATION
BGLVJ
7XB
8FK
K9.
MBDVC
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-20dc53ff62b47997d5d3850192e69943f3628d152b2a276b5f7c51946c39bb0d3
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1422-0067
1661-6596
IngestDate Fri Jul 05 11:55:39 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:31:15 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 16 00:27:35 EDT 2024
Fri Sep 13 04:28:00 EDT 2024
Thu Feb 22 23:25:53 EST 2024
Fri Feb 02 04:44:13 EST 2024
Fri Aug 23 00:56:05 EDT 2024
Thu May 23 23:30:53 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 14
Keywords Smad3 inhibitor
treatment
Smad3
fatty liver
dyslipidemia
diabetes
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c549t-20dc53ff62b47997d5d3850192e69943f3628d152b2a276b5f7c51946c39bb0d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-0737-3593
0000-0003-4283-9755
0000-0001-6902-2732
0000-0002-1590-7954
0000-0003-1910-3897
0000-0001-5601-9411
0000-0002-3194-3736
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10380492/
PMID 37511155
PQID 2843071467
PQPubID 2032341
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_f8725c3623b44ff1b6197d4b5af1ca46
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10380492
proquest_miscellaneous_2844094677
proquest_journals_2843071467
gale_infotracmisc_A759152879
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A759152879
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241411396
pubmed_primary_37511155
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-07-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle International journal of molecular sciences
PublicationTitleAlternate Int J Mol Sci
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Zarei (ref_24) 2021; 114
Ruan (ref_21) 2008; 294
Bril (ref_11) 2017; 40
Hodis (ref_4) 1994; 90
Goldberg (ref_1) 2022; 51
Bojic (ref_27) 2014; 55
Tan (ref_34) 2004; 23
Weidinger (ref_38) 2015; 5
ref_12
Lemieux (ref_7) 2001; 161
Gross (ref_20) 2017; 13
Love (ref_42) 2014; 15
Mosenzon (ref_5) 2021; 20
Liu (ref_25) 2011; 286
ref_31
ref_30
Liu (ref_39) 2015; 6
Kaze (ref_3) 2021; 10
Sheng (ref_13) 2021; 11
Wang (ref_16) 2022; 12
Arguello (ref_22) 2015; 1852
Chung (ref_18) 2022; 18
Wang (ref_28) 2003; 113
Xu (ref_14) 2020; 103
Su (ref_6) 2017; 3
Anstee (ref_10) 2013; 10
Tan (ref_35) 2011; 60
ref_23
Zhou (ref_8) 2016; 15
Li (ref_19) 2010; 59
ref_41
Dong (ref_15) 2021; 25
ref_29
Tong (ref_26) 2019; 10
Choy (ref_33) 2003; 278
Chehade (ref_2) 2013; 73
Yadav (ref_36) 2011; 14
Grzych (ref_37) 2021; 92
Cheng (ref_32) 2004; 10
Williamson (ref_9) 2011; 34
Chen (ref_17) 2011; 60
Lin (ref_40) 2013; 58
References_xml – volume: 10
  start-page: 330
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41
  contributor:
    fullname: Anstee
– volume: 10
  start-page: e016947
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from the Look AHEAD Study
  publication-title: J. Am. Heart Assoc.
  doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016947
  contributor:
    fullname: Kaze
– volume: 161
  start-page: 2685
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio vs LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio as indices of ischemic heart disease risk in men: The Quebec Cardiovascular Study
  publication-title: Arch. Intern. Med.
  doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.22.2685
  contributor:
    fullname: Lemieux
– volume: 51
  start-page: 603
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: When and How to Treat?
  publication-title: Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.011
  contributor:
    fullname: Goldberg
– volume: 40
  start-page: 419
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Call to Action
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/dc16-1787
  contributor:
    fullname: Bril
– volume: 294
  start-page: F1032-47
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: PPARs and the kidney in metabolic syndrome
  publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00152.2007
  contributor:
    fullname: Ruan
– volume: 3
  start-page: 171
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Crosstalk of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Kidney Disease
  publication-title: Kidney Dis.
  doi: 10.1159/000479874
  contributor:
    fullname: Su
– ident: ref_12
  doi: 10.3390/ijms22157881
– volume: 92
  start-page: 71
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Antioxidants other than vitamin C may be detected by glucose meters: Immediate relevance for patients with disorders targeted by antioxidant therapies
  publication-title: Clin. Biochem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.007
  contributor:
    fullname: Grzych
– volume: 90
  start-page: 42
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins have a differential effect on mild/moderate and severe lesion progression as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography in a controlled trial of lovastatin
  publication-title: Circulation
  doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.42
  contributor:
    fullname: Hodis
– volume: 60
  start-page: 590
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: The protective role of Smad7 in diabetic kidney disease: Mechanism and therapeutic potential
  publication-title: Diabetes
  doi: 10.2337/db10-0403
  contributor:
    fullname: Chen
– volume: 23
  start-page: 4211
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Essential role of Smad3 in the inhibition of inflammation-induced PPARbeta/delta expression
  publication-title: EMBO J.
  doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600437
  contributor:
    fullname: Tan
– volume: 20
  start-page: 154
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: CAPTURE: A multinational, cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease prevalence in adults with type 2 diabetes across 13 countries
  publication-title: Cardiovasc. Diabetol.
  doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01344-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Mosenzon
– volume: 113
  start-page: 159
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta activates fat metabolism to prevent obesity
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00269-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– ident: ref_29
  doi: 10.3390/cells9112367
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2845
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Smad3 deficiency promotes beta cell proliferation and function in db/db mice via restoring Pax6 expression
  publication-title: Theranostics
  doi: 10.7150/thno.51857
  contributor:
    fullname: Sheng
– volume: 14
  start-page: 67
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Protection from obesity and diabetes by blockade of TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling
  publication-title: Cell Metab.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.013
  contributor:
    fullname: Yadav
– volume: 15
  start-page: 550
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
  publication-title: Genome Biol.
  doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Love
– volume: 73
  start-page: 327
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, pathophysiology, and management
  publication-title: Drugs
  doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0023-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Chehade
– volume: 286
  start-page: 1237
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {delta}/{beta} in hepatic metabolic regulation
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.138115
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 103
  start-page: 154013
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Deletion of Smad3 prevents renal fibrosis and inflammation in type 2 diabetic nephropathy
  publication-title: Metabolism
  doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154013
  contributor:
    fullname: Xu
– volume: 278
  start-page: 9609
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits adipocyte differentiation by Smad3 interacting with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and repressing C/EBP transactivation function
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M212259200
  contributor:
    fullname: Choy
– ident: ref_30
  doi: 10.3390/ijms19030913
– volume: 18
  start-page: 5489
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: AANG Prevents Smad3-dependent Diabetic Nephropathy by Restoring Pancreatic beta-Cell Development in db/db Mice
  publication-title: Int. J. Biol. Sci.
  doi: 10.7150/ijbs.72977
  contributor:
    fullname: Chung
– volume: 10
  start-page: 197
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: PPARdelta attenuates hepatic steatosis through autophagy-mediated fatty acid oxidation
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis.
  doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1458-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Tong
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1139
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes: The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
  publication-title: Diabetes Care
  doi: 10.2337/dc10-2229
  contributor:
    fullname: Williamson
– volume: 25
  start-page: 4860
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Deletion of Smad3 protects against diabetic myocardiopathy in db/db mice
  publication-title: J. Cell Mol. Med.
  doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16464
  contributor:
    fullname: Dong
– ident: ref_23
  doi: 10.3390/ijms19071893
– volume: 60
  start-page: 464
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Smad3 deficiency in mice protects against insulin resistance and obesity induced by a high-fat diet
  publication-title: Diabetes
  doi: 10.2337/db10-0801
  contributor:
    fullname: Tan
– volume: 6
  start-page: 565
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Reciprocal regulation of TGF-beta and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis
  publication-title: Redox Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.009
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 59
  start-page: 2612
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Blockade of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by a Smad3 inhibitor delays the early development of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy
  publication-title: Diabetes
  doi: 10.2337/db09-1631
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– ident: ref_31
  doi: 10.3390/ijms23084305
– volume: 5
  start-page: 472
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction
  publication-title: Biomolecules
  doi: 10.3390/biom5020472
  contributor:
    fullname: Weidinger
– volume: 58
  start-page: 993
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Pharmacological promotion of autophagy alleviates steatosis and injury in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver conditions in mice
  publication-title: J. Hepatol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.011
  contributor:
    fullname: Lin
– volume: 12
  start-page: 379
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Smad3 deficiency improves islet-based therapy for diabetes and diabetic kidney injury by promoting beta cell proliferation via the E2F3-dependent mechanism
  publication-title: Theranostics
  doi: 10.7150/thno.67034
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 1852
  start-page: 1765
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Recent insights on the role of cholesterol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.015
  contributor:
    fullname: Arguello
– volume: 55
  start-page: 1254
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: PPARdelta activation attenuates hepatic steatosis in Ldlr-/- mice by enhanced fat oxidation, reduced lipogenesis, and improved insulin sensitivity
  publication-title: J. Lipid Res.
  doi: 10.1194/jlr.M046037
  contributor:
    fullname: Bojic
– volume: 13
  start-page: 36
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: PPARs in obesity-induced T2DM, dyslipidaemia and NAFLD
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.135
  contributor:
    fullname: Gross
– volume: 114
  start-page: 154342
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Revealing the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  publication-title: Metabolism
  doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154342
  contributor:
    fullname: Zarei
– volume: 15
  start-page: 104
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance but not of beta cell function in a Chinese population with different glucose tolerance status
  publication-title: Lipids Health Dis.
  doi: 10.1186/s12944-016-0270-z
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou
– ident: ref_41
  doi: 10.3390/biology12060812
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1245
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Cardiomyocyte-restricted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta deletion perturbs myocardial fatty acid oxidation and leads to cardiomyopathy
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm1116
  contributor:
    fullname: Cheng
SSID ssj0023259
Score 2.4343977
Snippet Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 11396
SubjectTerms Blood sugar
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Diabetic nephropathy
Diagnostic reagents industry
Disease
dyslipidemia
Fatty acids
Fatty liver
Health aspects
High density lipoprotein
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Lipids
Liver
Metabolic disorders
Physiological aspects
Scientific equipment and supplies industry
Smad3
Smad3 inhibitor
Transforming growth factors
treatment
Type 2 diabetes
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LixQxEC5kQfAirs92V4kgempm8-4cx8ewiCOL7sreQh4dHGF7xek9zP_yd_ibrHR6hmk8ePHaSaDzVSr1FVS-AnipDKcicF87E1yNnihrF4WqGyFxRcNiOMkPhZef1OmF-HApL_dafeWasCIPXICbpUYzGfCa5V6IlKhHxq-j8NIlGpwoYttUbpOpMdXibGiTRjH61EoaVdQ1OSb4s9X3qzWGLUGR-6hJNBpE-_--mvdi07Ruci8QLe7B3ZFBknn580O41Xb34XbpKbl5AF-_XLnIyXJowdGuSSl5WQXyboOUsvSDdcR1kSxc32_Ix1yYQVYdiX4WPVnixUH8hpwPFeIY18jZ2fzz718P4WLx_vztaT02T6gDpnw9nv4YJE9JMS-0Qchk5I3MhK5VxgieENImYvT2zDGtvEw6IJsTKnDj_Unkj-Cgu-7aJ0BEDFphpuM0cg9PjfOUucQjR3ZhRKQVvNqCaH8UjQyLuUVG207QruBNhng3KUtbDx_Q4HY0uP2XwSt4nQ1kswOiFYIb3xHgv2YpKzvX0uC2Gm0qOJ7MRMcJ0-Gtie3ouGuL0ZrnN11KV_BiN5xX5mK0rr2-GebkrFhpnPO4nIjdlrhGBoscrYJmclYme56OdKtvg6x3lqrHfI09_R8oHcEdhm5QCouP4aD_edM-Q_rU--eDp_wBA5QUQw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZKKyQuiPIMtMhICE5RGj_jE9o-VivEVqvSot4iP-KySM2WbnrY_8Xv4Dcxk2SXRkhcYzuyx_P4xh7PEPJeGZ4Lz11qjbcpSKJMbRAqLYSEEQUL_gAfCk9P1eRCfL6Ul1tksn4Lg2GVa53YKuqw8HhGnoEa5fjYRunMOjwF8E326eZnivWj8J61L6bxgOywXOCF7c7hyensbON8cdYWTsvBHqVKGtXl2-Tg8mfzH9dLMGQiBzSkBvapTeP_r7K-Z62GkZT3TNP4CXncY0o66phgl2xV9VPysKsyuXpGvn29toHTaVuUo1rSLghm7unxCkBmVyHWUlsHOrZNs6JfMFSDzmsaXBYcnYIqoW5Fz9uYcbB0dDYbnf3-9ZxcjE_OjyZpX04h9eAENiAPwUseo2JOaGN0kIEXEiFepYwRPIItKwLYc8cs08rJqD3gO6E8N84dBP6CbNeLunpFqAheK_B9rAY04nJjXc5s5IED3jAi5An5sCZiedNlzSjB20BqlwNqJ-QQSbzphMmu2w-L26uyl50yFppJD7PjTogYcwdOnw7CSRtzbwX85CNuUIkiiYxh-5cFMFdMblWOtDSwrEKbhOwNeoIo-WHzeovLXpSX5V_GS8i7TTOOxPC0ulrctX3QT1Ya-rzsOGKzJK4B0wJqS0gx4JXBmoct9fx7m-gbk9eDB8de_39eb8gjBgzeBRHvke3m9q7aB6jUuLe9FPwBT0oQyQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access(OpenAccess)
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3bjtMwEB3BIiReEHcCCzISgqewG1_jB4TKpVohilawRftm-RJDEZtCm5XIf_EdfBPjJC0bLY-81nYVj2dyzlHGMwCPpWYF98zlVnubYySK3AYu85ILXFHS4PfTReHZe3kw52-PxfHfkkKDAdf_lHapn9R89e3Zzx_tCwz450lxomTfW3w9WSMQ8QLZjLwIlyhnPDn7jG8_KCBv6PqmFQhHuRRa9uU2zy8fwVNXxf_8u_oMWI0TKc8g0_QaXB0oJZn0PnAdLlT1DbjcN5lsb8Knjyc2MDLrenJUa9LnwCw8ed0ix-wbxFpi60Cmtmla8i5lapBFTYLbC47M8E1CXEuOupRxBDpyeDj58PvXLZhP3xy9OsiHbgq5Rw3YYDgEL1iMkjqutFZBBFaKxPAqqTVnEaGsDAjnjlqqpBNReaR3XHqmndsP7Dbs1Mu6uguEB68kSh-rkIy4QltXUBtZYEg3NA9FBk82RjTf-6IZBsVGsrYZWTuDl8nE20mp1nX3w3L12QyhY2KpqPD4dMxxHmPhUPOpwJ2wsfCW4588TQdkko_gKXg7XCzAZ021rcxECY3bKpXOYHc0EyPJj4c3R2w2jmgQvlm65CVVBo-2w2llyk6rq-VpNyfJZKlwzp3eI7ZbYgopLZK2DMqRr4z2PB6pF1-6Ot-pdj0KOHrvf1jpPlyhGAZ9pvEu7DSr0-oB8qnGPewi5Q_Jwhuf
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Smad3 Mediates Diabetic Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver in db/db Mice by Targeting PPARδ
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37511155
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2843071467/abstract/
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2844094677
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10380492
https://doaj.org/article/f8725c3623b44ff1b6197d4b5af1ca46
Volume 24
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Jb9QwFLbaIiQuiJ1AiYyE4JSmibf4OF2GCpFqVFo0t8hLQlMxmaqTHuZ_8Tv4TTw7yWii3rjkENuRl_f8fS96C0KfuCQJNURHShoVgSaySFnKo4wyGJGl1hy6QOH8nJ9d0W9zNt9BfIiF8U77RtcHze_FQVNfe9_K24WJBz-xeJYfu6TewGzTeBftCkIGG703swgw-i6bJgGDPq5vFiuAKZoA13EFi4gAjpG40L4tIPL5-h_eyluwNHaZ3MKg6TP0tCePeNJN8jnaKZsX6HFXTnL9Ev38sVCW4NxX3yhXuPN2qQ0-WQOb7ErBKqwai6eqbdf4u_PJwHWDrY6txjncGViv8aV3DgdIw7PZ5OLvn1foanp6eXwW9XUTIgPWXguCbw0jVcVTTYWUwjJLMua4XMmlpKQC0MosALdOVSq4ZpUwQOQoN0RqfWjJa7TXLJvyLcLUGsHByFECaIdOpNJJqipiCRALSW0SoM_DJha3XXqMAswKt_HFaOMDdOS2eNPJZbX2L5Z3v4r-bIsqEykzMDuiKa2qRIN1JyzVTFWJURQ-8sUdUOF0D07BqD6EAObqslgVE8EkLCsTMkD7o56gM2bcPBxx0evsqgCgJi6ci4sAfdw0u5HOD60pl_e-jzOIuYA-bzqJ2CxpEKwAZSNZGa153AIC7jN6DwL97v-HvkdPUpD9zpN4H-21d_flB-BLrQ5BSeYCntn0a4geHZ2ezy5C_-8hdDjG4JnTLPRK9A9CHBku
link.rule.ids 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,2236,12083,12792,21416,24346,27957,27958,31754,31755,33408,33409,33779,33780,43345,43635,43840,53827,53829,74102,74392,74659
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bb9MwFLZgCMHLxJ2wDYyE4Cnq4mv8hMqlKtBOE3Sob5YvMRRp6Vizh_4vfsd-E8dO2i1C4jV2Ivtcv-Mcn4PQK6FowRy1uVHO5KCJPDeeibxkHN4oiXeH8aLw9EiMT9jnOZ93B26rLq1yYxOTofZLF8_IB2BGabxsI-Tbs9957BoV_652LTRuoluMUhZT-uT8KuCiJDVLK8AH5YIr0dbYpBDmDxa_TlfgvFgBCEj0fFIq3f-vgb7mofrZk9fc0ege2u1wJB62jL-PblT1A3S77Sy5foi-fzs1nuJpasRRrXCb-LJw-MMagGXbFdZgU3s8Mk2zxpOYnoEXNfZ24C2egvnAdo1nKU8cvBs-Ph5-vfzzCJ2MPs7ej_OuhULuIPBrQAe84zQEQSyTSknPPS15hHWVUIrRAP6r9ODDLTFECsuDdIDpmHBUWXvo6WO0Uy_r6inCzDspIN4xEhCILZSxBTGBegoYQzFfZOj1hoj6rK2UoSHCiNTWPWpn6F0k8XZSLHCdHizPf-hOX3QoJeEOVkctYyEUFgI96ZnlJhTOMPjIm8ggHdUQuOBMd5sA1hoLWumh5Aq2VUqVof3eTFAf1x_esFh36rvSV8KWoZfb4fhmTEmrq-VFmhNjYyFhzpNWIrZbohJwLCC1DJU9WentuT9SL36m4t6xYD1EbeTZ_9f1At0Zz6YTPfl09GUP3SUg7G0S8T7aac4vqgOASo19nvThL5PvDpY
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bb9MwFLZgCMQLGrcRGGAkBE9Rm_gWP6HCqAasUwUb6pvlS7wVaelYs4f-L34Hv2nHjtstQuI1tiNfzuU7yedzEHrLJSmoJSbX0uocNJHl2lGeV5TBiKp0dhguCk8O-f4x_Tpjs8R_WiZa5domRkPtFjZ8Ix-AGSXhsg0XA59oEdO98Yfz33moIBX-tKZyGrfRHfCSw1DNQMyugy9SxsJpBfijnDPJu3ybBEL-wfzX2RIcGS0ADfGef4pp_P811je8VZ9JecM1jbfRg4Qp8agTgofoVt08Qne7KpOrx-jnjzPtCJ7Eohz1EnckmLnFeysAmV2FWI114_BYt-0KHwSqBp432JmBM3gCpgSbFT6KnHHwdHg6HX3_--cJOh5_Pvq0n6dyCrmFILAFfXCWEe95aaiQUjjmSMUCxKu5lJR48GWVA39uSl0KbpgXFvAd5ZZIY4aOPEVbzaKpnyFMnRUcYh8tAI2YQmpTlNoTRwBvSOqKDL1bb6I677JmKIg2wm6r3m5n6GPY4k2nkOw6PlhcnKikO8pXomQWZkcMpd4XBoI-4ahh2hdWU3jJ-3BAKqgknILV6WYBzDUkt1IjwSQsqxIyQ7u9nqBKtt-8PmKVVHmprgUvQ282zWFkoKc19eIy9glxMhfQZ6eTiM2SiABMC6gtQ1VPVnpr7rc089OY6Dskr4cIrnz-_3m9RvdAFdTBl8NvL9D9EmS94xPvoq324rJ-CaipNa-iOlwBXdgSwg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Smad3+Mediates+Diabetic+Dyslipidemia+and+Fatty+Liver+in+db%2Fdb+Mice+by+Targeting+PPAR%CE%B4&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+molecular+sciences&rft.au=Huijun+He&rft.au=Yu+Zhong&rft.au=Honglian+Wang&rft.au=Patrick+Ming-Kuen+Tang&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.issn=1661-6596&rft.eissn=1422-0067&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=11396&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fijms241411396&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_f8725c3623b44ff1b6197d4b5af1ca46
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1422-0067&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1422-0067&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1422-0067&client=summon