Synthesis, Curing and Thermal Behavior of Amine Hardeners from Potentially Renewable Sources

Research into bio-based epoxy resins has intensified in recent decades. Here, it is of great importance to use raw materials whose use does not compete with food production. In addition, the performance of the newly developed materials should be comparable to that of conventional products. Possible...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPolymers Vol. 15; no. 4; p. 990
Main Authors Wiegand, Torben, Osburg, Andrea
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
amine hardener
Amines
aniline
Bisphenol A
Chromatography
Curing
curing agent
Degradation
Diamines
epoxy
Epoxy resins
Hardeners
Ions
Lignin
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Phenols
Polymers
Potassium
Pyrolysis
Raw materials
Scientific imaging
Solvents
Synthesis
syringaldehyde
Thermal stability
Thermodynamic properties
Thermogravimetric analysis
Vanillin
Massachusetts
Germany
United States > US
TG-MS
bio-based
amine hardener
curing agent
syringaldehyde
DSC
epoxy
renewable
aniline
vanillin
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Summary:Research into bio-based epoxy resins has intensified in recent decades. Here, it is of great importance to use raw materials whose use does not compete with food production. In addition, the performance of the newly developed materials should be comparable to that of conventional products. Possible starting materials are lignin degradation products, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, for which new synthesis routes to the desired products must be found and their properties determined. In this article, the first synthesis of two amine hardeners, starting with vanillin and syringaldehyde, using the Smiles rearrangement reaction is reported. The amine hardeners were mixed with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and the curing was compared to isophorone diamine, 4-4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and 4-Aminonbenzylamine by means of differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the two amines prepared are cold-curing. As TG-MS studies showed, the thermal stability of at least one of the polymers prepared with the potentially bio-based amines is comparable to that of the polymer prepared with isophorone diamine, and similar degradation products are formed during pyrolysis.
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ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym15040990