Differential regulation of cytosolic and peroxisomal bile acid amidation by PPARα activation favors the formation of unconjugated bile acids
In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine (amidation) is catalyzed by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases (BACATs). Both pathways exist in peroxisomes and cytosol. Bile ac...
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Published in | Journal of lipid research Vol. 45; no. 6; pp. 1051 - 1060 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.06.2004
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Abstract | In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine (amidation) is catalyzed by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases (BACATs). Both pathways exist in peroxisomes and cytosol. Bile acid amidation facilitates biliary excretion, whereas the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids may become hepatotoxic. We hypothesized that the formation of unconjugated and conjugated bile acids from their common substrate bile acid-CoA thioesters by BACTE and BACAT is regulated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Livers from wild-type and PPARα-null mice either untreated or treated with the PPARα activator WY-14,643 were analyzed for BACTE and BACAT expression. The total liver capacity of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate formation was decreased in WY-14,643-treated wild-type mice by 60% and 40%, respectively, but not in PPARα-null mice. Suppression of the peroxisomal BACAT activity was responsible for the decrease in liver capacity, whereas cytosolic BACAT activity was essentially unchanged by the treatment. In both cytosol and peroxisomes, the BACTE activities and protein levels were upregulated 5- to 10-fold by the treatment. These effects caused by WY-14,643 treatment were abolished in PPARα-null mice.
The results from this study suggest that an increased formation of unconjugated bile acids occurs during PPARα activation. |
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AbstractList | In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine (amidation) is catalyzed by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases (BACATs). Both pathways exist in peroxisomes and cytosol. Bile acid amidation facilitates biliary excretion, whereas the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids may become hepatotoxic. We hypothesized that the formation of unconjugated and conjugated bile acids from their common substrate bile acid-CoA thioesters by BACTE and BACAT is regulated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Livers from wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice either untreated or treated with the PPARalpha activator WY-14,643 were analyzed for BACTE and BACAT expression. The total liver capacity of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate formation was decreased in WY-14,643-treated wild-type mice by 60% and 40%, respectively, but not in PPARalpha-null mice. Suppression of the peroxisomal BACAT activity was responsible for the decrease in liver capacity, whereas cytosolic BACAT activity was essentially unchanged by the treatment. In both cytosol and peroxisomes, the BACTE activities and protein levels were upregulated 5- to 10-fold by the treatment. These effects caused by WY-14,643 treatment were abolished in PPARalpha-null mice. The results from this study suggest that an increased formation of unconjugated bile acids occurs during PPARalpha activation. In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine (amidation) is catalyzed by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases (BACATs). Both pathways exist in peroxisomes and cytosol. Bile acid amidation facilitates biliary excretion, whereas the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids may become hepatotoxic. We hypothesized that the formation of unconjugated and conjugated bile acids from their common substrate bile acid-CoA thioesters by BACTE and BACAT is regulated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Livers from wild-type and PPARα-null mice either untreated or treated with the PPARα activator WY-14,643 were analyzed for BACTE and BACAT expression. The total liver capacity of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate formation was decreased in WY-14,643-treated wild-type mice by 60% and 40%, respectively, but not in PPARα-null mice. Suppression of the peroxisomal BACAT activity was responsible for the decrease in liver capacity, whereas cytosolic BACAT activity was essentially unchanged by the treatment. In both cytosol and peroxisomes, the BACTE activities and protein levels were upregulated 5- to 10-fold by the treatment. These effects caused by WY-14,643 treatment were abolished in PPARα-null mice.The results from this study suggest that an increased formation of unconjugated bile acids occurs during PPARα activation. In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or glycine (amidation) is catalyzed by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases (BACATs). Both pathways exist in peroxisomes and cytosol. Bile acid amidation facilitates biliary excretion, whereas the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids may become hepatotoxic. We hypothesized that the formation of unconjugated and conjugated bile acids from their common substrate bile acid-CoA thioesters by BACTE and BACAT is regulated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Livers from wild-type and PPARα-null mice either untreated or treated with the PPARα activator WY-14,643 were analyzed for BACTE and BACAT expression. The total liver capacity of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate formation was decreased in WY-14,643-treated wild-type mice by 60% and 40%, respectively, but not in PPARα-null mice. Suppression of the peroxisomal BACAT activity was responsible for the decrease in liver capacity, whereas cytosolic BACAT activity was essentially unchanged by the treatment. In both cytosol and peroxisomes, the BACTE activities and protein levels were upregulated 5- to 10-fold by the treatment. These effects caused by WY-14,643 treatment were abolished in PPARα-null mice. The results from this study suggest that an increased formation of unconjugated bile acids occurs during PPARα activation. |
Author | Pham, Viet Solaas, Karianne Alexson, Stefan E.H. Hunt, Mary C. Bamberg, Krister Kase, B. Frode |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Karianne surname: Solaas fullname: Solaas, Karianne organization: Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: B. Frode surname: Kase fullname: Kase, B. Frode email: b.f.kase@klinmed.uio.no organization: Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway – sequence: 3 givenname: Viet surname: Pham fullname: Pham, Viet organization: Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway – sequence: 4 givenname: Krister surname: Bamberg fullname: Bamberg, Krister organization: Department of Molecular Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: Mary C. surname: Hunt fullname: Hunt, Mary C. organization: Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Stefan E.H. surname: Alexson fullname: Alexson, Stefan E.H. organization: Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026425$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:1958023$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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Keywords | cholestyramine bile acid-coenzyme A:amino acid N-acyltransferase bile acid-coenzyme thioesterase farnesoid X receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α |
Language | English |
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Snippet | In human liver, unconjugated bile acids can be formed by the action of bile acid-CoA thioesterases (BACTEs), whereas bile acid conjugation with taurine or... |
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SubjectTerms | Acyltransferases - genetics Acyltransferases - metabolism Amides - metabolism Animals bile acid-coenzyme A:amino acid N-acyltransferase bile acid-coenzyme thioesterase Bile Acids and Salts - chemistry Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism Catalase - metabolism cholestyramine Cytosol - metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Down-Regulation farnesoid X receptor Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Male Medicin och hälsovetenskap Mice Mice, Knockout peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α Peroxisomes - drug effects Peroxisomes - enzymology Peroxisomes - genetics Peroxisomes - metabolism PPAR alpha - deficiency PPAR alpha - genetics PPAR alpha - metabolism Pyrimidines - pharmacology Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear RNA, Messenger - genetics Subcellular Fractions - metabolism Thiolester Hydrolases - metabolism Transcription Factors - antagonists & inhibitors Transcription Factors - metabolism |
Title | Differential regulation of cytosolic and peroxisomal bile acid amidation by PPARα activation favors the formation of unconjugated bile acids |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300291-JLR200 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026425 http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:1958023 https://doaj.org/article/ee9730ab01f54a58be993c30a9dd3e52 |
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