Feeding the immune system

A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifyi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inProceedings of the Nutrition Society Vol. 72; no. 3; pp. 299 - 309
Main Author Calder, Philip C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.08.2013
Subjects
Adaptive immunity
Amino acids
Animals
Antigens
Antioxidants
body composition
cell-mediated immunity
Conference on ‘Transforming the nutrition landscape in Africa’
Enzymes
Food
food composition
gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immune System - metabolism
Immune System - microbiology
immunocompetence
immunologic memory
Immunology
infants
intestinal microorganisms
iron
laboratory animals
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Lymphoid Tissue - metabolism
Lymphoid Tissue - microbiology
Malnutrition
Nutrition
Nutritional status
Nutritional Status - physiology
Pathogens
Plenary Session 1
probiotics
Probiotics - administration & dosage
protein energy malnutrition
Protein synthesis
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - diet therapy
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - immunology
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - metabolism
selenium
Thymus gland
Trace Elements - administration & dosage
vitamin A
Vitamins
Vitamins - administration & dosage
zinc
South Africa
Africa
Infection
Nutrient
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Lymphocyte
Cytokine
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0029-6651
1475-2719
1475-2719
DOI10.1017/S0029665113001286

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Abstract A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifying and tolerating non-threatening sources of antigens, and by maintaining a memory of immunological encounters. The immune system is complex involving many different cell types distributed throughout the body and many different chemical mediators some of which are involved directly in defence while others have a regulatory role. Babies are born with an immature immune system that fully develops in the first few years of life. Immune competence can decline with ageing. The sub-optimal immune competence that occurs early and late in life increases susceptibility to infection. Undernutrition decreases immune defences, making an individual more susceptible to infection. However, the immune response to an infection can itself impair nutritional status and alter body composition. Practically all forms of immunity are affected by protein–energy malnutrition, but non-specific defences and cell-mediated immunity are most severely affected. Micronutrient deficiencies impair immune function. Here, vitamins A, D and E, and Zn, Fe and Se are discussed. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is especially important in health and well-being because of its close proximity to a large and diverse population of organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and its exposure to food constituents. Certain probiotic bacteria which modify the gut microbiota enhance immune function in laboratory animals and may do so in human subjects.
AbstractList A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifying and tolerating non-threatening sources of antigens, and by maintaining a memory of immunological encounters. The immune system is complex involving many different cell types distributed throughout the body and many different chemical mediators some of which are involved directly in defence while others have a regulatory role. Babies are born with an immature immune system that fully develops in the first few years of life. Immune competence can decline with ageing. The sub-optimal immune competence that occurs early and late in life increases susceptibility to infection. Undernutrition decreases immune defences, making an individual more susceptible to infection. However, the immune response to an infection can itself impair nutritional status and alter body composition. Practically all forms of immunity are affected by protein–energy malnutrition, but non-specific defences and cell-mediated immunity are most severely affected. Micronutrient deficiencies impair immune function. Here, vitamins A, D and E, and Zn, Fe and Se are discussed. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is especially important in health and well-being because of its close proximity to a large and diverse population of organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and its exposure to food constituents. Certain probiotic bacteria which modify the gut microbiota enhance immune function in laboratory animals and may do so in human subjects.
A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifying and tolerating non-threatening sources of antigens, and by maintaining a memory of immunological encounters. The immune system is complex involving many different cell types distributed throughout the body and many different chemical mediators some of which are involved directly in defence while others have a regulatory role. Babies are born with an immature immune system that fully develops in the first few years of life. Immune competence can decline with ageing. The sub-optimal immune competence that occurs early and late in life increases susceptibility to infection. Undernutrition decreases immune defences, making an individual more susceptible to infection. However, the immune response to an infection can itself impair nutritional status and alter body composition. Practically all forms of immunity are affected by protein-energy malnutrition, but non-specific defences and cell-mediated immunity are most severely affected. Micronutrient deficiencies impair immune function. Here, vitamins A, D and E, and Zn, Fe and Se are discussed. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is especially important in health and well-being because of its close proximity to a large and diverse population of organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and its exposure to food constituents. Certain probiotic bacteria which modify the gut microbiota enhance immune function in laboratory animals and may do so in human subjects. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifying and tolerating non-threatening sources of antigens, and by maintaining a memory of immunological encounters. The immune system is complex involving many different cell types distributed throughout the body and many different chemical mediators some of which are involved directly in defence while others have a regulatory role. Babies are born with an immature immune system that fully develops in the first few years of life. Immune competence can decline with ageing. The sub-optimal immune competence that occurs early and late in life increases susceptibility to infection. Undernutrition decreases immune defences, making an individual more susceptible to infection. However, the immune response to an infection can itself impair nutritional status and alter body composition. Practically all forms of immunity are affected by protein-energy malnutrition, but non-specific defences and cell-mediated immunity are most severely affected. Micronutrient deficiencies impair immune function. Here, vitamins A, D and E, and Zn, Fe and Se are discussed. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is especially important in health and well-being because of its close proximity to a large and diverse population of organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and its exposure to food constituents. Certain probiotic bacteria which modify the gut microbiota enhance immune function in laboratory animals and may do so in human subjects.A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food components and to self. The immune system works by providing an exclusion barrier, by identifying and eliminating pathogens and by identifying and tolerating non-threatening sources of antigens, and by maintaining a memory of immunological encounters. The immune system is complex involving many different cell types distributed throughout the body and many different chemical mediators some of which are involved directly in defence while others have a regulatory role. Babies are born with an immature immune system that fully develops in the first few years of life. Immune competence can decline with ageing. The sub-optimal immune competence that occurs early and late in life increases susceptibility to infection. Undernutrition decreases immune defences, making an individual more susceptible to infection. However, the immune response to an infection can itself impair nutritional status and alter body composition. Practically all forms of immunity are affected by protein-energy malnutrition, but non-specific defences and cell-mediated immunity are most severely affected. Micronutrient deficiencies impair immune function. Here, vitamins A, D and E, and Zn, Fe and Se are discussed. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is especially important in health and well-being because of its close proximity to a large and diverse population of organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and its exposure to food constituents. Certain probiotic bacteria which modify the gut microbiota enhance immune function in laboratory animals and may do so in human subjects.
Author Calder, Philip C.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Philip C.
  surname: Calder
  fullname: Calder, Philip C.
  email: pcc@soton.ac.uk
  organization: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK and National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23688939$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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10.1093/jn/130.5.1407S
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Snippet A well-functioning immune system is key to providing good defence against pathogenic organisms and to providing tolerance to non-threatening organisms, to food...
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SubjectTerms Adaptive immunity
Amino acids
Animals
Antigens
Antioxidants
body composition
cell-mediated immunity
Conference on ‘Transforming the nutrition landscape in Africa’
Enzymes
Food
food composition
gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immune System - metabolism
Immune System - microbiology
immunocompetence
immunologic memory
Immunology
infants
intestinal microorganisms
iron
laboratory animals
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Lymphoid Tissue - metabolism
Lymphoid Tissue - microbiology
Malnutrition
Nutrition
Nutritional status
Nutritional Status - physiology
Pathogens
Plenary Session 1
probiotics
Probiotics - administration & dosage
protein energy malnutrition
Protein synthesis
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - diet therapy
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - immunology
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - metabolism
selenium
Thymus gland
Trace Elements - administration & dosage
vitamin A
Vitamins
Vitamins - administration & dosage
zinc
Title Feeding the immune system
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Volume 72
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