Red‐winged blackbirds nesting nearer to yellow warbler and conspecific nests experience less brood parasitism

In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby bro...

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Published inEcology and evolution Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. e9818 - n/a
Main Authors Lawson, Shelby L., Enos, Janice K., Gill, Sharon A., Hauber, Mark E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.02.2023
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Abstract In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls. Yellow warbler hosts of brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds respond to parasites with referential alarm calls. Red‐winged blackbirds respond to these alarm calls with anti‐cowbird defenses. We discovered that nests of blackbirds that are closer to warblers have lower parasitism rates.
AbstractList In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls. Yellow warbler hosts of brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds respond to parasites with referential alarm calls. Red‐winged blackbirds respond to these alarm calls with anti‐cowbird defenses. We discovered that nests of blackbirds that are closer to warblers have lower parasitism rates.
In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
Abstract In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers ( ) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds ( ), and red-winged blackbirds ( ) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers ( Setophaga petechia ) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ), and red‐winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers ( Setophaga petechia ) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ), and red‐winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls. Yellow warbler hosts of brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds respond to parasites with referential alarm calls. Red‐winged blackbirds respond to these alarm calls with anti‐cowbird defenses. We discovered that nests of blackbirds that are closer to warblers have lower parasitism rates.
In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
Author Hauber, Mark E.
Enos, Janice K.
Lawson, Shelby L.
Gill, Sharon A.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USA
3 Department of Biological Sciences Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan USA
1 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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  fullname: Enos, Janice K.
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36789338$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 2
Keywords brown‐headed cowbirds
referential alarm calls
yellow warbler
neighboring species
red‐winged blackbird
Language English
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Snippet In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific...
Abstract In functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a...
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SubjectTerms Antiparasitic agents
Behavioural Ecology
Birds
Brood parasitism
brown‐headed cowbirds
Communications systems
Conspecifics
Eavesdropping
Eggs
Nature Notes
neighboring species
Nesting
Nests
Parasites
Parasitism
Probability
red‐winged blackbird
referential alarm calls
Regression analysis
yellow warbler
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Title Red‐winged blackbirds nesting nearer to yellow warbler and conspecific nests experience less brood parasitism
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Volume 13
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