Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits...

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Published inThe New phytologist Vol. 232; no. 3; pp. 1123 - 1158
Main Authors Freschet, Grégoire T., Roumet, Catherine, Comas, Louise H., Weemstra, Monique, Bengough, A. Glyn, Rewald, Boris, Bardgett, Richard D., De Deyn, Gerlinde B., Johnson, David, Klimešová, Jitka, Lukac, Martin, McCormack, M. Luke, Meier, Ina C., Pagès, Loïc, Poorter, Hendrik, Prieto, Iván, Wurzburger, Nina, Zadworny, Marcin, Bagniewska‐Zadworna, Agnieszka, Blancaflor, Elison B., Brunner, Ivano, Gessler, Arthur, Hobbie, Sarah E., Iversen, Colleen M., Mommer, Liesje, Picon‐Cochard, Catherine, Postma, Johannes A., Rose, Laura, Ryser, Peter, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Sun, Tao, Valverde‐Barrantes, Oscar J., Weigelt, Alexandra, York, Larry M., Stokes, Alexia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2021
Wiley
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Abstract Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis‐based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
AbstractList The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis‐based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. Finally, we also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis‐based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
Author Klimešová, Jitka
Gessler, Arthur
Meier, Ina C.
Poorter, Hendrik
Sun, Tao
De Deyn, Gerlinde B.
Wurzburger, Nina
Blancaflor, Elison B.
McCormack, M. Luke
Weemstra, Monique
Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael
Postma, Johannes A.
Mommer, Liesje
Johnson, David
Rose, Laura
Roumet, Catherine
Hobbie, Sarah E.
Iversen, Colleen M.
Bengough, A. Glyn
Zadworny, Marcin
Pagès, Loïc
Picon‐Cochard, Catherine
Valverde‐Barrantes, Oscar J.
York, Larry M.
Weigelt, Alexandra
Rewald, Boris
Bardgett, Richard D.
Prieto, Iván
Brunner, Ivano
Stokes, Alexia
Lukac, Martin
Ryser, Peter
Comas, Louise H.
Freschet, Grégoire T.
Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.
Bagniewska‐Zadworna, Agnieszka
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https://hal.science/hal-03007086$$DView record in HAL
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1787458$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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Issue 3
Keywords root traits
trait covariation
spatial and temporal scales
belowground ecology
ecosystem properties and processes
environmental gradients
plant functions
trait causal relationships
Language English
License 2021 The Authors New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Grant agency of the Czech Republic
AC05-00OR22725; 19‐13103S
Polish Academy of Sciences
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
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2014; 102
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Snippet Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite...
The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial...
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SubjectTerms Agronomy
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
belowground ecology
Biomechanics
Biosphere
chemistry
Ecological function
Ecology
Ecophysiology
ecosystem properties and processes
Ecosystems
environmental gradients
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Genotypes
Geosphere
Morphology
Physiology
plant functions
Plant physiology
root systems
root traits
soil science
Soil sciences
spatial and temporal scales
terrestrial ecosystems
time series analysis
trait causal relationships
trait covariation
Title Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fnph.17072
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159479
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2458721280
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2636748781
https://hal.science/hal-03007086
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1787458
Volume 232
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