Connection subdomain mutations in HIV-1 subtype-C treatment-experienced patients enhance NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance

Abstract Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI) resistance by affecting the balance between polymerization and RNase H activity. To dete...

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Published in	Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 435; no. 2; pp. 433 - 441
Main Authors	Delviks-Frankenberry, Krista A, Lengruber, Renan B, Santos, Andre F, Silveira, Jussara M, Soares, Marcelo A, Kearney, Mary F, Maldarelli, Frank, Pathak, Vinay K
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 20.01.2013
Subjects	Amino Acid Sequence Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology Brazil Cell Line Connection domain Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics Genomes HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - virology HIV Reverse Transcriptase - chemistry HIV Reverse Transcriptase - genetics HIV-1 - drug effects HIV-1 - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Infectious Disease Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Nitriles NNRTI NRTI nucleosides Polymerization Protein Structure, Tertiary - genetics Pyridazines - pharmacology Pyrimidines Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - pharmacology Ribonuclease H ribonuclease Rh RNA-directed DNA polymerase Subtype C Thymidine Zidovudine Zidovudine - pharmacology Brazil Connection domain NNRTI Drug resistance NRTI Subtype C
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Abstract	Abstract Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI) resistance by affecting the balance between polymerization and RNase H activity. To determine whether CN mutations in subtype C influence drug sensitivity, single genome sequencing was performed on Brazilian subtype C-infected patients failing RTI therapy. CN mutations identified were similar to subtype B, including A376S, A400T, Q334D, G335D, N348I, and A371V, and increased AZT resistance in the presence of thymidine analog mutations. CN mutations also enhanced NNRTI resistance in the presence of classical NNRTI mutations: etravirine resistance was enhanced 6- to 11-fold in the presence of L100I/K103N/Y181C. These results indicate that selection of CN mutations in treatment-experienced patients also occurs in subtype-C-infected patients and are likely to provide valuable information in predicting clinical RTI resistance.
AbstractList	Abstract Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI) resistance by affecting the balance between polymerization and RNase H activity. To determine whether CN mutations in subtype C influence drug sensitivity, single genome sequencing was performed on Brazilian subtype C-infected patients failing RTI therapy. CN mutations identified were similar to subtype B, including A376S, A400T, Q334D, G335D, N348I, and A371V, and increased AZT resistance in the presence of thymidine analog mutations. CN mutations also enhanced NNRTI resistance in the presence of classical NNRTI mutations: etravirine resistance was enhanced 6- to 11-fold in the presence of L100I/K103N/Y181C. These results indicate that selection of CN mutations in treatment-experienced patients also occurs in subtype-C-infected patients and are likely to provide valuable information in predicting clinical RTI resistance. Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI) resistance by affecting the balance between polymerization and RNase H activity. To determine whether CN mutations in subtype C influence drug sensitivity, single genome sequencing was performed on Brazilian subtype C-infected patients failing RTI therapy. CN mutations identified were similar to subtype B, including A376S, A400T, Q334D, G335D, N348I, and A371V, and increased AZT resistance in the presence of thymidine analog mutations. CN mutations also enhanced NNRTI resistance in the presence of classical NNRTI mutations: etravirine resistance was enhanced 6- to 11-fold in the presence of L100I/K103N/Y181C. These results indicate that selection of CN mutations in treatment-experienced patients also occurs in subtype-C-infected patients and are likely to provide valuable information in predicting clinical RTI resistance.
Author	Soares, Marcelo A Kearney, Mary F Maldarelli, Frank Pathak, Vinay K Silveira, Jussara M Lengruber, Renan B Delviks-Frankenberry, Krista A Santos, Andre F
AuthorAffiliation	d Laboratório de Virologia Humana, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil f Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil e Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil a Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA b Virology Core Facility, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA c Host-Virus Interaction Branch, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: f Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – name: e Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil – name: b Virology Core Facility, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA – name: d Laboratório de Virologia Humana, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil – name: c Host-Virus Interaction Branch, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA – name: a Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
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Snippet	Abstract Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance... Mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain (RH) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) from subtype B-infected patients enhance nucleoside and...
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SubjectTerms	Amino Acid Sequence Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology Brazil Cell Line Connection domain Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics Genomes HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - virology HIV Reverse Transcriptase - chemistry HIV Reverse Transcriptase - genetics HIV-1 - drug effects HIV-1 - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Infectious Disease Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Nitriles NNRTI NRTI nucleosides Polymerization Protein Structure, Tertiary - genetics Pyridazines - pharmacology Pyrimidines Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - pharmacology Ribonuclease H ribonuclease Rh RNA-directed DNA polymerase Subtype C Thymidine Zidovudine Zidovudine - pharmacology
Title	Connection subdomain mutations in HIV-1 subtype-C treatment-experienced patients enhance NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance
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