The Role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System Focused on BK Channel and Heme Oxygenase Metabolites: A Review

Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar format...

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Published inAntioxidants Vol. 8; no. 5; p. 121
Main Authors Kim, Yonghee, Park, Jinhong, Choi, Yoon Kyung
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 05.05.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Adenosine triphosphate
Alzheimer's disease
Angiogenesis
Antioxidants
Astrocytes
Biosynthesis
BK channel
Brain
Calcium homeostasis
Central nervous system
Energy storage
Enzymes
Gene expression
Heme
heme oxygenase metabolites
Homeostasis
Kinases
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Molecular modelling
Morphology
Movement disorders
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurogenesis
Neuromodulation
Neurons
oxidative/nitrosative stress
Oxygenase
Parkinson's disease
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Potassium
Potassium conductance
Proteins
Review
Synuclein
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular system
β-Amyloid
BK channel
astrocytes
oxidative/nitrosative stress
heme oxygenase metabolites
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Abstract Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes’ functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
AbstractList Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca2+, K+) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K+ (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes’ functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca , K ) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (i.e., Ca 2+ , K + ) and water homeostasis, defense against oxidative/nitrosative stress, energy storage, mitochondria biogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair via angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and synapse modulation. After CNS injury, astrocytes communicate with surrounding neuronal and vascular systems, leading to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, and α-synuclein. The astrocytic big conductance K + (BK) channel plays a role in these processes. Recently, potential therapeutic agents that target astrocytes have been tested for their potential to repair the brain. In this review, we discuss the role of the BK channel and antioxidant agents such as heme oxygenase metabolites following CNS injury. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocytes’ functions in the healthy and diseased brains will greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches following CNS injury, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
Author Choi, Yoon Kyung
Park, Jinhong
Kim, Yonghee
AuthorAffiliation Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; dydgml@konkuk.ac.kr (Y.K.); wls2137@konkuk.ac.kr (J.P.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; dydgml@konkuk.ac.kr (Y.K.); wls2137@konkuk.ac.kr (J.P.)
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  givenname: Yonghee
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-0242-9612
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31060341$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 5
Keywords BK channel
astrocytes
oxidative/nitrosative stress
heme oxygenase metabolites
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate,...
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StartPage 121
SubjectTerms Adenosine triphosphate
Alzheimer's disease
Angiogenesis
Antioxidants
Astrocytes
Biosynthesis
BK channel
Brain
Calcium homeostasis
Central nervous system
Energy storage
Enzymes
Gene expression
Heme
heme oxygenase metabolites
Homeostasis
Kinases
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Molecular modelling
Morphology
Movement disorders
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurogenesis
Neuromodulation
Neurons
oxidative/nitrosative stress
Oxygenase
Parkinson's disease
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Potassium
Potassium conductance
Proteins
Review
Synuclein
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular system
β-Amyloid
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Title The Role of Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System Focused on BK Channel and Heme Oxygenase Metabolites: A Review
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31060341
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2546873798
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2232132502
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6562853
https://doaj.org/article/5371473464254405a99c0a2b49d041e0
Volume 8
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