Genes in new environments: genetics and evolution in biological control

The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and h...

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Published inNature reviews. Genetics Vol. 4; no. 11; pp. 889 - 899
Main Authors Roderick, George K, Navajas, Maria
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group 01.11.2003
Subjects
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biological control
Biological Evolution
Colonization
Developmental biology
Environment
Evolution
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary genetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic engineering
Genetic markers
Genetically engineered organisms
Genetically modified organisms
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Genotypes
Habitats
Herbivores
Insect Control
Organisms
Parasites
Pathogens
Pest control
Pest Control, Biological
Population genetics
Predators
Success
United States > US
California
Infection
Molecular evolution
Gene
Biological evolution
Biological control
Environment
Genetics
Parasitosis
Genetically modified organism
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Abstract The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization. The characteristics of organisms and their environments that determine this variation in the establishment and success of biological control can now be explored using genetic tools. Lessons from studies of classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers about the risks that are associated with the release of genetically modified organisms, particularly with respect to long-term evolutionary changes.
AbstractList The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization. The characteristics of organisms and their environments that determine this variation in the establishment and success of biological control can now be explored using genetic tools. Lessons from studies of classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers about the risks that are associated with the release of genetically modified organisms, particularly with respect to long-term evolutionary changes.
The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization. The characteristics of organisms and their environments that determine this variation in the establishment and success of biological control can now be explored using genetic tools. Lessons from studies of classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers about the risks that are associated with the release of genetically modified organisms, particularly with respect to long-term evolutionary changes. New genetic technologies have positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization. Genetics is now used in biological control in many important ways, including: the development of genetic markers to examine population origins and spread; the isolation of genes that are involved in development, reproduction and behaviour, with much progress from new genomic information; and the development of gene-transfer technology. Evolutionary change associated with organisms that are introduced for biological control has been commonly observed for biological control involving microparasites, such as viruses and bacteria, but not for macroparasites, such as predators and insect parasitoids. Introductions of genotypes in classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers as to the risks associated with releasing genetically modified organisms into the environment. Particularly difficult to address in this regard is the potential for evolutionary change.
Key PointsNew genetic technologies have positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material.Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization.Genetics is now used in biological control in many important ways, including: the development of genetic markers to examine population origins and spread; the isolation of genes that are involved in development, reproduction and behaviour, with much progress from new genomic information; and the development of gene-transfer technology.Evolutionary change associated with organisms that are introduced for biological control has been commonly observed for biological control involving microparasites, such as viruses and bacteria, but not for macroparasites, such as predators and insect parasitoids.Introductions of genotypes in classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers as to the risks associated with releasing genetically modified organisms into the environment. Particularly difficult to address in this regard is the potential for evolutionary change.The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding practical aspects of the release of genetically manipulated material. Purposeful introductions of pathogens, parasites, predators and herbivores, when considered as replicated semi-natural field experiments, show the unpredictable nature of biological colonization. The characteristics of organisms and their environments that determine this variation in the establishment and success of biological control can now be explored using genetic tools. Lessons from studies of classical biological control can help inform researchers and policy makers about the risks that are associated with the release of genetically modified organisms, particularly with respect to long-term evolutionary changes.
Audience Academic
Author Roderick, George K
Navajas, Maria
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: George K
  surname: Roderick
  fullname: Roderick, George K
  organization: Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 201 Wellman Hall MC 3112, University of California
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Maria
  surname: Navajas
  fullname: Navajas, Maria
  organization: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30 016, 34980 Montferrier sur Lez
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15214198$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14634636$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 11
Keywords Infection
Molecular evolution
Gene
Biological evolution
Biological control
Environment
Genetics
Parasitosis
Genetically modified organism
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Snippet The availability of new genetic technologies has positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for...
Key PointsNew genetic technologies have positioned the field of biological control as a test bed for theories in evolutionary biology and for understanding...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biological control
Biological Evolution
Colonization
Developmental biology
Environment
Evolution
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary genetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic engineering
Genetic markers
Genetically engineered organisms
Genetically modified organisms
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Genotypes
Habitats
Herbivores
Insect Control
Organisms
Parasites
Pathogens
Pest control
Pest Control, Biological
Population genetics
Predators
Success
Title Genes in new environments: genetics and evolution in biological control
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg1201
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14634636
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Volume 4
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