Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage‐gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects

• Published in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol. 17; no. 8; pp. 958 - 965
• Main Author: Pall, Martin L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2013; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Animals; Biology; Bone growth; calcium channel blockers; Calcium channels; Calcium channels (voltage-gated); Calcium Channels - metabolism; Calcium oxide; Calcium-binding protein; Calmodulin; Cell adhesion & migration; Cyclic GMP; Cytokines; Digital technology; DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; DNA damage; Electric currents; Electric fields; Electricity; Electromagnetic Fields; Electromagnetism; Humans; intracellular Ca2; Ion Channel Gating; Kinases; Low frequency; low frequency electromagnetic field exposure; Magnetic fields; Nitric oxide; Osteogenesis - physiology; Oxidative stress; Peroxynitrite; Protein kinase; Protein kinase G; Proteins; Reviews; Roles; Signal Transduction; Studies; voltage‐gated calcium channels; intracellular Ca2; nitric oxide; calcium channel blockers; oxidative stress; low frequency electromagnetic field exposure; voltage-gated calcium channels

The direct targets of extremely low and microwave frequency range electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in producing non‐thermal effects have not been clearly established. However, studies in the literature, reviewed here, provide substantial support for such direct targets. Twenty‐three studies have shown...