Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD)

Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990–94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tum...

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Published inThe lancet oncology Vol. 9; no. 8; pp. 730 - 756
Main Authors Coleman, Michel P, Quaresma, Manuela, Berrino, Franco, Lutz, Jean-Michel, De Angelis, Roberta, Capocaccia, Riccardo, Baili, Paolo, Rachet, Bernard, Gatta, Gemma, Hakulinen, Timo, Micheli, Andrea, Sant, Milena, Weir, Hannah K, Elwood, J Mark, Tsukuma, Hideaki, Koifman, Sergio, e Silva, Gulnar Azevedo, Francisci, Silvia, Santaquilani, Mariano, Verdecchia, Arduino, Storm, Hans H, Young, John L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2008
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1470-2045
1474-5488
1474-5488
DOI10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70179-7

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Abstract Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990–94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2–4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), Department of Health (London, UK), Cancer Research UK (London, UK).
AbstractList Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990-94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2-4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control.
Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990-94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2-4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control.
Summary Background Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990–94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. Methods To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Findings Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2–4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Interpretation Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control. Funding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), Department of Health (London, UK), Cancer Research UK (London, UK).
Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990–94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets. To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer. Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2–4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now. Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), Department of Health (London, UK), Cancer Research UK (London, UK).
Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990-94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets.BACKGROUNDCancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a first, primary, invasive cancer of the breast (women), colon, rectum, or prostate during 1990-94 and followed up to 1999, by use of individual tumour records from 101 population-based cancer registries in 31 countries on five continents. This is, to our knowledge, the first worldwide analysis of cancer survival, with standard quality-control procedures and identical analytic methods for all datasets.To compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer.METHODSTo compensate for wide international differences in general population (background) mortality by age, sex, country, region, calendar period, and (in the USA) ethnic origin, we estimated relative survival, the ratio of survival noted in the patients with cancer, and the survival that would have been expected had they been subject only to the background mortality rates. 2800 life tables were constructed. Survival estimates were also adjusted for differences in the age structure of populations of patients with cancer.Global variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2-4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now.FINDINGSGlobal variation in cancer survival was very wide. 5-year relative survival for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was generally higher in North America, Australia, Japan, and northern, western, and southern Europe, and lower in Algeria, Brazil, and eastern Europe. CONCORD has provided the first opportunity to estimate cancer survival in 11 states in USA covered by the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and the study covers 42% of the US population, four-fold more than previously available. Cancer survival in black men and women was systematically and substantially lower than in white men and women in all 16 states and six metropolitan areas included. Relative survival for all ethnicities combined was 2-4% lower in states covered by NPCR than in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Age-standardised relative survival by use of the appropriate race-specific and state-specific life tables was up to 2% lower for breast cancer and up to 5% lower for prostate cancer than with the census-derived national life tables used by the SEER Program. These differences in population coverage and analytical method have both contributed to the survival deficit noted between Europe and the USA, from which only SEER data have been available until now.Until now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control.INTERPRETATIONUntil now, direct comparisons of cancer survival between high-income and low-income countries have not generally been available. The information provided here might therefore be a useful stimulus for change. The findings should eventually facilitate joint assessment of international trends in incidence, survival, and mortality as indicators of cancer control.
Author Santaquilani, Mariano
Quaresma, Manuela
Lutz, Jean-Michel
Weir, Hannah K
Elwood, J Mark
Gatta, Gemma
Capocaccia, Riccardo
Francisci, Silvia
Tsukuma, Hideaki
Verdecchia, Arduino
Koifman, Sergio
Berrino, Franco
De Angelis, Roberta
Coleman, Michel P
Micheli, Andrea
Baili, Paolo
e Silva, Gulnar Azevedo
Hakulinen, Timo
Sant, Milena
Rachet, Bernard
Young, John L
Storm, Hans H
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Michel P
  surname: Coleman
  fullname: Coleman, Michel P
  email: michel.coleman@lshtm.ac.uk
  organization: Cancer Research UK Cancer Survival Group, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Manuela
  surname: Quaresma
  fullname: Quaresma, Manuela
  organization: Cancer Research UK Cancer Survival Group, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Franco
  surname: Berrino
  fullname: Berrino, Franco
  organization: Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jean-Michel
  surname: Lutz
  fullname: Lutz, Jean-Michel
  organization: Geneva Cancer Registry, Geneva, Switzerland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Roberta
  surname: De Angelis
  fullname: De Angelis, Roberta
  organization: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Riccardo
  surname: Capocaccia
  fullname: Capocaccia, Riccardo
  organization: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Paolo
  surname: Baili
  fullname: Baili, Paolo
  organization: Descriptive Epidemiology and Health Planning Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Bernard
  surname: Rachet
  fullname: Rachet, Bernard
  organization: Cancer Research UK Cancer Survival Group, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Gemma
  surname: Gatta
  fullname: Gatta, Gemma
  organization: Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Timo
  surname: Hakulinen
  fullname: Hakulinen, Timo
  organization: Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Andrea
  surname: Micheli
  fullname: Micheli, Andrea
  organization: Descriptive Epidemiology and Health Planning Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Milena
  surname: Sant
  fullname: Sant, Milena
  organization: Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Hannah K
  surname: Weir
  fullname: Weir, Hannah K
  organization: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: J Mark
  surname: Elwood
  fullname: Elwood, J Mark
  organization: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Hideaki
  surname: Tsukuma
  fullname: Tsukuma, Hideaki
  organization: Osaka Cancer Registry, Department of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Centre for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Sergio
  surname: Koifman
  fullname: Koifman, Sergio
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Gulnar Azevedo
  surname: e Silva
  fullname: e Silva, Gulnar Azevedo
  organization: Institute of Social Medicine, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Silvia
  surname: Francisci
  fullname: Francisci, Silvia
  organization: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Mariano
  surname: Santaquilani
  fullname: Santaquilani, Mariano
  organization: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Arduino
  surname: Verdecchia
  fullname: Verdecchia, Arduino
  organization: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Hans H
  surname: Storm
  fullname: Storm, Hans H
  organization: Department of Cancer Prevention and Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
– sequence: 22
  givenname: John L
  surname: Young
  fullname: Young, John L
  organization: Metropolitan Atlanta SEER Registry, Georgia Center for Cancer Statistics, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18639491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a...
Summary Background Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1·9 million adults (aged 15–99 years)...
Cancer survival varies widely between countries. The CONCORD study provides survival estimates for 1.9 million adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast cancer
Cause of Death
Confidence Intervals
Cross-Sectional Studies
Disease control
Disease-Free Survival
Epidemiology
Estimates
Female
Global Health
Health Surveys
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Mortality
Neoplasms - mortality
Probability
Prostate cancer
Registries
Risk Factors
SEER Program
Sex Distribution
Surveillance
Survival Analysis
Womens health
Title Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD)
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70179-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18639491
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Volume 9
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