Epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals

In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals’ death 1–2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal a...

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Published in	Veterinary microbiology Vol. 154; no. 3; pp. 222 - 229
Main Authors	Kameo, Yuki, Nagao, Yumiko, Nishio, Yohei, Shimoda, Hiroshi, Nakano, Hitoshi, Suzuki, Kazuo, Une, Yumi, Sato, Hiroshi, Shimojima, Masayuki, Maeda, Ken
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 27.01.2012 Elsevier
Subjects	Animals antigen detection badgers Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Canine distemper Canine distemper virus Canine morbillivirus Cervus nippon cities death Deer Deer - virology Distemper Distemper - epidemiology Distemper - virology Distemper Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, Canine - genetics Distemper Virus, Canine - isolation & purification Dogs epidemiology Female foxes Foxes - virology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology genes genetics genotype histidine hosts isolation & purification Japan Male Mammals Mammals - virology Martes Microbiology Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data Mustela Mustelidae Mustelidae - virology Nyctereutes procyonoides polyclonal antibodies Procyon lotor Raccoon Raccoon dog Raccoon Dogs Raccoon Dogs - virology Raccoons Raccoons - virology sequence analysis spring Sus scrofa Sus scrofa - virology tyrosine Virology viruses Wild boar wild boars Japan Raccoon Deer Raccoon dog Wild boar Canine distemper Canine distemper virus Paramyxoviridae Infection Virus Paramyxovirinae Mononegavirales Vertebrata Mammalia Swine Viral disease Morbillivirus Artiodactyla Veterinary Ungulata
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Abstract	In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals’ death 1–2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic.
AbstractList	In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals’ death 1–2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic. In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals’ death 1–2days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic. In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals' death 1-2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic.In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals' death 1-2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic. In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals' death 1-2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic.
Author	Shimojima, Masayuki Suzuki, Kazuo Une, Yumi Nishio, Yohei Kameo, Yuki Nakano, Hitoshi Sato, Hiroshi Maeda, Ken Nagao, Yumiko Shimoda, Hiroshi
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Keywords	Raccoon Deer Raccoon dog Wild boar Canine distemper Canine distemper virus Paramyxoviridae Infection Virus Paramyxovirinae Mononegavirales Vertebrata Mammalia Swine Viral disease Morbillivirus Artiodactyla Veterinary Ungulata
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Snippet	In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals’... In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals'...
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SubjectTerms	Animals antigen detection badgers Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Canine distemper Canine distemper virus Canine morbillivirus Cervus nippon cities death Deer Deer - virology Distemper Distemper - epidemiology Distemper - virology Distemper Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, Canine - genetics Distemper Virus, Canine - isolation & purification Dogs epidemiology Female foxes Foxes - virology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology genes genetics genotype histidine hosts isolation & purification Japan Male Mammals Mammals - virology Martes Microbiology Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data Mustela Mustelidae Mustelidae - virology Nyctereutes procyonoides polyclonal antibodies Procyon lotor Raccoon Raccoon dog Raccoon Dogs Raccoon Dogs - virology Raccoons Raccoons - virology sequence analysis spring Sus scrofa Sus scrofa - virology tyrosine Virology viruses Wild boar wild boars
Title	Epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals
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