Immunomodulatory Potential of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Insights for Therapeutic Applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of funga...

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Published inBiomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 1487
Main Authors Nenciarini, Stefano, Cavalieri, Duccio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Academic disciplines
Animals
Bacteria
Biofilms
Biosynthesis
Biotechnological microorganisms
Biotechnology
Cell interactions
Cell organelles
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Fungal infections
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Fungi
Gram-positive bacteria
Health aspects
host-microbe interaction
Immune system
immunity
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulators
Lipids
Mammals - metabolism
Microbial biotechnology
Organelles
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Review
Therapeutic applications
therapy
Virulence
Yeast
Yeasts - metabolism
Italy
vaccine
extracellular vesicles
fungi
therapy
drug delivery
immunity
host-microbe interaction
yeast
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Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of fungal EVs are still in their infancy. Fungi, encompassing both yeast and filamentous forms, are increasingly recognized for their production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a wealth of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These EVs play pivotal roles in orchestrating fungal communities, bolstering pathogenicity, and mediating interactions with the environment. Fungal EVs have emerged as promising candidates for innovative applications, not only in the management of mycoses but also as carriers for therapeutic molecules. Yet, numerous questions persist regarding fungal EVs, including their mechanisms of generation, release, cargo regulation, and discharge. This comprehensive review delves into the present state of knowledge regarding fungal EVs and provides fresh insights into the most recent hypotheses on the mechanisms driving their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, we explore the considerable potential of fungal EVs in the realms of medicine and biotechnology. In the foreseeable future, engineered fungal cells may serve as vehicles for tailoring cargo- and antigen-specific EVs, positioning them as invaluable biotechnological tools for diverse medical applications, such as vaccines and drug delivery.
AbstractList Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of fungal EVs are still in their infancy. Fungi, encompassing both yeast and filamentous forms, are increasingly recognized for their production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a wealth of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These EVs play pivotal roles in orchestrating fungal communities, bolstering pathogenicity, and mediating interactions with the environment. Fungal EVs have emerged as promising candidates for innovative applications, not only in the management of mycoses but also as carriers for therapeutic molecules. Yet, numerous questions persist regarding fungal EVs, including their mechanisms of generation, release, cargo regulation, and discharge. This comprehensive review delves into the present state of knowledge regarding fungal EVs and provides fresh insights into the most recent hypotheses on the mechanisms driving their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, we explore the considerable potential of fungal EVs in the realms of medicine and biotechnology. In the foreseeable future, engineered fungal cells may serve as vehicles for tailoring cargo- and antigen-specific EVs, positioning them as invaluable biotechnological tools for diverse medical applications, such as vaccines and drug delivery.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of fungal EVs are still in their infancy. Fungi, encompassing both yeast and filamentous forms, are increasingly recognized for their production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a wealth of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These EVs play pivotal roles in orchestrating fungal communities, bolstering pathogenicity, and mediating interactions with the environment. Fungal EVs have emerged as promising candidates for innovative applications, not only in the management of mycoses but also as carriers for therapeutic molecules. Yet, numerous questions persist regarding fungal EVs, including their mechanisms of generation, release, cargo regulation, and discharge. This comprehensive review delves into the present state of knowledge regarding fungal EVs and provides fresh insights into the most recent hypotheses on the mechanisms driving their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, we explore the considerable potential of fungal EVs in the realms of medicine and biotechnology. In the foreseeable future, engineered fungal cells may serve as vehicles for tailoring cargo- and antigen-specific EVs, positioning them as invaluable biotechnological tools for diverse medical applications, such as vaccines and drug delivery.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of fungal EVs are still in their infancy. Fungi, encompassing both yeast and filamentous forms, are increasingly recognized for their production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a wealth of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These EVs play pivotal roles in orchestrating fungal communities, bolstering pathogenicity, and mediating interactions with the environment. Fungal EVs have emerged as promising candidates for innovative applications, not only in the management of mycoses but also as carriers for therapeutic molecules. Yet, numerous questions persist regarding fungal EVs, including their mechanisms of generation, release, cargo regulation, and discharge. This comprehensive review delves into the present state of knowledge regarding fungal EVs and provides fresh insights into the most recent hypotheses on the mechanisms driving their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, we explore the considerable potential of fungal EVs in the realms of medicine and biotechnology. In the foreseeable future, engineered fungal cells may serve as vehicles for tailoring cargo- and antigen-specific EVs, positioning them as invaluable biotechnological tools for diverse medical applications, such as vaccines and drug delivery.
Audience Academic
Author Nenciarini, Stefano
Cavalieri, Duccio
AuthorAffiliation Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; stefano.nenciarini@unifi.it
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; stefano.nenciarini@unifi.it
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-6635-9572
  surname: Nenciarini
  fullname: Nenciarini, Stefano
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  givenname: Duccio
  surname: Cavalieri
  fullname: Cavalieri, Duccio
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892168$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
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IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Keywords vaccine
extracellular vesicles
fungi
therapy
drug delivery
immunity
host-microbe interaction
yeast
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Snippet Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different...
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StartPage 1487
SubjectTerms Academic disciplines
Animals
Bacteria
Biofilms
Biosynthesis
Biotechnological microorganisms
Biotechnology
Cell interactions
Cell organelles
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Fungal infections
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Fungi
Gram-positive bacteria
Health aspects
host-microbe interaction
Immune system
immunity
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulators
Lipids
Mammals - metabolism
Microbial biotechnology
Organelles
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Review
Therapeutic applications
therapy
Virulence
Yeast
Yeasts - metabolism
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Title Immunomodulatory Potential of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Insights for Therapeutic Applications
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37892168
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2882320635
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2883574023
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10605264
https://doaj.org/article/42b3d8a15e354f86b4adf09938cf4214
Volume 13
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