Increased nitrous oxide emissions from Arctic peatlands after permafrost thaw
Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Here w...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 114; no. 24; pp. 6238 - 6243 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
13.06.2017
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N₂O m−2 d−1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world’s largest natural terrestrial N₂O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N₂O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N₂O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N₂O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N₂O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. |
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| AbstractList | Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N₂O m−2 d−1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world’s largest natural terrestrial N₂O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N₂O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N₂O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N₂O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N₂O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. The Arctic is warming rapidly, causing permafrost soils to thaw. Vast stocks of nitrogen (>67 billion tons) in the permafrost, accumulated thousands of years ago, could now become available for decomposition, leading to the release of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere. N 2 O is a strong greenhouse gas, almost 300 times more powerful than CO 2 for warming the climate. Although carbon dynamics in the Arctic are well studied, the fact that Arctic soils store enormous amounts of nitrogen has received little attention so far. We report that the Arctic may become a substantial source of N 2 O when the permafrost thaws, and that N 2 O emissions could occur from surfaces covering almost one-fourth of the entire Arctic. Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Here we show that N 2 O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N 2 O m −2 d −1 ). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world’s largest natural terrestrial N 2 O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N 2 O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N 2 O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N 2 O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N 2 O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.81 +/- 0.6 mg N2O m(-2) d(-1)). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terrestrial N2O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N2O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by similar to 90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N2O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N2O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N2O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N O). Here we show that N O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N O m d ). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terrestrial N O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N2O m-2 d-1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terrestrial N2O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N2O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N2O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N2O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N2O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback.Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N2O m-2 d-1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terrestrial N2O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N2O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ∼90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N2O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N2O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N2O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost thawing is known to be substantial, but growing evidence suggests that Arctic soils may also be relevant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we show that N2O emissions from subarctic peatlands increase as the permafrost thaws. In our study, the highest postthaw emissions occurred from bare peat surfaces, a typical landform in permafrost peatlands, where permafrost thaw caused a fivefold increase in emissions (0.56 ± 0.11 vs. 2.81 ± 0.6 mg N2O m-2 d-1). These emission rates match those from tropical forest soils, the world's largest natural terrestrial N2O source. The presence of vegetation, known to limit N2O emissions in tundra, did decrease (by ~90%) but did not prevent thaw-induced N2O release, whereas waterlogged conditions suppressed the emissions. We show that regions with high probability for N2O emissions cover one-fourth of the Arctic. Our results imply that the Arctic N2O budget will depend strongly on moisture changes, and that a gradual deepening of the active layer will create a strong noncarbon climate change feedback. |
| Author | Jackowicz-Korczyński, Marcin Lamprecht, Richard E. Biasi, Christina Voigt, Carolina Marushchak, Maija E. Lindgren, Amelie Christensen, Torben R. Mastepanov, Mikhail Granlund, Lars Tahvanainen, Teemu Martikainen, Pertti J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carolina surname: Voigt fullname: Voigt, Carolina organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Maija E. surname: Marushchak fullname: Marushchak, Maija E. organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Richard E. surname: Lamprecht fullname: Lamprecht, Richard E. organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland – sequence: 4 givenname: Marcin surname: Jackowicz-Korczyński fullname: Jackowicz-Korczyński, Marcin organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: Amelie surname: Lindgren fullname: Lindgren, Amelie organization: Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Mikhail surname: Mastepanov fullname: Mastepanov, Mikhail organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: Lars surname: Granlund fullname: Granlund, Lars organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland – sequence: 8 givenname: Torben R. surname: Christensen fullname: Christensen, Torben R. organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 9 givenname: Teemu surname: Tahvanainen fullname: Tahvanainen, Teemu organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland – sequence: 10 givenname: Pertti J. surname: Martikainen fullname: Martikainen, Pertti J. organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland – sequence: 11 givenname: Christina surname: Biasi fullname: Biasi, Christina organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144780$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Copyright | Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jun 13, 2017 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Nitrous oxide emissions from thawing permafrost |
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| Keywords | tundra greenhouse gases Arctic soils nitrogen climate change |
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| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by Susan E. Trumbore, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany, and approved May 1, 2017 (received for review February 20, 2017) Author contributions: C.V., M.E.M., M.J.-K., M.M., T.R.C., P.J.M., and C.B. designed research; C.V., M.E.M., R.E.L., M.J.-K., A.L., L.G., and T.T. performed research; L.G. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.V. analyzed data; and C.V., M.E.M., P.J.M., and C.B. wrote the paper. |
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| Snippet | Permafrost in the Arctic is thawing, exposing large carbon and nitrogen stocks for decomposition. Gaseous carbon release from Arctic soils due to permafrost... The Arctic is warming rapidly, causing permafrost soils to thaw. Vast stocks of nitrogen (>67 billion tons) in the permafrost, accumulated thousands of years... |
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| SubjectTerms | Arctic soils Biological Sciences Carbon Climate change Emissions Feedback Forest soils greenhouse gases Melting nitrogen Nitrous oxide Peat Peatlands Permafrost Permafrost thaws Physical Sciences Probability Thawing Tropical forests Tundra |
| Title | Increased nitrous oxide emissions from Arctic peatlands after permafrost thaw |
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