Refractory Idiopathic Absence Status Epilepticus: A Probable Paradoxical Effect of Phenytoin and Carbamazepine
Purpose: To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving carba‐mazepine or phenytoin to those receiving other drugs or no treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of a...
Saved in:
Published in | Epilepsia (Copenhagen) Vol. 41; no. 7; pp. 887 - 894 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.07.2000
Blackwell |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Purpose: To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving carba‐mazepine or phenytoin to those receiving other drugs or no treatment.
Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of idiopathic generalized epilepsies treated by the authors between 1985 and 1994. We compared seizure frequency and mean intravenous benzodiazepine dose required to control absence status epilepticus, intraindividually in subjects on carba‐mazepine or phenytoin before and after discontinuation of these compounds, and interindividually to subjects without treatment or receiving other drugs.
Results: Bouts of absence or tonic‐clonic status epilepticus and seizures in subjects treated with phenytoin or carbamaze‐pine at therapeutic concentrations were considerably more frequent and proved intractable to treatment with valproic acid or benzodiazepines, compared with a cohort of subjects also with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, but naive to, or receiving sub‐therapeutic or therapeutic doses of other agents.
Conclusions: Our observations strongly suggest that therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine exacerbate idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Subjects in whom absence is one of the seizure types seem at a particularly high risk for responding paradoxically. These findings underscore the value of accurate classification of seizures and particularly the syndromic approach to diagnosis and point to the potential for iatrogenic complications with indiscriminate use of antiseizure drugs. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Purpose
: To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving carba‐mazepine or phenytoin to those receiving other drugs or no treatment.
Methods
: We performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of idiopathic generalized epilepsies treated by the authors between 1985 and 1994. We compared seizure frequency and mean intravenous benzodiazepine dose required to control absence status epilepticus, intraindividually in subjects on carba‐mazepine or phenytoin before and after discontinuation of these compounds, and interindividually to subjects without treatment or receiving other drugs.
Results
: Bouts of absence or tonic‐clonic status epilepticus and seizures in subjects treated with phenytoin or carbamaze‐pine at therapeutic concentrations were considerably more frequent and proved intractable to treatment with valproic acid or benzodiazepines, compared with a cohort of subjects also with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, but naive to, or receiving sub‐therapeutic or therapeutic doses of other agents.
Conclusions
: Our observations strongly suggest that therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine exacerbate idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Subjects in whom absence is one of the seizure types seem at a particularly high risk for responding paradoxically. These findings underscore the value of accurate classification of seizures and particularly the syndromic approach to diagnosis and point to the potential for iatrogenic complications with indiscriminate use of antiseizure drugs. Purpose: To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving carba‐mazepine or phenytoin to those receiving other drugs or no treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of idiopathic generalized epilepsies treated by the authors between 1985 and 1994. We compared seizure frequency and mean intravenous benzodiazepine dose required to control absence status epilepticus, intraindividually in subjects on carba‐mazepine or phenytoin before and after discontinuation of these compounds, and interindividually to subjects without treatment or receiving other drugs. Results: Bouts of absence or tonic‐clonic status epilepticus and seizures in subjects treated with phenytoin or carbamaze‐pine at therapeutic concentrations were considerably more frequent and proved intractable to treatment with valproic acid or benzodiazepines, compared with a cohort of subjects also with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, but naive to, or receiving sub‐therapeutic or therapeutic doses of other agents. Conclusions: Our observations strongly suggest that therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine exacerbate idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Subjects in whom absence is one of the seizure types seem at a particularly high risk for responding paradoxically. These findings underscore the value of accurate classification of seizures and particularly the syndromic approach to diagnosis and point to the potential for iatrogenic complications with indiscriminate use of antiseizure drugs. To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first-line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving carbamazepine or phenytoin to those receiving other drugs or no treatment. We performed a retrospective chart review of all cases of idiopathic generalized epilepsies treated by the authors between 1985 and 1994. We compared seizure frequency and mean intravenous benzodiazepine dose required to control absence status epilepticus, intraindividually in subjects on carbamazepine or phenytoin before and after discontinuation of these compounds, and interindividually to subjects without treatment or receiving other drugs. Bouts of absence or tonic-clonic status epilepticus and seizures in subjects treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine at therapeutic concentrations were considerably more frequent and proved intractable to treatment with valproic acid or benzodiazepines, compared with a cohort of subjects also with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, but naive to, or receiving subtherapeutic or therapeutic doses of other agents. Our observations strongly suggest that therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin and carbamazepine exacerbate idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Subjects in whom absence is one of the seizure types seem at a particularly high risk for responding paradoxically. These findings underscore the value of accurate classification of seizures and particularly the syndromic approach to diagnosis and point to the potential for iatrogenic complications with indiscriminate use of antiseizure drugs. |
Author | Osorio, Ivan Peltzer, Jill N. Reed, R. C. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ivan surname: Osorio fullname: Osorio, Ivan – sequence: 2 givenname: R. C. surname: Reed fullname: Reed, R. C. – sequence: 3 givenname: Jill N. surname: Peltzer fullname: Peltzer, Jill N. |
BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1417860$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10897162$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNqVkFtLwzAYhoMouql_QYJ425q0ObReCGNMHQgOD9chSRPM2NKSdLj5603ZQG_9bgJfnje8ecbg2LfeAHCNUY7T3C5zTIsqw5jyvEAI5b1CqKBVvj0Co8MV48dghBAus5pW6AyMY1wmlDNenoIzjKqaY1aMgH81Nkjdt2EH541rO9l_Og0nKhqvDXzrZb-JcNa5lel6pzfxDk7gIrRKqpWBCxlk026dlis4s9boHrYWLj6N3_Wt81D6Bk5lUHItv03nvLkAJ1auork8nOfg42H2Pn3Knl8e59PJc6YpYTyj1HKtSlURQguiMLMEWass05pajLAlBSVNWnOrWGnrWlOmElLTpjGkROU5uNu_q0MbYzBWdMGtZdgJjMQgUSzFYEoMEsUgURwkim0KX-3D3UatTfMnureWgJsDIGP6ehLotYu_HMG8YkOJ-z32lezt_tFAzBbzquLlD1lYkW0 |
CODEN | EPILAK |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_epi_13121 crossref_primary_10_4103_0028_3886_302475 crossref_primary_10_1586_14737175_8_12_1817 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1528_1157_2003_10003_x crossref_primary_10_1097_00004691_200111000_00003 crossref_primary_10_4137_CCRep_S9861 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2013_01_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2007_12_002 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1528_1157_2001_42202882_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1167_2001_29300_2_x crossref_primary_10_1080_14656566_2016_1195810 crossref_primary_10_1053_seiz_2001_0655 crossref_primary_10_2165_00023210_200216100_00004 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awac037 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1474_4422_07_70074_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2018_02_027 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12887_016_0575_0 crossref_primary_10_1586_14737175_2_3_391 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11940_007_0039_9 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1528_1157_2001_29300_2_x crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1528_1157_44_s_2_5_x crossref_primary_10_2165_00023210_200317090_00003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2023_109225 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurol_2024_03_001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11940_012_0179_4 crossref_primary_10_1155_2016_9238310 crossref_primary_10_1097_00012995_200112000_00001 crossref_primary_10_1684_epd_2022_1435 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1522_8401_03_00055_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2015_04_034 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_nrl_0000195827_34370_63 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurol_2009_01_042 crossref_primary_10_1080_1086508X_2003_11079423 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0040_1718722 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2019_106724 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_bjp_0706791 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_3697_16_2017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arcped_2004_03_127 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1167_2007_01467_x crossref_primary_10_1177_1756285611403826 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seizure_2013_11_016 crossref_primary_10_1684_epd_2013_0563 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuron_2017_01_031 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0317167100004388 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11910_004_0074_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seizure_2010_12_013 crossref_primary_10_1097_00004691_200109000_00009 crossref_primary_10_1684_j_1950_6945_2005_tb00147_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_0404_2006_00666_x crossref_primary_10_1016_S1059_1311_03_00144_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11910_001_0092_9 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1167_2008_01585_x crossref_primary_10_1586_14737175_5_6_753 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_pharmtox_051921_013930 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awl047 crossref_primary_10_1006_ebeh_2001_0195 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1167_2005_00325_x |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90083-5 10.1136/jnnp.63.5.622 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05824.x 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90164-7 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb03441.x 10.1016/S0896-6974(05)80021-0 10.1056/NEJM198510103131503 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90623-C 10.1016/0014-4886(84)90151-1 10.1016/0887-8994(86)90074-3 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00265-8 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1487 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02549.x 10.1177/0883073897012001031 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1972.tb04565.x 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90106-2 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90396-9 10.1056/NEJM198206033062205 10.1007/BF00313944 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00047.x 10.1212/WNL.26.8.788 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90335-2 10.1212/WNL.11.10.912 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00900.x 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05300.x 10.1002/ana.410350616 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb03732.x 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14095.x 10.1212/WNL.34.3.285 10.1212/WNL.42.11.2198 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01268.x 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15409.x 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91262-Y 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01332.x 10.1152/physrev.1988.68.3.649 10.1016/S1059-1311(96)80110-5 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90130-X 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1973.tb03965.x 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01267.x 10.1002/ana.410250610 10.1006/exnr.1997.6554 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01135.x 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05903.x 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90990-5 10.1007/BF00647273 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2000 INIST-CNRS |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2000 INIST-CNRS |
DBID | IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00258.x |
DatabaseName | Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine |
EISSN | 1528-1167 |
EndPage | 894 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1111_j_1528_1157_2000_tb00258_x 10897162 1417860 EPI887 |
Genre | article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | --- .3N .55 .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1OB 1OC 24P 29G 2WC 31~ 33P 36B 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5RE 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAGKA AAHHS AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABIVO ABJNI ABLJU ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACGFO ACGFS ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFEBI AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFZJQ AHBTC AHEFC AI. AIACR AIAGR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BAWUL BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BY8 C45 CAG COF CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DIK DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 E3Z EBS EJD EMOBN ESX EX3 F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE FIJ FUBAC FYBCS G-S G.N GODZA H.X HF~ HGLYW HVGLF HZI HZ~ IHE IPNFZ IX1 J0M K48 KBYEO LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OHT OIG OK1 OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RX1 SAMSI SUPJJ TEORI TR2 UB1 V8K V9Y VH1 W8V W99 WBKPD WHWMO WIH WIJ WIK WIN WOHZO WOW WQJ WRC WUP WVDHM WXI WXSBR X7M XG1 YFH YOC YUY ZGI ZXP ZZTAW ~IA ~WT 08R AAJUZ AAPBV AAVGM ABCVL ABFLS ABHUG ABPTK ACSMX ACXME ADAWD ADDAD ADGIM AFVGU AGJLS IQODW UMP ZA5 CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAMNL AAYXX ACRPL CITATION |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c5467-55f7cb3b844524b16f40ffbf6cc5f101f4254d16f7fb63f99c56b40f95dde4303 |
IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
ISSN | 0013-9580 |
IngestDate | Fri Dec 06 04:07:15 EST 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:37:35 EDT 2024 Fri Nov 25 01:07:17 EST 2022 Sat Aug 24 01:04:47 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 7 |
Keywords | Human Nervous system diseases Epilepsy Idiopathic Anticonvulsant Tricyclic compound Generalized Carbamazepine Cerebral disorder Chemotherapy Subintrant crisis Central nervous system disease Complication Negative therapeutic reaction Dibenzazepine derivatives Comparative study Phenytoin |
Language | English |
License | CC BY 4.0 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5467-55f7cb3b844524b16f40ffbf6cc5f101f4254d16f7fb63f99c56b40f95dde4303 |
Notes | Presented in part at AES meetings (Miami, 1993; San Francisco, 1996). |
OpenAccessLink | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00258.x |
PMID | 10897162 |
PageCount | 8 |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1157_2000_tb00258_x pubmed_primary_10897162 pascalfrancis_primary_1417860 wiley_primary_10_1111_j_1528_1157_2000_tb00258_x_EPI887 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | July 2000 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2000-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2000 text: July 2000 |
PublicationDecade | 2000 |
PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: Malden, MA – name: United States |
PublicationTitle | Epilepsia (Copenhagen) |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Epilepsia |
PublicationYear | 2000 |
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell |
Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Blackwell |
References | 1996; 307 1987; 146 1982; 306 1984; 25 1973; 14 1998; 40 1976; 26 1990; 100 1985; 26 1983; 227 1989; 30 1997; 147 1993; 34 1986; 2 1984; 231 1990; 46 1984; 16 1997; 12 1994; 35 1984 1992; 42 1972; 13 1996; 5 1990; 176 1991; 545 1992; 5 1986; 238 1984; 85 1997; 63 1987; 405 1996; 94 1995 1994 1992; 35 1961; 11 1985; 44 1985; 89 1983; 33 1993; 266 1983; 34 1989; 52 1988; 4 1998; 39 1987; 62 1990; 511 1988; 29 1984; 34 1992; 213 1994; 12 1985; 313 1988; 68 1997; 38 1985; 72 11240606 - Epilepsia. 2001 Feb;42(2):288-9 Sachdeo R (e_1_2_1_26_2) 1985; 26 Marescaux C (e_1_2_1_33_2) 1992; 35 Porter RJ (e_1_2_1_4_2) 1983; 34 DeLorenzo RJ. (e_1_2_1_37_2) 1995 e_1_2_1_41_2 e_1_2_1_64_2 e_1_2_1_22_2 e_1_2_1_60_2 McLean MJ (e_1_2_1_36_2) 1986; 238 e_1_2_1_43_2 e_1_2_1_62_2 e_1_2_1_24_2 e_1_2_1_47_2 e_1_2_1_28_2 Steriade M. (e_1_2_1_38_2) 1984 Johnsen SD (e_1_2_1_20_2) 1984; 16 Roger J (e_1_2_1_32_2) 1994 Thomas P (e_1_2_1_15_2) 1994 e_1_2_1_6_2 e_1_2_1_54_2 e_1_2_1_56_2 e_1_2_1_2_2 e_1_2_1_12_2 e_1_2_1_50_2 e_1_2_1_10_2 e_1_2_1_31_2 e_1_2_1_52_2 Avoli M (e_1_2_1_39_2) 1994 e_1_2_1_14_2 e_1_2_1_58_2 e_1_2_1_8_2 Keane PE (e_1_2_1_57_2) 1994 e_1_2_1_65_2 e_1_2_1_23_2 e_1_2_1_44_2 e_1_2_1_61_2 e_1_2_1_21_2 e_1_2_1_42_2 e_1_2_1_63_2 e_1_2_1_27_2 e_1_2_1_48_2 e_1_2_1_25_2 e_1_2_1_46_2 e_1_2_1_29_2 Treiman DM. (e_1_2_1_3_2) 1983; 34 Fromm GH. (e_1_2_1_49_2) 1985; 44 e_1_2_1_30_2 e_1_2_1_53_2 e_1_2_1_7_2 Dunne JW (e_1_2_1_16_2) 1987; 62 Gloor P. (e_1_2_1_40_2) 1984 e_1_2_1_55_2 e_1_2_1_11_2 e_1_2_1_34_2 e_1_2_1_51_2 Tassinari CA (e_1_2_1_5_2) 1983; 34 e_1_2_1_13_2 Loiseau P (e_1_2_1_18_2) 1994 e_1_2_1_19_2 McLean MJ (e_1_2_1_35_2) 1983; 227 Lang DG (e_1_2_1_45_2) 1993; 266 e_1_2_1_17_2 e_1_2_1_59_2 e_1_2_1_9_2 |
References_xml | – volume: 35 start-page: 1026 year: 1994 end-page: 8 article-title: Absence seizures and carbamazepine in adults publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 146 start-page: 2 year: 1987 end-page: 7 article-title: Mechanisms of anticonvulsant drug action. I. Drugs primarily used for generalized tonic‐clonic and partial epilepsies publication-title: Eur J Pediatr – volume: 545 start-page: 1 year: 1991 end-page: 7 article-title: Evidence for a critical role of GABAergic transmission within the thalamus in the genesis and control of absence seizures in the rat publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 100 start-page: 800 year: 1990 end-page: 6 article-title: Differential effects of petit‐mal anticonvulsants and convulsants on thalamic neurons: calcium current reduction publication-title: Br J Pharmacol – volume: 176 start-page: 45 year: 1990 end-page: 55 article-title: Paradoxical role of GABA in a chronic model of petit mal (absence)‐like epilepsy in the rat publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol – volume: 40 start-page: 517 year: 1998 end-page: 9 article-title: Inappropriate use of carbamazepine and vigabatrin in typical absence seizures publication-title: Dev Med Child Neurol – start-page: 95 year: 1994 end-page: 109 – volume: 26 start-page: 534 year: 1985 article-title: Enhancement of absence with Tegretol [abstract] publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 11 start-page: 912 year: 1961 end-page: 21 article-title: Dilantin toxicity: a clinical and electroencephalographic study publication-title: Neurology – volume: 33 start-page: 1487 year: 1983 end-page: 9 article-title: Myoclonic, atonic and absence seizures following institution of carbamazepine therapy in children publication-title: Neurology – volume: 405 start-page: 68 year: 1987 end-page: 79 article-title: Intracellular recording in pericruciate neurons during spike and wave discharges of feline generalized penicillin epilepsy publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 44 start-page: 2432 year: 1985 end-page: 53 article-title: Effects of different classes of anti‐epileptic drugs on brain‐stem stimulation pathways publication-title: Fed Proc – volume: 12 start-page: S2 issue: suppl 1 year: 1997 end-page: 9 article-title: Antiepileptic drug cellular mechanisms of action: where does lamotrigine fit in publication-title: J Child Neurol – volume: 63 start-page: 622 year: 1997 end-page: 7 article-title: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy in adults manifested by phantom absences, generalized tonic‐clonic seizures and frequent absence status publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry – volume: 34 start-page: 21 issue: suppl 1 year: 1993 end-page: 8 article-title: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults and children publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 14 start-page: 277 year: 1973 end-page: 310 article-title: Benzodiazepines in the treatment of epilepsy: a review publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 39 start-page: 1329 year: 1998 end-page: 33 article-title: Double‐blind placebo‐control cross‐over study of lamotrigine in treatment resistant generalized epilepsy publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 313 start-page: 916 year: 1985 end-page: 21 article-title: Exacerbation of seizures in children by carbamazepine publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 306 start-page: 1337 year: 1982 end-page: 40 article-title: Management of status epilepticus publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 38 start-page: 522 year: 1997 end-page: 5 article-title: Lamotrigine reduces voltage‐gated sodium currents in rat central neurons in culture publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 34 start-page: 377 year: 1983 end-page: 84 article-title: General principles of treatment: responsive and intractable status epilepticus in adults publication-title: Adv Neurol – volume: 12 start-page: 819 year: 1994 end-page: 29 article-title: Sodium channels must deactivate to recover from inactivation publication-title: Neuron – volume: 266 start-page: 829 year: 1993 end-page: 35 article-title: Lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine interactions on the sodium current present in N4TG1 mouse neuroblastoma cells publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther – volume: 89 start-page: 465 year: 1985 end-page: 78 article-title: Involvement of cortical thalamic and midbrain reticular formation neurons in spike and wave discharges: extracellular study in feline generalized penicillin epilepsy publication-title: Exp Neurol – volume: 35 start-page: 37 year: 1992 end-page: 69 article-title: Genetic absence epilepsy in rats from Strasbourg—a review publication-title: J Neural Transm Suppl – volume: 511 start-page: 217 year: 1990 end-page: 21 article-title: Effects of anticonvulsants on hippocampus‐generating seizures publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 231 start-page: 225 year: 1984 end-page: 9 article-title: Therapeutic response of absence seizures in patients of an epilepsy clinic for adolescents and adults publication-title: J Neurol – volume: 39 start-page: 5 year: 1998 end-page: 17 article-title: Antiepileptic drugs as a cause of worsening seizures publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 26 start-page: 788 year: 1976 end-page: 96 article-title: Prognostic factors in absence seizures publication-title: Neurology – start-page: 107 year: 1984 end-page: 57 – volume: 238 start-page: 727 year: 1986 end-page: 38 article-title: Carbamazepine and 10,11‐epoxycarbamazepine produce use‐ and voltage‐dependent limitation of rapidly firing action potentials of mouse central neurons in cell culture publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther – volume: 4 start-page: 358 year: 1988 end-page: 61 article-title: Lorazepam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus publication-title: Pediatr Neurol – volume: 30 start-page: S4 issue: suppl 2 year: 1989 end-page: 10 article-title: Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of benzodiaz‐epines in the management of status epilepticus publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 30 start-page: 286 year: 1989 end-page: 94 article-title: Phenytoin and carbamazepine: potential and frequency‐dependent block of Na currents in mammalian myelinated nerve fibers publication-title: Epilepsia – start-page: 107 year: 1984 end-page: 36 – start-page: 152 year: 1994 end-page: 60 – volume: 68 start-page: 649 year: 1988 end-page: 742 article-title: The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay publication-title: Physiol Rev – volume: 52 start-page: 582 year: 1989 end-page: 93 article-title: Characterization of ethosuximide reduction of low‐threshold calcium current in thalamic neurons publication-title: Ann Neurol – volume: 34 start-page: 61 year: 1983 end-page: 7 article-title: Petit mal status publication-title: Adv Neurol – volume: 25 start-page: 443 year: 1984 end-page: 9 article-title: Validation of the phenomenon of regression of seizure frequency in epilepsy publication-title: Epilepsia – start-page: 145 year: 1994 end-page: 51 – volume: 147 start-page: 115 year: 1997 end-page: 22 article-title: Differential inhibition by riluzole, lamotrigine and phenytoin of sodium and calcium currents in cortical neurons: implications for neuroprotective strategies publication-title: Exp Neurol – volume: 42 start-page: 2198 year: 1992 end-page: 201 article-title: Prolonged absence status epilepticus associated with carbamazepine therapy, increased intracranial pressure and transient MRI abnormalities publication-title: Neurology – volume: 85 start-page: 413 year: 1984 end-page: 25 article-title: Transition from spindles to generalized spike and wave discharges in the cat: simultaneous single‐cell recordings in cortex and thalamus publication-title: Exp Neurol – volume: 39 start-page: 2 year: 1998 end-page: 4 article-title: Do antiepileptic drugs exacerbate seizures publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 307 start-page: 113 year: 1996 end-page: 6 article-title: Lamotrigine inhibits calcium currents in cortical neurons: functional implications publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol – volume: 2 start-page: 340 year: 1986 end-page: 5 article-title: Carbamazepine‐exacerbated epilepsy in children and adolescents publication-title: Pediatr Neurol – volume: 35 start-page: 743 year: 1994 end-page: 6 article-title: Seizure exacerbation and status epilepticus related to carbamazepine‐10,11‐epoxide publication-title: Ann Neurol – volume: 13 start-page: 177 year: 1972 end-page: 87 article-title: Absence status: a reappraisal following review of thirty‐eight patients publication-title: Epilepsia – start-page: 547 year: 1994 end-page: 61 – volume: 72 start-page: 449 year: 1985 end-page: 59 article-title: Epilepsy with impulsive petit mal (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) publication-title: Acta Neurol Scand – volume: 227 start-page: 779 year: 1983 end-page: 89 article-title: Multiple actions of phenytoin on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther – volume: 5 start-page: 149 year: 1996 end-page: 51 article-title: The use of lamotrigine in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy publication-title: Seizure – volume: 62 start-page: 117 year: 1987 end-page: 26 article-title: Non‐convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective study in an adult general hospital publication-title: Q J Med – volume: 213 start-page: 343 year: 1992 end-page: 9 article-title: Evidence for GABAb‐mediated mechanisms in experimental generalized absence seizures publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol – start-page: 447 year: 1994 end-page: 54 – start-page: 271 year: 1995 end-page: 82 – volume: 46 start-page: 1587 year: 1990 end-page: 95 article-title: Effects of anticonvulsants and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐mimetic drugs in immunoreactive somatostatin and GABA contents in the rat brain publication-title: Life Sci – volume: 34 start-page: 285 year: 1984 end-page: 94 article-title: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz publication-title: Neurology – volume: 94 start-page: 367 year: 1996 end-page: 77 article-title: Seizure‐inducing effects of anticpileptic drugs: a review publication-title: Acta Neurol Scand – volume: 29 start-page: 361 year: 1988 end-page: 8 article-title: Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate model of generalized absence seizures: further characterization and comparison with other absence models publication-title: Epilepsia – volume: 16 start-page: 392 year: 1984 end-page: 3 article-title: Carbamazepine‐induced seizures [abstract] publication-title: Ann Neurol – volume: 5 start-page: 55 year: 1992 end-page: 60 article-title: Efficacy and safety of valproic acid versus phenytoin as sole therapy for newly diagnosed primary generalized tonic‐clonic seizures publication-title: J Epilepsy – volume: 34 start-page: 465 year: 1983 end-page: 75 article-title: Benzodiazepines: efficacy in status epilepticus publication-title: Adv Neurol – ident: e_1_2_1_14_2 doi: 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90083-5 – ident: e_1_2_1_58_2 doi: 10.1136/jnnp.63.5.622 – ident: e_1_2_1_13_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05824.x – ident: e_1_2_1_56_2 doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90164-7 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb03441.x – ident: e_1_2_1_29_2 doi: 10.1016/S0896-6974(05)80021-0 – ident: e_1_2_1_25_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510103131503 – ident: e_1_2_1_55_2 doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90623-C – start-page: 95 volume-title: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies: clinical, experimental and genetics aspects year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_15_2 contributor: fullname: Thomas P – ident: e_1_2_1_41_2 doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(84)90151-1 – ident: e_1_2_1_21_2 doi: 10.1016/0887-8994(86)90074-3 – volume: 34 start-page: 465 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_1_5_2 article-title: Benzodiazepines: efficacy in status epilepticus publication-title: Adv Neurol contributor: fullname: Tassinari CA – volume: 62 start-page: 117 year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_1_16_2 article-title: Non‐convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective study in an adult general hospital publication-title: Q J Med contributor: fullname: Dunne JW – start-page: 152 volume-title: Typical absences and related epileptic syndromes year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_18_2 contributor: fullname: Loiseau P – ident: e_1_2_1_63_2 doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00265-8 – ident: e_1_2_1_24_2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1487 – ident: e_1_2_1_22_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02549.x – volume: 227 start-page: 779 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_1_35_2 article-title: Multiple actions of phenytoin on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther contributor: fullname: McLean MJ – start-page: 447 volume-title: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies: clinical, experimental and genetic aspects year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_57_2 contributor: fullname: Keane PE – ident: e_1_2_1_65_2 doi: 10.1177/0883073897012001031 – ident: e_1_2_1_6_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1972.tb04565.x – ident: e_1_2_1_51_2 doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90106-2 – ident: e_1_2_1_52_2 doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90396-9 – ident: e_1_2_1_2_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198206033062205 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_2 doi: 10.1007/BF00313944 – ident: e_1_2_1_9_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00047.x – start-page: 145 volume-title: Typical absences and related epileptic syndromes year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_32_2 contributor: fullname: Roger J – start-page: 107 volume-title: Dynamic aspects of neocortical function year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_38_2 contributor: fullname: Steriade M. – volume: 34 start-page: 377 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_1_3_2 article-title: General principles of treatment: responsive and intractable status epilepticus in adults publication-title: Adv Neurol contributor: fullname: Treiman DM. – ident: e_1_2_1_19_2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.26.8.788 – ident: e_1_2_1_44_2 doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90335-2 – ident: e_1_2_1_28_2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.11.10.912 – start-page: 107 volume-title: Electrophysiology of epilepsy year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_40_2 contributor: fullname: Gloor P. – ident: e_1_2_1_31_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00900.x – ident: e_1_2_1_43_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05300.x – ident: e_1_2_1_27_2 doi: 10.1002/ana.410350616 – ident: e_1_2_1_34_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb03732.x – ident: e_1_2_1_48_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14095.x – start-page: 547 volume-title: Epileptic seizures and syndromes year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_1_39_2 contributor: fullname: Avoli M – volume: 35 start-page: 37 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_1_33_2 article-title: Genetic absence epilepsy in rats from Strasbourg—a review publication-title: J Neural Transm Suppl contributor: fullname: Marescaux C – ident: e_1_2_1_30_2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.34.3.285 – volume: 26 start-page: 534 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_1_26_2 article-title: Enhancement of absence with Tegretol [abstract] publication-title: Epilepsia contributor: fullname: Sachdeo R – ident: e_1_2_1_23_2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.42.11.2198 – start-page: 271 volume-title: Antiepileptic drugs year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_1_37_2 contributor: fullname: DeLorenzo RJ. – volume: 238 start-page: 727 year: 1986 ident: e_1_2_1_36_2 article-title: Carbamazepine and 10,11‐epoxycarbamazepine produce use‐ and voltage‐dependent limitation of rapidly firing action potentials of mouse central neurons in cell culture publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther contributor: fullname: McLean MJ – ident: e_1_2_1_11_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01268.x – ident: e_1_2_1_59_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15409.x – ident: e_1_2_1_54_2 doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91262-Y – ident: e_1_2_1_62_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01332.x – ident: e_1_2_1_42_2 doi: 10.1152/physrev.1988.68.3.649 – ident: e_1_2_1_61_2 doi: 10.1016/S1059-1311(96)80110-5 – volume: 16 start-page: 392 year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_20_2 article-title: Carbamazepine‐induced seizures [abstract] publication-title: Ann Neurol contributor: fullname: Johnsen SD – volume: 44 start-page: 2432 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_1_49_2 article-title: Effects of different classes of anti‐epileptic drugs on brain‐stem stimulation pathways publication-title: Fed Proc contributor: fullname: Fromm GH. – volume: 34 start-page: 61 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_1_4_2 article-title: Petit mal status publication-title: Adv Neurol contributor: fullname: Porter RJ – ident: e_1_2_1_53_2 doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90130-X – ident: e_1_2_1_8_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1973.tb03965.x – ident: e_1_2_1_10_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01267.x – ident: e_1_2_1_47_2 doi: 10.1002/ana.410250610 – volume: 266 start-page: 829 year: 1993 ident: e_1_2_1_45_2 article-title: Lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine interactions on the sodium current present in N4TG1 mouse neuroblastoma cells publication-title: J Pharmacol Exp Ther contributor: fullname: Lang DG – ident: e_1_2_1_64_2 doi: 10.1006/exnr.1997.6554 – ident: e_1_2_1_60_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01135.x – ident: e_1_2_1_7_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb05903.x – ident: e_1_2_1_46_2 doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90990-5 – ident: e_1_2_1_50_2 doi: 10.1007/BF00647273 |
SSID | ssj0007673 |
Score | 1.9564724 |
Snippet | Purpose: To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies... To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first-line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies receiving... Purpose : To compare the frequency of seizures and status epilepticus and their response to first‐line drugs in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies... |
SourceID | crossref pubmed pascalfrancis wiley |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 887 |
SubjectTerms | Absence status epilepticus Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Anticonvulsants - adverse effects Anticonvulsants - therapeutic use Anticonvulsants. Antiepileptics. Antiparkinson agents Biological and medical sciences Carbamazepine Carbamazepine - adverse effects Carbamazepine - therapeutic use Child Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Administration Schedule Drug Therapy, Combination Electroencephalography - drug effects Electroencephalography - statistics & numerical data Epilepsy, Absence - chemically induced Epilepsy, Absence - drug therapy Epilepsy, Generalized - drug therapy Female Humans Idiopathic generalized epilepsies Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Neuropharmacology Paradoxical effects Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phenytoin Phenytoin - adverse effects Phenytoin - therapeutic use Refractoriness Status Epilepticus - chemically induced Status Epilepticus - drug therapy Treatment Outcome |
Title | Refractory Idiopathic Absence Status Epilepticus: A Probable Paradoxical Effect of Phenytoin and Carbamazepine |
URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1528-1157.2000.tb00258.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10897162 |
Volume | 41 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3dS-QwEA_igwiid36up0cefO3Sj3y0vi26ogfKIgq-lSTNoKht2e6C-tc7Sbu6e3APHr6WJmlnkt9MkpnfEHJkpILY8igA9OZxg6JsoFXGAlAJSxCTXWaIi7a4Eue37M8dv-vSo10uTMsP8XHg5laGx2u3wJVuFhc5j3EHFHHp8038GWfM077zKKNEuvi-0-tPLikpuuvmKAkyns4YSLuwnn90tWCt1mrVoOCgrXgxZ7Lm3Vpvl842yPPsj9pwlMf-dKL75u0vssfv-uUfZL1zYOmgnXE_yZItN8nKZXdFv0XKawtjX8TnlV4UD5UveWzoQDcOQ6hzbqcNHdb4AbUj_miO6YCOxggr-snSkRqronpxM4e2xMq0Ajq6t-XrpHooqSoLeuKuSJ7Vm61xwG1yeza8OTkPuqIOgeEOlDkHaXSiU8Z4zHQkgIUAGoQxHBAfAEGEFfhYghYJZJnhQuMrGUcgZmhwd8hyWZV2j9CYmwiMMCoFYCoLM6tNEQLuQEVqhZU9ksyUl9ctd0c-t-dBUeZOlK4SZ5h3osxfeuRwQc-fTVkkUxH2yG6r97k-U0_E1SPSa-8Lg-XD0QXC_P5_t_xFVltyABdAfECWJ-OpPUQ3aaJ_--n_Dl7XBZI |
link.rule.ids | 314,780,784,1375,27924,27925,46294,46718 |
linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEB5CCm2hNH13m6bVoVcvfkiy3duSbthNsmEJCeRmJFlDQ1vb7AOS_PqOZG-yW-ghIVdjSfaM5puRNPoG4JtJFcZWRAFSNE8LFGUDrXIeoEp4Qpjsboa4bIsTOTrnhxfiYgsmq7swLT_E7YabswyP187A3Yb0ppWLmJZAkUj9hRO_yRmLrE8h5ROy_8hleP04vWOTSmV34BwlQS6yFQdpl9jzn742_NWLRs1JdNjWvFhzWuuBrfdMBztQrf6pTUj51V8udN_c_EP3-Gg__QpedjEsG7ST7jVs2eoNPJ10p_RvoTq1OPN1fK7ZuLysfdVjwwZ67mCEufh2OWfDhr6gcdwf8-9swKYzQhb927KpmqmyvnKTh7XcyqxGNv1pq-tFfVkxVZVs352S_FE3tqEB38H5wfBsfxR0dR0CIxwuC4Gp0YnOOBcx15FEHiJqlMYIJIhAwhFe0uMUtUwwz42Qml7JBWExJ5_7HrarurIfgcXCRGikURkiV3mYW23KEGkRKjMrbdqDZKW9omnpO4q1ZQ-JsnCidMU4w6ITZXHVg70NRd815VGaybAHH1rFr_WZeS6uHqReffcYrBhOx4T0nx7c8is8G51Njovj8cnRLjxvuQJcPvFn2F7MlnaPoqaF_uJt4S_Rpwmz |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEB5CCqFQ2qTPbZtUh169-CHJdm9Lsks2aYMJDeRmJFlDQxvb7AOS_PqOZG-zG-ihJVdjSbZG881ImvkG4LNJFcZWRAGSN08bFGUDrXIeoEp4QpjsMkNctMWZPL7gJ5fisk-PdrkwHT_EnwM3pxker52CtxVuKrmIaQcUidTnm_gzzlhkQ_Ion3AZ545J_-j8nkwqlf19c5QEuchWFKR9XM9f-towV89aNaeZw67kxZrNWvdrvWGavIDr1S918Sg_h8uFHpq7B2yPj_XPu_C892DZqFtye7Bl65ew862_o38F9bnFma_ic8um1VXjax4bNtJzByLMebfLORu39AGtY_6Yf2EjVswIV_Qvywo1U1Vz45YO65iVWYOs-GHr20VzVTNVV-zQ3ZFcqzvb0oCv4WIy_n54HPRVHQIjHCoLganRic44FzHXkUQeImqUxggkgEBCEV7R4xS1TDDPjZCaXskFITEni_sGtuumtu-AxcJEaKRRGSJXeZhbbaoQaQsqMyttOoBkJbyy7cg7yrVND01l6abSleIMy34qy5sB7G_I-b4pj9JMhgN428l9rc_MM3ENIPXS-4fBynExJZx__98tP8FOcTQpv07PTj_A044owAUTf4TtxWxp98llWugDrwm_AaLxCGI |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Refractory+Idiopathic+Absence+Status+Epilepticus%3A+A+Probable+Paradoxical+Effect+of+Phenytoin+and+Carbamazepine&rft.jtitle=Epilepsia+%28Copenhagen%29&rft.au=Osorio%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Reed%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Peltzer%2C+Jill+N.&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.issn=0013-9580&rft.eissn=1528-1167&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=887&rft.epage=894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1528-1157.2000.tb00258.x&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1111_j_1528_1157_2000_tb00258_x |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0013-9580&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0013-9580&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0013-9580&client=summon |