Enhancing the cytotoxicity of chemoradiation with radiation-guided delivery of anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotides in non-methylated solid tumors

The DNA repair enzyme O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with no...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCancer gene therapy Vol. 24; no. 8; pp. 348 - 357
Main Authors Ambady, P, Wu, Y J, Walker, J M, Kersch, C, Pagel, M A, Woltjer, R L, Fu, R, Muldoon, L L, Neuwelt, E A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.08.2017
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
13/109
14/19
42
42/34
42/41
631/67/68
692/308/153
692/699/67/1059/602
82/51
96
Analysis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain cancer
Cancer
Care and treatment
Cell proliferation
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Comparative analysis
Cytotoxicity
Diagnosis
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
DNA repair
Endocytosis
Gene Expression
Gene Therapy
Glioblastoma
Glioblastomas
Ionizing radiation
Metastases
Methylguanine
Methyltransferases
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
Oligonucleotides
Original
original-article
Solid tumors
Temozolomide
Tumor cells
Tumors
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0929-1903
1476-5500
1476-5500
DOI10.1038/cgt.2017.27

Cover

Abstract The DNA repair enzyme O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
AbstractList The DNA repair enzyme O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
The DNA repair enzyme O[sup.6]-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate [greater than] 40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance. Cancer Gene Therapy (2017) 24, 348-357; doi: 10.1038/cgt.2017.27; published online 28 July 2017
The DNA repair enzyme O6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
The DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.The DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
The DNA repair enzyme O -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate >40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
The DNA repair enzyme O[sup.6]-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation. MGMT-hypermethylated solid tumors have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating chemotherapy such as temozolomide, compared with non-methylated tumors. In glioblastoma, subjects with MGMT hypermethylation have significantly longer survival rates after chemoradiotherapy. We report the first successful use of a non-ablative dose of ionizing radiation to prime human cancer cells to enhance the uptake of unmodified anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotide (AMON) sequences. We demonstrate [greater than] 40% reduction in the in vitro proliferation index and cell viability in radiation-primed MGMT-expressing human solid tumor cells treated with a single dose of AMONs and temozolomide. We further demonstrate the feasibility of using a non-ablative dose of radiation in vivo to guide and enhance the delivery of intravenously administered AMONs to achieve 50% MGMT knockdown only at radiation-primed tumor sites in a subcutaneous tumor model. Local upregulation of physiological endocytosis after radiation may have a role in radiation-guided uptake of AMONs. This approach holds direct translational significance in glioblastoma and brain metastases where radiation is part of the standard of care; our approach to silence MGMT could overcome the significant problem of MGMT-mediated chemoresistance.
Audience Academic
Author Wu, Y J
Muldoon, L L
Kersch, C
Pagel, M A
Ambady, P
Neuwelt, E A
Walker, J M
Woltjer, R L
Fu, R
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: P
  surname: Ambady
  fullname: Ambady, P
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Y J
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Y J
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: J M
  surname: Walker
  fullname: Walker, J M
  organization: Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: C
  surname: Kersch
  fullname: Kersch, C
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: M A
  surname: Pagel
  fullname: Pagel, M A
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: R L
  surname: Woltjer
  fullname: Woltjer, R L
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: R
  surname: Fu
  fullname: Fu, R
  organization: Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 8
  givenname: L L
  surname: Muldoon
  fullname: Muldoon, L L
  organization: Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University
– sequence: 9
  givenname: E A
  surname: Neuwelt
  fullname: Neuwelt, E A
  email: neuwelte@ohsu.edu
  organization: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Office of Research and Development
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752860$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1klFv0zAUhSM0xLrBE-_IEhJCghTbiePkZdI0jYG0iZfxbDm2k3hy7RI7g_4O_jC37SjtNGQplnO_c5J7fU6yIx-8ybLXBM8JLupPqk9zigmfU_4sm5GSVzljGB9lM9zQJicNLo6zkxjvMIYiL15kx7TmjNYVnmW_L_0gvbK-R2kwSK1SSOGXVTatUOiQGswijFJbmWzw6KdNA9od836y2mikjbP3ZtwIpE82v7m6uUWgWw7BWR8QPPvgJ-VMSKCIyHoETeQLk4aVkwk8IjAapQlU8WX2vJMumlcP-2n2_fPl7cWX_Prb1deL8-tcsbJMuS5LiutGNhXFjGPe8lKpwjSsKmnRUkLbDneVxLqtOa-V7rhq60IzQ2VjWmBOs7Ot73JqF0Yr49MonViOdiHHlQjSisOKt4Pow71gFWYVr8Hg_YPBGH5MJiaxsFEZ56Q3YYqCNLRkDSOMAPr2EXoXptFDe0AVDdxMQfk_qpfOCOu7AN9Va1NxznBZFaTiFVDzJyhY2iysgnB0Ft4fCN7tCQYjXRpg4NP6EuMh-GZ_IrtR_M0LAB-2gBpDjKPpdgjBYp1GAWkU6zSKTTvkEQ252kQHfti6_2g-bjURnH1vxr1BPYH_AZPM8uk
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers16101944
crossref_primary_10_1002_mc_23360
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13311_018_00702_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202201740
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41417_021_00324_6
crossref_primary_10_1177_17588359211053700
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.007
10.1200/JCO.2007.11.5964
10.1038/gt.2010.88
10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.050
10.1371/journal.pone.0061472
10.1093/neuonc/nov023
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0887
10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.002
10.1038/cgt.2016.32
10.1124/pr.115.012070
10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420060113017
10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.003
10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0977
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0969
10.2174/156802607780487740
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4526
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.010
10.1667/RR3355.1
10.1002/cncr.21324
10.1172/JCI117860
10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.005
10.1038/cddis.2013.388
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1719
10.1038/bjc.1991.396
10.1089/oli.1.1996.6.169
10.1056/NEJMoa043330
10.2174/1874467211205010102
10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70211-X
10.2144/000113005
10.1016/0962-8924(92)90100-2
10.1038/sj.bjc.6605127
10.4161/cbt.1.4.4
10.2174/092986709787002718
10.1038/nmeth.2089
10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.020
10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.008
10.1038/nrm2216
10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00150-5
10.1038/sj.onc.1207183
10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7
10.1208/s12248-010-9210-4
10.1073/pnas.86.17.6454
10.1073/pnas.86.10.3474
10.1089/oli.2008.0133
10.1038/nrc3185
10.1007/s11373-008-9253-z
10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.008
10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0312:PBFIRE]2.0.CO;2
10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00507-6
10.1371/journal.pone.0004775
10.1089/nat.2013.0463
10.1056/NEJMoa043331
10.1002/cpt.276
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0384
10.1038/nrc1319
10.1016/0304-4157(94)90001-9
10.1021/bc8001437
10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.005
10.1529/biophysj.104.054080
10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-884
10.1215/15228517-2008-090
10.1021/bc200377d
10.1089/nat.2016.0657
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0933
10.1016/j.addr.2007.06.008
10.1097/PAI.0b013e31802fac2f
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2017
COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Aug 2017
Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) 2017 The Author(s)
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2017
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group
– notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Aug 2017
– notice: Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) 2017 The Author(s)
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
3V.
7QP
7TK
7TM
7TO
7U9
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1038/cgt.2017.27
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Neurosciences Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database
Biological Science Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Public Health
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

ProQuest Central Student
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Biology
DocumentTitleAlternate Radiation-guided delivery of AMONs silences MGMT
EISSN 1476-5500
EndPage 357
ExternalDocumentID PMC5605678
A504631676
28752860
10_1038_cgt_2017_27
Genre Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 CA137488
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 CA199111
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
29B
2WC
36B
39C
3V.
4.4
406
53G
5GY
5RE
6J9
70F
7X7
88A
88E
8AO
8C1
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8R4
8R5
AACDK
AANZL
AASML
AATNV
AAYZH
AAZLF
ABAKF
ABAWZ
ABDBF
ABHFT
ABJNI
ABLJU
ABUWG
ABZZP
ACAOD
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACKTT
ACMJI
ACPRK
ACRQY
ACUHS
ACZOJ
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADHDB
AEFQL
AEJRE
AEMSY
AENEX
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFBBN
AFKRA
AFSHS
AGAYW
AGHAI
AGQEE
AHMBA
AHSBF
AIGIU
AILAN
AJRNO
ALFFA
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMYLF
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXYYD
AZFZN
B0M
BAWUL
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
BKKNO
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CAG
CCPQU
COF
CS3
DIK
DNIVK
DPUIP
DU5
E3Z
EAD
EAP
EBC
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EE.
EIOEI
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
EPL
ESX
F5P
FD6
FDQFY
FERAY
FIGPU
FIZPM
FRP
FSGXE
FYUFA
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HZ~
IAO
IH2
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
ITC
IWAJR
JSO
JZLTJ
KQ8
LGEZI
LK8
LMP
LOTEE
M0L
M1P
M7P
NADUK
NAO
NQJWS
NXXTH
O9-
OK1
OVD
P2P
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
Q2X
RIG
RNS
RNT
RNTTT
ROL
SNX
SNYQT
SOHCF
SOJ
SRMVM
SV3
SWTZT
TAOOD
TBHMF
TDRGL
TEORI
TR2
TSG
TUS
UDS
UKHRP
~8M
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABFSG
ACMFV
ACSTC
AEZWR
AFDZB
AFHIU
AHWEU
AIXLP
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
NPM
AEIIB
PMFND
7QP
7TK
7TM
7TO
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
ABRTQ
AZQEC
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
P64
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-d442089a96205707b74cc3e956423b212bf0f6a0db8778cdf7cb83d5e2a9eb423
IEDL.DBID C6C
ISSN 0929-1903
1476-5500
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:04:20 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 03:25:57 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 09:11:08 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:22:54 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 20:44:27 EDT 2025
Thu May 22 20:52:27 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:41:34 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:41:33 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:13:28 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:38:27 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 8
Language English
License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c544t-d442089a96205707b74cc3e956423b212bf0f6a0db8778cdf7cb83d5e2a9eb423
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript.
OpenAccessLink https://www.nature.com/articles/cgt.2017.27
PMID 28752860
PQID 1939014327
PQPubID 32245
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5605678
proquest_miscellaneous_1924595151
proquest_journals_1939014327
gale_infotracmisc_A504631676
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A504631676
gale_healthsolutions_A504631676
pubmed_primary_28752860
crossref_primary_10_1038_cgt_2017_27
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_cgt_2017_27
springer_journals_10_1038_cgt_2017_27
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2017-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2017
  text: 2017-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
– name: England
– name: San Diego
PublicationTitle Cancer gene therapy
PublicationTitleAbbrev Cancer Gene Ther
PublicationTitleAlternate Cancer Gene Ther
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Nature Publishing Group US
Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group US
– name: Nature Publishing Group
References Hegi, Diserens, Gorlia, Hamou, de Tribolet, Weller (CR9) 2005; 352
Neuwelt, Ambady, Muldoon, McConnell, Doolittle (CR70) 2016; 30
McLendon, Cleveland, Pegram, Bigner, Bigner, Friedman (CR29) 1998; 78
Fu, Calvo, Samson (CR4) 2012; 12
Konduri, Ticku, Bobustuc, Sutphin, Colon, Isley (CR52) 2009; 15
Stupp, Mason, van den Bent, Weller, Fisher, Taphoorn (CR1) 2005; 352
Gerson (CR36) 2004; 4
Ferguson, Schmitt, Lightfoot (CR69) 2013; 8
Juliano, Ming, Carver, Laing (CR23) 2014; 24
Kaliberov, Kaliberova, Yan, Kapoor, Hallahan (CR61) 2016; 23
Beltinger, Saragovi, Smith, LeSauteur, Shah, DeDionisio (CR47) 1995; 95
Sarkaria, Kitange, James, Plummer, Calvert, Weller (CR6) 2008; 14
Tsujiuchi, Natsume, Motomura, Kondo, Ranjit, Hachisu (CR41) 2014; 6
Akhtar, Juliano (CR44) 1992; 2
Chaudhry (CR34) 2008; 15
Partridge, Vincent, Matthews, Puma, Stein, Summerton (CR26) 1996; 6
Mayor, Pagano (CR59) 2007; 8
Morcos, Li, Jiang (CR18) 2008; 45
Wu, Neuwelt, Muldoon, Neuwelt (CR28) 2013; 33
He, Dong, Ren, Yuan, Xie, Pan (CR8) 2013; 180
Hymel, Peterson (CR64) 2012; 64
Young, Pyle (CR17) 2016; 167
Li, Morcos (CR19) 2008; 19
Rewatkar, Parton, Parekh, Parat (CR58) 2015; 91
Delalande, Leduc, Midoux, Postema, Pichon (CR66) 2015; 41
Roth (CR48) 2005; 89
Bareford, Swaan (CR63) 2007; 59
Juliano, Carver (CR22) 2015; 87
Theys, Yahyanejad, Habets, Span, Dubois, Paesmans (CR53) 2013; 108
McGuire, Horsley, Salter, Sobel (CR67) 1992; 127
Viel, Boisgard, Kuhnast, Jego, Siquier-Pernet, Hinnen (CR43) 2008; 18
Yingchoncharoen, Kalinowski, Richardson (CR62) 2016; 68
Liu, Markowitz, Gerson (CR7) 1996; 56
Loke, Stein, Zhang, Mori, Nakanishi, Subasinghe (CR45) 1989; 86
Yakubov, Deeva, Zarytova, Ivanova, Ryte, Yurchenko (CR46) 1989; 86
Delaney, Jacob, Featherstone, Barton (CR25) 2005; 104
Schneider, Rasband, Eliceiri (CR31) 2012; 9
Bleehen, Stenning (CR56) 1991; 64
Nakagawachi, Soejima, Urano, Zhao, Higashimoto, Satoh (CR5) 2003; 22
Geary, Norris, Yu, Bennett (CR20) 2015; 87
Subbotina, Koganti, Hodgson-Zingman, Zingman (CR14) 2016; 99
Qian, Yang, Dragovic, Abu-Isa, Lawrence, Zhang (CR24) 2005; 65
Kitange, Carlson, Schroeder, Grogan, Lamont, Decker (CR37) 2009; 11
Macia, Ehrlich, Massol, Boucrot, Brunner, Kirchhausen (CR60) 2006; 10
Aartsma-Rus, Krieg (CR40) 2017; 27
Eichler, Loeffler (CR54) 2007; 12
Tentori, Graziani (CR11) 2009; 16
Hariri, Yan, Wang, Han, Hallahan (CR57) 2010; 16
Rodriguez, Thibodeau, Jenkins, Schowalter, Caron, O'Neill (CR30) 2008; 16
Egami, Ohuchida, Mizumoto, Onimaru, Toma, Nishio (CR65) 2008; 14
Kato, Natsume, Toda, Iwamizu, Sugita, Hachisu (CR51) 2010; 17
Shaw, Scott, Souhami, Dinapoli, Kline, Loeffler (CR55) 2000; 47
Hegi, Diserens, Godard, Dietrich, Regli, Ostermann (CR10) 2004; 10
Stupp, Hegi, Mason, van den Bent, Taphoorn, Janzer (CR33) 2009; 10
Zhang, Stevens, Bradshaw (CR3) 2012; 5
Chahal, Abdulkarim, Xu, Guiot, Easaw, Stifani (CR68) 2012; 11
Fan, Liu, Cao, Wen, Chen, Jiang (CR13) 2013; 4
Summerton (CR38) 2007; 7
Hegi, Liu, Herman, Stupp, Wick, Weller (CR2) 2008; 26
Kang, Park, Song, Jeoung, Cho, Kim (CR35) 2003; 159
Dias, Stein (CR50) 2002; 1
Dunn, Baborie, Alam, Joyce, Moxham, Sibson (CR32) 2009; 101
Vlassov, Balakireva, Yakubov (CR49) 1994; 1197
Wang, Lu, Wientjes, Au (CR42) 2010; 12
Ingold, Schraml, Heppner, Moch (CR12) 2009; 4
Puhalla, Elmquist, Freyer, Kleinberg, Adkins, Lockman (CR71) 2015; 17
Kinali, Arechavala-Gomeza, Feng, Cirak, Hunt, Adkin (CR16) 2009; 8
Folkert, Timmerman (CR27) 2017; 109
Juliano, Ming, Nakagawa (CR21) 2012; 23
Summerton (CR15) 1999; 1489
Kole, Krieg (CR39) 2015; 87
CS Young (BFcgt201727_CR17) 2016; 167
AF Eichler (BFcgt201727_CR54) 2007; 12
T Nakagawachi (BFcgt201727_CR5) 2003; 22
LA Yakubov (BFcgt201727_CR46) 1989; 86
CH Fan (BFcgt201727_CR13) 2013; 4
D Fu (BFcgt201727_CR4) 2012; 12
SD Konduri (BFcgt201727_CR52) 2009; 15
DP Ferguson (BFcgt201727_CR69) 2013; 8
ME Hegi (BFcgt201727_CR9) 2005; 352
J Summerton (BFcgt201727_CR15) 1999; 1489
SA Kaliberov (BFcgt201727_CR61) 2016; 23
A Delalande (BFcgt201727_CR66) 2015; 41
M Partridge (BFcgt201727_CR26) 1996; 6
B Ingold (BFcgt201727_CR12) 2009; 4
J Theys (BFcgt201727_CR53) 2013; 108
RE McLendon (BFcgt201727_CR29) 1998; 78
J Zhang (BFcgt201727_CR3) 2012; 5
R Kole (BFcgt201727_CR39) 2015; 87
T Egami (BFcgt201727_CR65) 2008; 14
T Viel (BFcgt201727_CR43) 2008; 18
LM Bareford (BFcgt201727_CR63) 2007; 59
J Wang (BFcgt201727_CR42) 2010; 12
PV Rewatkar (BFcgt201727_CR58) 2015; 91
PA Morcos (BFcgt201727_CR18) 2008; 45
S Mayor (BFcgt201727_CR59) 2007; 8
M He (BFcgt201727_CR8) 2013; 180
R Stupp (BFcgt201727_CR1) 2005; 352
J Dunn (BFcgt201727_CR32) 2009; 101
T Tsujiuchi (BFcgt201727_CR41) 2014; 6
L Liu (BFcgt201727_CR7) 1996; 56
T Kato (BFcgt201727_CR51) 2010; 17
E Shaw (BFcgt201727_CR55) 2000; 47
D Hymel (BFcgt201727_CR64) 2012; 64
JN Sarkaria (BFcgt201727_CR6) 2008; 14
MA Chaudhry (BFcgt201727_CR34) 2008; 15
RL Juliano (BFcgt201727_CR23) 2014; 24
CM Roth (BFcgt201727_CR48) 2005; 89
E Neuwelt (BFcgt201727_CR70) 2016; 30
SL Gerson (BFcgt201727_CR36) 2004; 4
ME Hegi (BFcgt201727_CR10) 2004; 10
R Stupp (BFcgt201727_CR33) 2009; 10
C Beltinger (BFcgt201727_CR47) 1995; 95
VV Vlassov (BFcgt201727_CR49) 1994; 1197
YJ Wu (BFcgt201727_CR28) 2013; 33
A Aartsma-Rus (BFcgt201727_CR40) 2017; 27
ME Hegi (BFcgt201727_CR2) 2008; 26
YF Li (BFcgt201727_CR19) 2008; 19
J Qian (BFcgt201727_CR24) 2005; 65
S Puhalla (BFcgt201727_CR71) 2015; 17
P Yingchoncharoen (BFcgt201727_CR62) 2016; 68
CM Kang (BFcgt201727_CR35) 2003; 159
JE Summerton (BFcgt201727_CR38) 2007; 7
S Akhtar (BFcgt201727_CR44) 1992; 2
M Chahal (BFcgt201727_CR68) 2012; 11
HH McGuire Jr (BFcgt201727_CR67) 1992; 127
M Kinali (BFcgt201727_CR16) 2009; 8
RL Juliano (BFcgt201727_CR22) 2015; 87
MR Folkert (BFcgt201727_CR27) 2017; 109
FJ Rodriguez (BFcgt201727_CR30) 2008; 16
E Macia (BFcgt201727_CR60) 2006; 10
E Subbotina (BFcgt201727_CR14) 2016; 99
SL Loke (BFcgt201727_CR45) 1989; 86
RS Geary (BFcgt201727_CR20) 2015; 87
GJ Kitange (BFcgt201727_CR37) 2009; 11
G Delaney (BFcgt201727_CR25) 2005; 104
NM Bleehen (BFcgt201727_CR56) 1991; 64
CA Schneider (BFcgt201727_CR31) 2012; 9
L Tentori (BFcgt201727_CR11) 2009; 16
N Dias (BFcgt201727_CR50) 2002; 1
G Hariri (BFcgt201727_CR57) 2010; 16
RL Juliano (BFcgt201727_CR21) 2012; 23
17659804 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007 Aug 10;59(8):748-58
15758009 - N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10 ):987-96
18952979 - Neuro Oncol. 2009 Jun;11(3):281-91
16055530 - Biophys J. 2005 Oct;89(4):2286-95
23749887 - Anticancer Res. 2013 Jun;33(6):2391-400
15758010 - N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10 ):997-1003
25980936 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:104-7
24489997 - Am J Transl Res. 2014 Jan 15;6(2):169-78
23630592 - PLoS One. 2013 Apr 22;8(4):e61472
16740485 - Dev Cell. 2006 Jun;10(6):839-50
8031827 - Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jun 29;1197(2):95-108
18483356 - Clin Cancer Res. 2008 May 15;14(10):2900-8
26474085 - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jan;99(1):21-5
19269895 - Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10 (5):459-66
18347189 - Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;14(6):1859-67
1596176 - Arch Surg. 1992 Jun;127(6):733-7; discussion 738
22986464 - Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Nov;11(11):2440-50
2549537 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6454-8
8968088 - Cancer Res. 1996 Dec 1;56(23 ):5375-9
12489851 - Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Mar;1(5):347-55
19536096 - Br J Cancer. 2009 Jul 7;101(1):124-31
27929755 - Nucleic Acid Ther. 2017 Feb;27(1):1-3
22122467 - Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;5(1):102-14
19789303 - Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6087-95
2726730 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3474-8
14731968 - Trends Cell Biol. 1992 May;2(5):139-44
19713152 - Lancet Neurol. 2009 Oct;8(10):918-28
14647440 - Oncogene. 2003 Dec 4;22(55):8835-44
20520650 - Gene Ther. 2010 Nov;17 (11):1363-71
17673619 - Oncologist. 2007 Jul;12(7):884-98
22237395 - Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Jan 12;12(2):104-20
19274096 - PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4775
1654987 - Br J Cancer. 1991 Oct;64(4):769-74
18454354 - J Biomed Sci. 2008 Sep;15(5):557-63
10802351 - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 May 1;47(2):291-8
19149575 - Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(2):245-57
7706488 - J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1814-23
27492853 - Cancer Gene Ther. 2016 Sep;23 (9):303-14
27363439 - Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jul;68(3):701-87
27854098 - Oncology (Williston Park). 2016 Nov 15;30(11):963, 966-7
25929996 - Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015 Jul;41(7):1913-26
20802016 - Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 15;16(20):4968-77
25666165 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:46-51
19238792 - Biotechniques. 2008 Dec;45(6):613-4, 616, 618 passim
18729822 - Oligonucleotides. 2008 Sep;18(3):201-12
22401875 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jun 15;64(9):797-810
17609668 - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug;8(8):603-12
22930834 - Nat Methods. 2012 Jul;9(7):671-5
15057289 - Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Apr;4(4):296-307
15041700 - Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 15;10 (6):1871-4
25579057 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Aug 30;91:92-108
8915501 - Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 1996 Fall;6(3):169-75
9605190 - Lab Invest. 1998 May;78(5):643-4
18091318 - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2008 Jan;16(1):59-65
24383421 - Nucleic Acid Ther. 2014 Apr;24(2):101-13
15994918 - Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5493-7
24059678 - Radiat Res. 2013 Oct;180(4):389-97
27932046 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 Jan 15;109 :3-14
25846288 - Neuro Oncol. 2015 May;17(5):639-51
27863231 - Cell. 2016 Nov 17;167(5):1144
25881722 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:35-45
18757334 - J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 1;26(25):4189-99
24157870 - Cell Death Dis. 2013 Oct 24;4:e876
16080176 - Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1129-37
20544328 - AAPS J. 2010 Dec;12(4):492-503
10807004 - Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Dec 10;1489(1):141-58
12600233 - Radiat Res. 2003 Mar;159(3):312-9
17430206 - Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(7):651-60
18564870 - Bioconjug Chem. 2008 Jul;19(7):1464-70
21992697 - Bioconjug Chem. 2012 Feb 15;23(2):147-57
23891097 - Radiother Oncol. 2013 Sep;108(3):440-445
References_xml – volume: 64
  start-page: 797
  year: 2012
  end-page: 810
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Synthetic cell surface receptors for delivery of therapeutics and probes
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.007
– volume: 26
  start-page: 4189
  year: 2008
  end-page: 4199
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Correlation of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation with clinical outcomes in glioblastoma and clinical strategies to modulate MGMT activity
  publication-title: J Clin Oncol
  doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.5964
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1363
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1371
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Efficient delivery of liposome-mediated MGMT-siRNA reinforces the cytotoxity of temozolomide in GBM-initiating cells
  publication-title: Gene Therapy
  doi: 10.1038/gt.2010.88
– volume: 56
  start-page: 5375
  year: 1996
  end-page: 5379
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Mismatch repair mutations override alkyltransferase in conferring resistance to temozolomide but not to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea
  publication-title: Cancer Res
– volume: 167
  start-page: 1144
  year: 2016
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Exon skipping therapy
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.050
– volume: 8
  start-page: e61472
  year: 2013
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Vivo-morpholinos induced transient knockdown of physical activity related proteins
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061472
– volume: 17
  start-page: 639
  year: 2015
  end-page: 651
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Unsanctifying the sanctuary: challenges and opportunities with brain metastases
  publication-title: Neuro Oncol
  doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov023
– volume: 15
  start-page: 6087
  year: 2009
  end-page: 6095
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Blockade of MGMT expression by O6 benzyl guanine leads to inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth and induction of apoptosis
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0887
– volume: 10
  start-page: 839
  year: 2006
  end-page: 850
  ident: CR60
  article-title: Dynasore, a cell-permeable inhibitor of dynamin
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.002
– volume: 23
  start-page: 303
  year: 2016
  end-page: 314
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Retargeted adenoviruses for radiation-guided gene delivery
  publication-title: Cancer Gene Ther
  doi: 10.1038/cgt.2016.32
– volume: 68
  start-page: 701
  year: 2016
  end-page: 787
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Lipid-based drug delivery systems in cancer therapy: what is available and what is yet to come
  publication-title: Pharmacol Rev
  doi: 10.1124/pr.115.012070
– volume: 127
  start-page: 733
  year: 1992
  end-page: 737
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Measuring and managing quality of surgery. Statistical vs incidental approaches
  publication-title: Arch Surg
  doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420060113017
– volume: 91
  start-page: 92
  year: 2015
  end-page: 108
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Are caveolae a cellular entry route for non-viral therapeutic delivery systems?
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.003
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2440
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2450
  ident: CR68
  article-title: O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a novel negative effector of invasion in glioblastoma multiforme
  publication-title: Mol Cancer Ther
  doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0977
– volume: 16
  start-page: 4968
  year: 2010
  end-page: 4977
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Radiation-guided drug delivery to mouse models of lung cancer
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0969
– volume: 7
  start-page: 651
  year: 2007
  end-page: 660
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Morpholino, siRNA, and S-DNA compared: impact of structure and mechanism of action on off-target effects and sequence specificity
  publication-title: Curr Top Med Chem
  doi: 10.2174/156802607780487740
– volume: 16
  start-page: 59
  year: 2008
  end-page: 65
  ident: CR30
  article-title: MGMT immunohistochemical expression and promoter methylation in human glioblastoma
  publication-title: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
– volume: 65
  start-page: 5493
  year: 2005
  end-page: 5497
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Ionizing radiation-induced adenovirus infection is mediated by Dynamin 2
  publication-title: Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4526
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1913
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1926
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Efficient gene delivery by sonoporation is associated with microbubble entry into cells and the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway
  publication-title: Ultrasound Med Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.010
– volume: 180
  start-page: 389
  year: 2013
  end-page: 397
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Radiation enhances the invasiveness of irradiated and nonirradiated bystander hepatoma cells through a VEGF-MMP2 pathway initiated by p53
  publication-title: Radiat Res
  doi: 10.1667/RR3355.1
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1129
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1137
  ident: CR25
  article-title: The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a review of evidence-based clinical guidelines
  publication-title: Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/cncr.21324
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1814
  year: 1995
  end-page: 1823
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Binding, uptake, and intracellular trafficking of phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotides
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  doi: 10.1172/JCI117860
– volume: 87
  start-page: 35
  year: 2015
  end-page: 45
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.005
– volume: 4
  start-page: e876
  year: 2013
  ident: CR13
  article-title: O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase as a promising target for the treatment of temozolomide-resistant gliomas
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis
  doi: 10.1038/cddis.2013.388
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2391
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2400
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Acetaminophen enhances cisplatin- and paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity to SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma
  publication-title: Anticancer Res
– volume: 14
  start-page: 2900
  year: 2008
  end-page: 2908
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Mechanisms of chemoresistance to alkylating agents in malignant glioma
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1719
– volume: 64
  start-page: 769
  year: 1991
  end-page: 774
  ident: CR56
  article-title: A Medical Research Council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. The Medical Research Council Brain Tumour Working Party
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.396
– volume: 78
  start-page: 643
  year: 1998
  end-page: 644
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Immunohistochemical detection of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded astrocytomas
  publication-title: Lab Invest
– volume: 6
  start-page: 169
  year: 1996
  end-page: 175
  ident: CR26
  article-title: A simple method for delivering morpholino antisense oligos into the cytoplasm of cells
  publication-title: Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev
  doi: 10.1089/oli.1.1996.6.169
– volume: 352
  start-page: 987
  year: 2005
  end-page: 996
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043330
– volume: 5
  start-page: 102
  year: 2012
  end-page: 114
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Temozolomide: mechanisms of action, repair and resistance
  publication-title: Curr Mol Pharmacol
  doi: 10.2174/1874467211205010102
– volume: 8
  start-page: 918
  year: 2009
  end-page: 928
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Local restoration of dystrophin expression with the morpholino oligomer AVI-4658 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70211-X
– volume: 45
  start-page: 613
  year: 2008
  end-page: 614
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Vivo-Morpholinos: a non-peptide transporter delivers Morpholinos into a wide array of mouse tissues
  publication-title: Biotechniques
  doi: 10.2144/000113005
– volume: 2
  start-page: 139
  year: 1992
  end-page: 144
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of antisense oligonucleotides
  publication-title: Trends Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0962-8924(92)90100-2
– volume: 101
  start-page: 124
  year: 2009
  end-page: 131
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Extent of MGMT promoter methylation correlates with outcome in glioblastomas given temozolomide and radiotherapy
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605127
– volume: 1
  start-page: 347
  year: 2002
  end-page: 355
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Antisense oligonucleotides: basic concepts and mechanisms
  publication-title: Mol Cancer Ther
  doi: 10.4161/cbt.1.4.4
– volume: 16
  start-page: 245
  year: 2009
  end-page: 257
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Recent approaches to improve the antitumor efficacy of temozolomide
  publication-title: Curr Med Chem
  doi: 10.2174/092986709787002718
– volume: 9
  start-page: 671
  year: 2012
  end-page: 675
  ident: CR31
  article-title: NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
  publication-title: Nat Methods
  doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2089
– volume: 108
  start-page: 440
  year: 2013
  end-page: 445
  ident: CR53
  article-title: High NOTCH activity induces radiation resistance in non small cell lung cancer
  publication-title: Radiother Oncol
  doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.020
– volume: 87
  start-page: 104
  year: 2015
  end-page: 107
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Exon skipping therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.008
– volume: 8
  start-page: 603
  year: 2007
  end-page: 612
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm2216
– volume: 1489
  start-page: 141
  year: 1999
  end-page: 158
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Morpholino antisense oligomers: the case for an RNase H-independent structural type
  publication-title: Biochim Biophys Acta
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00150-5
– volume: 30
  start-page: 966
  year: 2016
  end-page: 967
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Outwitting the blood-brain barrier
  publication-title: Oncology (Williston Park)
– volume: 22
  start-page: 8835
  year: 2003
  end-page: 8844
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Silencing effect of CpG island hypermethylation and histone modifications on O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene expression in human cancer
  publication-title: Oncogene
  doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207183
– volume: 10
  start-page: 459
  year: 2009
  end-page: 466
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial
  publication-title: Lancet Oncol
  doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7
– volume: 12
  start-page: 492
  year: 2010
  end-page: 503
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Delivery of siRNA therapeutics: barriers and carriers
  publication-title: AAPS J
  doi: 10.1208/s12248-010-9210-4
– volume: 6
  start-page: 169
  year: 2014
  end-page: 178
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Preclinical evaluation of an O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-siRNA/liposome complex administered by convection-enhanced delivery to rat and porcinebrains
  publication-title: Am J Transl Res
– volume: 86
  start-page: 6454
  year: 1989
  end-page: 6458
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Mechanism of oligonucleotide uptake by cells: involvement of specific receptors?
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6454
– volume: 86
  start-page: 3474
  year: 1989
  end-page: 3478
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Characterization of oligonucleotide transport into living cells
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.10.3474
– volume: 18
  start-page: 201
  year: 2008
  end-page: 212
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Molecular imaging study on distribution and pharmacokinetics of modified small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
  publication-title: Oligonucleotides
  doi: 10.1089/oli.2008.0133
– volume: 12
  start-page: 104
  year: 2012
  end-page: 120
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Balancing repair and tolerance of DNA damage caused by alkylating agents
  publication-title: Nat Rev Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/nrc3185
– volume: 15
  start-page: 557
  year: 2008
  end-page: 563
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Biomarkers for human radiation exposure
  publication-title: J Biomed Sci
  doi: 10.1007/s11373-008-9253-z
– volume: 87
  start-page: 46
  year: 2015
  end-page: 51
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and cell uptake of antisense oligonucleotides
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.008
– volume: 159
  start-page: 312
  year: 2003
  end-page: 319
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Possible biomarkers for ionizing radiation exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
  publication-title: Radiat Res
  doi: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0312:PBFIRE]2.0.CO;2
– volume: 47
  start-page: 291
  year: 2000
  end-page: 298
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05
  publication-title: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
  doi: 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00507-6
– volume: 4
  start-page: e4775
  year: 2009
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Homogeneous MGMT immunoreactivity correlates with an unmethylated MGMT promoter status in brain metastases of various solid tumors
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004775
– volume: 24
  start-page: 101
  year: 2014
  end-page: 113
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides: implications for oligonucleotide pharmacology
  publication-title: Nucleic Acid Ther
  doi: 10.1089/nat.2013.0463
– volume: 352
  start-page: 997
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1003
  ident: CR9
  article-title: MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043331
– volume: 99
  start-page: 21
  year: 2016
  end-page: 25
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Morpholino-driven gene editing: a new horizon for disease treatment and prevention
  publication-title: Clin Pharmacol Ther
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.276
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1871
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1874
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Clinical trial substantiates the predictive value of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation in glioblastoma patients treated with temozolomide
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0384
– volume: 4
  start-page: 296
  year: 2004
  end-page: 307
  ident: CR36
  article-title: MGMT: its role in cancer aetiology and cancer therapeutics
  publication-title: Nat Rev Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/nrc1319
– volume: 1197
  start-page: 95
  year: 1994
  end-page: 108
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Transport of oligonucleotides across natural and model membranes
  publication-title: Biochim Biophys Acta
  doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(94)90001-9
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1464
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1470
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Design and synthesis of dendritic molecular transporter that achieves efficient delivery of morpholino antisense oligo
  publication-title: Bioconjug Chem
  doi: 10.1021/bc8001437
– volume: 109
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  end-page: 14
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Stereotactic ablative body radiosurgery (SABR) or Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.005
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2286
  year: 2005
  end-page: 2295
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Molecular and cellular barriers limiting the effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides
  publication-title: Biophys J
  doi: 10.1529/biophysj.104.054080
– volume: 12
  start-page: 884
  year: 2007
  end-page: 898
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Multidisciplinary management of brain metastases
  publication-title: Oncologist
  doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-884
– volume: 11
  start-page: 281
  year: 2009
  end-page: 291
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Induction of MGMT expression is associated with temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma xenografts
  publication-title: Neuro Oncol
  doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-090
– volume: 23
  start-page: 147
  year: 2012
  end-page: 157
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides
  publication-title: Bioconjug Chem
  doi: 10.1021/bc200377d
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  end-page: 3
  ident: CR40
  article-title: FDA approves eteplirsen for duchenne muscular dystrophy: the next chapter in the eteplirsen saga
  publication-title: Nucleic Acid Ther
  doi: 10.1089/nat.2016.0657
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1859
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1867
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Radiation enhances adenoviral gene therapy in pancreatic cancer via activation of cytomegalovirus promoter and increased adenovirus uptake
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0933
– volume: 59
  start-page: 748
  year: 2007
  end-page: 758
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Endocytic mechanisms for targeted drug delivery
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.06.008
– volume: 9
  start-page: 671
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR31
  publication-title: Nat Methods
  doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2089
– volume: 16
  start-page: 59
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR30
  publication-title: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
  doi: 10.1097/PAI.0b013e31802fac2f
– volume: 47
  start-page: 291
  year: 2000
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR55
  publication-title: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
  doi: 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00507-6
– volume: 87
  start-page: 35
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR22
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.005
– volume: 6
  start-page: 169
  year: 1996
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR26
  publication-title: Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev
  doi: 10.1089/oli.1.1996.6.169
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2440
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR68
  publication-title: Mol Cancer Ther
  doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0977
– volume: 23
  start-page: 303
  year: 2016
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR61
  publication-title: Cancer Gene Ther
  doi: 10.1038/cgt.2016.32
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1913
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR66
  publication-title: Ultrasound Med Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.010
– volume: 4
  start-page: 296
  year: 2004
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR36
  publication-title: Nat Rev Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/nrc1319
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1859
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR65
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0933
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1464
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR19
  publication-title: Bioconjug Chem
  doi: 10.1021/bc8001437
– volume: 15
  start-page: 557
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR34
  publication-title: J Biomed Sci
  doi: 10.1007/s11373-008-9253-z
– volume: 26
  start-page: 4189
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR2
  publication-title: J Clin Oncol
  doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.5964
– volume: 65
  start-page: 5493
  year: 2005
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR24
  publication-title: Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4526
– volume: 10
  start-page: 839
  year: 2006
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR60
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.002
– volume: 30
  start-page: 966
  year: 2016
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR70
  publication-title: Oncology (Williston Park)
– volume: 180
  start-page: 389
  year: 2013
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR8
  publication-title: Radiat Res
  doi: 10.1667/RR3355.1
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1871
  year: 2004
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR10
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0384
– volume: 68
  start-page: 701
  year: 2016
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR62
  publication-title: Pharmacol Rev
  doi: 10.1124/pr.115.012070
– volume: 352
  start-page: 997
  year: 2005
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR9
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043331
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1129
  year: 2005
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR25
  publication-title: Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/cncr.21324
– volume: 17
  start-page: 639
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR71
  publication-title: Neuro Oncol
  doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov023
– volume: 352
  start-page: 987
  year: 2005
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR1
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043330
– volume: 11
  start-page: 281
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR37
  publication-title: Neuro Oncol
  doi: 10.1215/15228517-2008-090
– volume: 15
  start-page: 6087
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR52
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0887
– volume: 12
  start-page: 492
  year: 2010
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR42
  publication-title: AAPS J
  doi: 10.1208/s12248-010-9210-4
– volume: 108
  start-page: 440
  year: 2013
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR53
  publication-title: Radiother Oncol
  doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.020
– volume: 7
  start-page: 651
  year: 2007
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR38
  publication-title: Curr Top Med Chem
  doi: 10.2174/156802607780487740
– volume: 1
  start-page: 347
  year: 2002
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR50
  publication-title: Mol Cancer Ther
  doi: 10.4161/cbt.1.4.4
– volume: 8
  start-page: 603
  year: 2007
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR59
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm2216
– volume: 22
  start-page: 8835
  year: 2003
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR5
  publication-title: Oncogene
  doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207183
– volume: 14
  start-page: 2900
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR6
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1719
– volume: 1489
  start-page: 141
  year: 1999
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR15
  publication-title: Biochim Biophys Acta
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00150-5
– volume: 2
  start-page: 139
  year: 1992
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR44
  publication-title: Trends Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0962-8924(92)90100-2
– volume: 4
  start-page: e4775
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR12
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004775
– volume: 167
  start-page: 1144
  year: 2016
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR17
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.050
– volume: 86
  start-page: 6454
  year: 1989
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR46
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6454
– volume: 8
  start-page: e61472
  year: 2013
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR69
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061472
– volume: 12
  start-page: 884
  year: 2007
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR54
  publication-title: Oncologist
  doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-884
– volume: 64
  start-page: 769
  year: 1991
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR56
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/bjc.1991.396
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1363
  year: 2010
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR51
  publication-title: Gene Therapy
  doi: 10.1038/gt.2010.88
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1814
  year: 1995
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR47
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  doi: 10.1172/JCI117860
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2286
  year: 2005
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR48
  publication-title: Biophys J
  doi: 10.1529/biophysj.104.054080
– volume: 4
  start-page: e876
  year: 2013
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR13
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis
  doi: 10.1038/cddis.2013.388
– volume: 64
  start-page: 797
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR64
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.007
– volume: 12
  start-page: 104
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR4
  publication-title: Nat Rev Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/nrc3185
– volume: 87
  start-page: 104
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR39
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.008
– volume: 59
  start-page: 748
  year: 2007
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR63
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.06.008
– volume: 16
  start-page: 245
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR11
  publication-title: Curr Med Chem
  doi: 10.2174/092986709787002718
– volume: 78
  start-page: 643
  year: 1998
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR29
  publication-title: Lab Invest
– volume: 10
  start-page: 459
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR33
  publication-title: Lancet Oncol
  doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7
– volume: 24
  start-page: 101
  year: 2014
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR23
  publication-title: Nucleic Acid Ther
  doi: 10.1089/nat.2013.0463
– volume: 45
  start-page: 613
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR18
  publication-title: Biotechniques
  doi: 10.2144/000113005
– volume: 87
  start-page: 46
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR20
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.008
– volume: 16
  start-page: 4968
  year: 2010
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR57
  publication-title: Clin Cancer Res
  doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0969
– volume: 23
  start-page: 147
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR21
  publication-title: Bioconjug Chem
  doi: 10.1021/bc200377d
– volume: 91
  start-page: 92
  year: 2015
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR58
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.003
– volume: 56
  start-page: 5375
  year: 1996
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR7
  publication-title: Cancer Res
– volume: 6
  start-page: 169
  year: 2014
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR41
  publication-title: Am J Transl Res
– volume: 86
  start-page: 3474
  year: 1989
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR45
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.10.3474
– volume: 5
  start-page: 102
  year: 2012
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR3
  publication-title: Curr Mol Pharmacol
  doi: 10.2174/1874467211205010102
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR40
  publication-title: Nucleic Acid Ther
  doi: 10.1089/nat.2016.0657
– volume: 109
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR27
  publication-title: Adv Drug Deliv Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.005
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2391
  year: 2013
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR28
  publication-title: Anticancer Res
– volume: 1197
  start-page: 95
  year: 1994
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR49
  publication-title: Biochim Biophys Acta
  doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(94)90001-9
– volume: 8
  start-page: 918
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR16
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70211-X
– volume: 99
  start-page: 21
  year: 2016
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR14
  publication-title: Clin Pharmacol Ther
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.276
– volume: 159
  start-page: 312
  year: 2003
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR35
  publication-title: Radiat Res
  doi: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0312:PBFIRE]2.0.CO;2
– volume: 127
  start-page: 733
  year: 1992
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR67
  publication-title: Arch Surg
  doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420060113017
– volume: 18
  start-page: 201
  year: 2008
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR43
  publication-title: Oligonucleotides
  doi: 10.1089/oli.2008.0133
– volume: 101
  start-page: 124
  year: 2009
  ident: BFcgt201727_CR32
  publication-title: Br J Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605127
– reference: 19536096 - Br J Cancer. 2009 Jul 7;101(1):124-31
– reference: 17673619 - Oncologist. 2007 Jul;12(7):884-98
– reference: 16740485 - Dev Cell. 2006 Jun;10(6):839-50
– reference: 7706488 - J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1814-23
– reference: 26474085 - Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jan;99(1):21-5
– reference: 1596176 - Arch Surg. 1992 Jun;127(6):733-7; discussion 738
– reference: 27863231 - Cell. 2016 Nov 17;167(5):1144
– reference: 18564870 - Bioconjug Chem. 2008 Jul;19(7):1464-70
– reference: 19149575 - Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(2):245-57
– reference: 9605190 - Lab Invest. 1998 May;78(5):643-4
– reference: 25666165 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:46-51
– reference: 27929755 - Nucleic Acid Ther. 2017 Feb;27(1):1-3
– reference: 27854098 - Oncology (Williston Park). 2016 Nov 15;30(11):963, 966-7
– reference: 27932046 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017 Jan 15;109 :3-14
– reference: 8968088 - Cancer Res. 1996 Dec 1;56(23 ):5375-9
– reference: 2726730 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3474-8
– reference: 20802016 - Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 15;16(20):4968-77
– reference: 25881722 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:35-45
– reference: 18091318 - Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2008 Jan;16(1):59-65
– reference: 20520650 - Gene Ther. 2010 Nov;17 (11):1363-71
– reference: 8031827 - Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Jun 29;1197(2):95-108
– reference: 15041700 - Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 15;10 (6):1871-4
– reference: 25980936 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Jun 29;87:104-7
– reference: 22122467 - Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;5(1):102-14
– reference: 10807004 - Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Dec 10;1489(1):141-58
– reference: 16055530 - Biophys J. 2005 Oct;89(4):2286-95
– reference: 8915501 - Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 1996 Fall;6(3):169-75
– reference: 15758010 - N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10 ):997-1003
– reference: 19269895 - Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10 (5):459-66
– reference: 24383421 - Nucleic Acid Ther. 2014 Apr;24(2):101-13
– reference: 24489997 - Am J Transl Res. 2014 Jan 15;6(2):169-78
– reference: 19713152 - Lancet Neurol. 2009 Oct;8(10):918-28
– reference: 25929996 - Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015 Jul;41(7):1913-26
– reference: 18729822 - Oligonucleotides. 2008 Sep;18(3):201-12
– reference: 19274096 - PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4775
– reference: 12489851 - Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Mar;1(5):347-55
– reference: 15994918 - Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5493-7
– reference: 27363439 - Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jul;68(3):701-87
– reference: 22930834 - Nat Methods. 2012 Jul;9(7):671-5
– reference: 24059678 - Radiat Res. 2013 Oct;180(4):389-97
– reference: 17659804 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007 Aug 10;59(8):748-58
– reference: 14731968 - Trends Cell Biol. 1992 May;2(5):139-44
– reference: 1654987 - Br J Cancer. 1991 Oct;64(4):769-74
– reference: 23891097 - Radiother Oncol. 2013 Sep;108(3):440-445
– reference: 20544328 - AAPS J. 2010 Dec;12(4):492-503
– reference: 16080176 - Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1129-37
– reference: 25846288 - Neuro Oncol. 2015 May;17(5):639-51
– reference: 23749887 - Anticancer Res. 2013 Jun;33(6):2391-400
– reference: 19789303 - Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6087-95
– reference: 17430206 - Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(7):651-60
– reference: 2549537 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6454-8
– reference: 14647440 - Oncogene. 2003 Dec 4;22(55):8835-44
– reference: 15758009 - N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10 ):987-96
– reference: 22237395 - Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Jan 12;12(2):104-20
– reference: 22986464 - Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Nov;11(11):2440-50
– reference: 18483356 - Clin Cancer Res. 2008 May 15;14(10):2900-8
– reference: 25579057 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 Aug 30;91:92-108
– reference: 19238792 - Biotechniques. 2008 Dec;45(6):613-4, 616, 618 passim
– reference: 27492853 - Cancer Gene Ther. 2016 Sep;23 (9):303-14
– reference: 10802351 - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 May 1;47(2):291-8
– reference: 18347189 - Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;14(6):1859-67
– reference: 15057289 - Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Apr;4(4):296-307
– reference: 17609668 - Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug;8(8):603-12
– reference: 22401875 - Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jun 15;64(9):797-810
– reference: 18454354 - J Biomed Sci. 2008 Sep;15(5):557-63
– reference: 21992697 - Bioconjug Chem. 2012 Feb 15;23(2):147-57
– reference: 23630592 - PLoS One. 2013 Apr 22;8(4):e61472
– reference: 18757334 - J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 1;26(25):4189-99
– reference: 12600233 - Radiat Res. 2003 Mar;159(3):312-9
– reference: 18952979 - Neuro Oncol. 2009 Jun;11(3):281-91
– reference: 24157870 - Cell Death Dis. 2013 Oct 24;4:e876
SSID ssj0014773
Score 2.2013822
Snippet The DNA repair enzyme O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation....
The DNA repair enzyme O -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation....
The DNA repair enzyme O[sup.6]-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation....
The DNA repair enzyme O6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation....
The DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is epigenetically silenced in some tumors by MGMT gene promoter methylation....
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 348
SubjectTerms 13/109
14/19
42
42/34
42/41
631/67/68
692/308/153
692/699/67/1059/602
82/51
96
Analysis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain cancer
Cancer
Care and treatment
Cell proliferation
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Comparative analysis
Cytotoxicity
Diagnosis
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
DNA repair
Endocytosis
Gene Expression
Gene Therapy
Glioblastoma
Glioblastomas
Ionizing radiation
Metastases
Methylguanine
Methyltransferases
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
Oligonucleotides
Original
original-article
Solid tumors
Temozolomide
Tumor cells
Tumors
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3di9QwEB_0RPFF9PyqnhrhRBCibdo07ZMccuchrE93sG-l-ehuYW1Xtwvu3-E_7Eybrbur-FIomaHZnUnyS2byG4DTrKJ7edpy55ThxFfCMy00z0uXSKFTMxCYTr6ml9fJl6mc-gO3lU-r3M6J_URtW0Nn5B8QaFDELxbq4_I7p6pRFF31JTRuwi2iLqPNl5qOG64oUUOEGSEAx4Uv9vfzwjjDrSclUkbqPZWT2VmRDuflnYXpMGnyIHLaL0gX9-GeR5LsbDD9A7jhmmO4PdSW3BzDnYmPmj-EX-fNnGg1mhlDuMfMpmu79ic2dhvWVgzN9g0dwQ5GYnQyy8ZXPlvX1llm3YIyOHoFNEbNJ58nVwz1lnMq-9MyfM7ahtiR2w41VqxuWIP6VKJ6s0BEaxm6eW1Zt0at1SO4vji_-nTJfTEGbmSSdNwmFIjPyzwVCPFCpVViTOxwe4WATOMCqKuwSsvQ6kypzNhKGZ3FVjpR5k6jzGM4wq-6p8C0RSlNRPChTXJR6bgUxhrpqqjMI2sCeLc1SGE8UzkVzFgUfcQ8zgq0XkHWK4QK4HQUXg4EHf8We0WWLYbbpeOwLs4kUaZFqUoDeNtL0MDGr5nS30_APhNF1p7kyZ4kDkiz37z1nsJPCKvij_sG8HpsJk1KcmtcuyYZkUhEvDIK4MngbONPwo2tFFkaBqD23HAUIJrw_Zamnvd04YhpJUKSAN5sHXanW3__U8_-3_3ncJcEhxzIEzjqfqzdC8RlnX7ZD77fHMI6jg
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Enhancing the cytotoxicity of chemoradiation with radiation-guided delivery of anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotides in non-methylated solid tumors
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/cgt.2017.27
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752860
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1939014327
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1924595151
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5605678
Volume 24
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3di9NAEB-8OxRfRM-v6FlXOBGESLLJZpPHs_Q8hB4id9C3kP1IW6jJYVOwf4f_sDPZNDTVB19Cy_6GbDOzmdnO7G8AztOSzuUp41srtU98JX6quPKzwsaCq0Q7AtPpdXJ1G3-diVnHs73uyiodpWX7mt5Vh-FWkQofQ_mJyyM4Ic52qt8bJ-M-ZRBLl05Gf--jl4u6w3hBlO4LD9zP4Ut4zwsdVkgepElb73P5GB51YSO7cBN9AvdsdQr3XSPJ7Sk8mHYp8qfwe1ItiEOjmjOM7ZjeNnVT_8LBZsvqkqGOfqDWjdMIo79hWf_Vn2-Wxhpm7IrKNVoBfPJLf_plesNQ7m5BPX5qhtd5XREVct2gxJotK1ahPPWj3q4wfDUMbXppWLNBqfUzuL2c3Iyv_K7zgq9FHDe-iSnrnhVZwjGeC6SSsdaRxb0URl8KvZ0qgzIpAqNSKVNtSqlVGhlheZFZhZjncIx3tS-BKYMoRazvgYkzXqqo4NpoYcuwyEKjPfi4U0iuO1py6o6xytv0eJTmqL2ctJdz6cF5D75zbBz_hr0lzebuKGm_hvMLQfxoYSITDz60CFrFeDdddIcRcM7EhzVAng2QuPr0cHhnPXm3-tc5BsWUnY5oJu_6YZKkirbK1hvC8FhgeCtCD144Y-t_Eu5iBU-TwAM5MMMeQJzgw5FquWi5wTGAFRh_ePB-Z7B70_r7Sb36T9xreEifXOXjGRw3Pzf2DUZjjRrBkZxJvKbjcAQnnyfX376P2pX5B9ByOWY
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF5VRTwuCMrLUOgitUJCWrDXa699QKgqLSltekql3oz34SRSsANxBP4d_A9-IzN-kQTErZdI0c7Im8zs7Lee2W8I2Y8yvJenDLNWaoZ8JSxSXLE4tSLgKtQNgenwIhxcik9XwdUW-dXdhcGyyi4m1oHaFBrfkb8FoIEZP5_L9_OvDLtGYXa1a6HRuMWZrb7DkW3x7vQD2PeA85Pj0dGAtV0FmA6EKJkRmFGO0zjkgFVcqaTQ2rdwTgBkoSCSq8zNwtQ1KpIy0iaTWkW-CSxPY6sEEh1AyL8hfF8iV3901JeUeEI2GW2AHAw2Wr-9D-j6ERx1sXDTk2-wfc3KDri5D6xshJtFmhuZ2noDPLlH7rbIlR42rnafbNl8h9xsellWO-TWsM3SPyA_j_MJ0njkYwrwkuqqLMriBwyWFS0yCm7yBRzPNE5B8U0w7b-y8XJqrKHGzrBipFYA40_Z8ONwREFvPsE2QwWFz3GRIxtzUYLGgk5zmoM-tsSuZoCgDYVlNTW0XILW4iG5vBYzPSLb8FT7hFBlQEoh8bxrRMwz5adcGx3YzEtjz2iHvO4MkuiWGR0bdMySOkPvRwlYL0HrJVw6ZL8XnjeEIP8W20PLJs1t1j6MJIcBUrR5oQwd8qqWwEACT9Npex8C5oyUXGuSu2uSEAD0-nDnPUkbgBbJn-XikJf9MGpiUV1uiyXKcBEAwg48hzxunK3_SXCQDngUug6Ra27YCyAt-fpIPp3U9OSAoQOAQA456Bx2ZVp__1NP_z_9PXJ7MBqeJ-enF2fPyB1Uauovd8l2-W1pnwMmLNWLeiFS8vm6V_5vNcl2pw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB5VRVRcEJSXodBFaoWEZLDXj7UPCFW0oaWk4tBKuRnvw0mkYAfiCPw7-Df8Omb8IgmIWy-Rop2RN5nHznhmvwE4iDK6lye1bYxQNuGV2JHk0o5T4wdchqoBMB1ehKdX_odRMNqCX91dGGqr7Hxi7ah1oegd-WsMNKji52GqnrVtEZ-OB2_nX22aIEWV1m6cRqMi56b6junb4s3ZMcr6kPPByeW7U7udMGCrwPdLW_tUXY7TOOQYtzhCCl8pz2DOgFGGRK8uMycLU0fLSIhI6UwoGXk6MDyNjfQJ9ADd_w3h4bGJtiRGfbLn-qKpbmP4YeOh67V3Ax0vwrSXmjhd8YpG2aychptnwsqhuNmwuVG1rQ_DwR243Uax7KhRu7uwZfJduNnMtax2YWfYVuzvwc-TfEKQHvmYYajJVFUWZfEDF8uKFRlDlfmCSqgbBWH0Vpj1X-3xcqqNZtrMqHukZkBFmNrD98NLhnzzCY0cKhh-jouckJmLEjkWbJqzHPlpPHY1w2haMzSxqWblErkW9-HqWsT0ALbxqeYRMKmRShIIvaP9mGfSS7nSKjCZm8auVha87ASSqBYlnYZ1zJK6Wu9FCUovIeklXFhw0BPPG3CQf5Ptk2ST5mZr71KSo4Dg2txQhBa8qCnIqeDTVNrejcA9EzzXGuXeGiU6A7W-3GlP0jqjRfLHdCx43i8TJzXY5aZYEg33A4y2A9eCh42y9T8Jk-qAR6FjgVhTw56AIMrXV_LppIYqx3g6wHDIgsNOYVe29fc_9fj_29-HHbT55OPZxfkTuEU8TSvmHmyX35bmKYaHpXxW2yGDz9dt-L8B6-l7CQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enhancing+the+cytotoxicity+of+chemoradiation+with+radiation-guided+delivery+of+anti-MGMT+morpholino+oligonucleotides+in+non-methylated+solid+tumors&rft.jtitle=Cancer+gene+therapy&rft.au=Ambady%2C+P&rft.au=Wu%2C+Y+J&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+M&rft.au=Kersch%2C+C&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.issn=0929-1903&rft.eissn=1476-5500&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=348&rft.epage=357&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fcgt.2017.27&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_cgt_2017_27
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0929-1903&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0929-1903&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0929-1903&client=summon