Hedgehog transcriptional effector GLI mediates mTOR-Induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer organoids

Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gast...

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Published inCancer letters Vol. 518; pp. 59 - 71
Main Authors Koh, Vivien, Chakrabarti, Jayati, Torvund, Meaghan, Steele, Nina, Hawkins, Jennifer A., Ito, Yoshiaki, Wang, Jiang, Helmrath, Michael A., Merchant, Juanita L., Ahmed, Syed A., Shabbir, Asim, Yan So, Jimmy Bok, Yong, Wei Peng, Zavros, Yana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ireland Elsevier B.V 10.10.2021
Elsevier Limited
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Abstract Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. •Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and may contribute to resistance to immunotherapy.•The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential.•An autologous cancer PDO/immune cell co-culture system may be used to investigate PD-L1/PD-1 blockade together with the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells MDSCs.•The mTOR pathway mediates the non-canonical Hedgehog signaling cascade to induce PD-L1 expression.•The mTOR signaling pathway may be targeted to decrease PD-L1 expression and increase response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer.
AbstractList Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. •Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and may contribute to resistance to immunotherapy.•The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential.•An autologous cancer PDO/immune cell co-culture system may be used to investigate PD-L1/PD-1 blockade together with the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells MDSCs.•The mTOR pathway mediates the non-canonical Hedgehog signaling cascade to induce PD-L1 expression.•The mTOR signaling pathway may be targeted to decrease PD-L1 expression and increase response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer.
Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.
Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.
Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of gastric cancer to immunotherapy is relatively low. Our laboratory has reported that Helicobacter pylori-induced PD-L1 expression within the gastric epithelium is mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer and may have immunomodulatory potential. We hypothesize that Hh signaling mediates mTOR-induced PD-L1 expression. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from gastric biopsies and resected tumor tissues. Autologous organoid/immune cell co-cultures were used to study the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of immune-related protein markers using FFPE slide-mounted tissues from gastric cancer patients was performed. DSP analysis showed infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs expressing Arg1, CD66b, VISTA and IDO1 within cancer tissues. Orthotopic transplantation of patient derived organoids (PDOs) resulted in the engraftment of organoids and the development of histology similar to that observed in the patient's tumor tissue. PDO/immune cell co-cultures revealed that PD-L1-expressing organoids were unresponsive to nivolumab in vitro in the presence of PMN-MDSCs. Depletion of PMN-MDSCs within these co-cultures sensitized the organoids to anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced cancer cell death. Rapamycin decreased phosphorylated S6K, Gli2 and PD-L1 expression in PDO/immune cell co-cultures. Transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by GLI1 and GLI2 was blocked by rapamycin. In conclusion, the PDO/immune cell co-cultures may be used to study immunosuppressive MDSC function within the gastric tumor microenvironment. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates GLI-induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.
Author Torvund, Meaghan
Helmrath, Michael A.
Koh, Vivien
Shabbir, Asim
Hawkins, Jennifer A.
Ito, Yoshiaki
Ahmed, Syed A.
Yong, Wei Peng
Zavros, Yana
Steele, Nina
Yan So, Jimmy Bok
Chakrabarti, Jayati
Wang, Jiang
Merchant, Juanita L.
AuthorAffiliation 1 National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
2 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore
3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
10 Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
9 Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
7 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson AZ, USA
4 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
6 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
8 Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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  surname: Merchant
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34126195$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Keywords Sonic hedgehog
Tumor microenvironment
Myeloid derived suppressor cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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Snippet Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of...
Tumors evade immune surveillance by expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), subsequently inhibiting CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Response of...
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StartPage 59
SubjectTerms 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
AKT protein
Apoptosis
Autografts
B7-H1 Antigen - genetics
Cancer therapies
CD8 antigen
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Cell death
Cells, Cultured
Chemotherapy
Cytokines
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Epithelium
Fatalities
Gastric cancer
Gene regulation
Growth factors
Hedgehog protein
Hedgehog Proteins - genetics
Helicobacter pylori - pathogenicity
Human subjects
Humans
Immunomodulation
Immunosurveillance
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Metastases
Monoclonal antibodies
Myeloid derived suppressor cells
Organoids
Organoids - metabolism
PD-1 protein
PD-L1 protein
Rapamycin
Regulation
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction - genetics
Sonic hedgehog
Stomach Neoplasms - genetics
Stomach Neoplasms - microbiology
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - metabolism
Targeted cancer therapy
TOR protein
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
Transcription
Transcription, Genetic - genetics
Transplantation
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment - genetics
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumors
Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 - genetics
Title Hedgehog transcriptional effector GLI mediates mTOR-Induced PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer organoids
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0304383521002925
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.007
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34126195
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2558083195
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2541321482
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8606306
Volume 518
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