Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report
Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found...
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| Published in | Journal of psychosomatic research Vol. 59; no. 2; pp. 73 - 76 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Inc
01.08.2005
New York, NY Elsevier |
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| Abstract | Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.
Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).
Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (
r=.80).
Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women. |
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| AbstractList | Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.OBJECTIVEAlexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations.Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).METHODSTwenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL).Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (r = .80).RESULTSControlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (r = .80).Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women.CONCLUSIONSOur preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women. Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL). Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS ( r=.80). Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women. Objective: Alexithymia & posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) & decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations. Methods: Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients & 23 healthy controls (HC) & tested for N & free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) & the Symptom Check List (SCL). Results: Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD & HC participants nor between women & men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD & HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (r=.80). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity & a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men & women. 2 Tables, 29 References. [Copyright 2005 Elsevier Inc.] Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased cortisol (C) levels, resulting in a high N/C ratio, at least among male alcoholics. We aimed to explore if this association can also be found in other populations. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 12 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) and tested for N and free C. Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Symptom Check List (SCL). Controlling for depression, the neuroendocrine parameters did not differ between the MDD and HC participants nor between women and men. The TAS was not associated with N, C or the N/C ratio in the MDD and HC participants nor in females alone. However, in men, the N/C ratio correlated significantly with the TAS (r = .80). Our preliminary findings indicate that alexithymia is associated with an increased noradrenergic activity and a decreased basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis among men. This gender difference may reflect divergent underlying neurobiological processes of alexithymia in men and women. |
| Author | Nauck, Matthias Brandl, Stephan Rose, Hans-Joachim Freyberger, Harald J. Spitzer, Carsten |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carsten surname: Spitzer fullname: Spitzer, Carsten email: spitzer@uni-greifswald.de organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Rostocker Chaussee 70, Stralsund D-18437, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Stephan surname: Brandl fullname: Brandl, Stephan organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Rostocker Chaussee 70, Stralsund D-18437, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Hans-Joachim surname: Rose fullname: Rose, Hans-Joachim organization: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Matthias surname: Nauck fullname: Nauck, Matthias organization: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Harald J. surname: Freyberger fullname: Freyberger, Harald J. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Rostocker Chaussee 70, Stralsund D-18437, Germany |
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| Keywords | Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol Posttraumatic stress disorder N/C ratio Alexithymia Mood disorder Human Hypothalamohypophysoadrenal axis Steroid hormone Sex Neuroendocrine regulation Depression Daily variation Personality Catecholamine Hydrocortisone Glucocorticoid Sociodemographic factor Adrenal hormone Norepinephrine Comparative study |
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| Snippet | Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) and decreased... Objective: Alexithymia & posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might share a neuroendocrine pattern characterized by increased urinary norepinephrine (N) &... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Affective Symptoms - epidemiology Affective Symptoms - physiopathology Affective Symptoms - urine Alexithymia Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Cortisol Depression Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology Depressive Disorder, Major - urine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hydrocortisone - urine Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood disorders N/C ratio Norepinephrine - urine Personality traits Personality. Affectivity Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Sex Factors Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - urine Urinary norepinephrine and cortisol |
| Title | Gender-specific association of alexithymia and norepinephrine/cortisol ratios. A preliminary report |
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