Structural and Functional Analysis of Human SIRT1

• Published in: Journal of molecular biology Vol. 426; no. 3; pp. 526 - 541
• Main Authors: Davenport, Andrew M., Huber, Ferdinand M., Hoelz, André
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 06.02.2014
• Subjects: Acetylation; Binding Sites; BIO; conformational plasticity; Crystallography, X-Ray; enzyme peptide substrate interaction; enzyme regulation; Humans; Models, Molecular; mutational analysis; NAD - metabolism; Protein Conformation; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; Sirtuin 1 - chemistry; Sirtuin 1 - metabolism; X-ray crystallography; SEC; X-ray crystallography; Sir2; enzyme peptide substrate interaction; enzyme regulation; mutational analysis; MALS; GST; ADPR; SSRL; conformational plasticity; multiangle light scattering; size-exclusion chromatography; adenosine diphosphoribose; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource; silent information regulator 2; glutathione S-transferase
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.009
• ISSN: 0022-2836

SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays important roles in many cellular processes. SIRT1 activity is uniquely controlled by a C-terminal regulatory segment (CTR). Here we present crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human SIRT1 in complex with the CTR in an open apo form and a closed conformation in complex with a cofactor and a pseudo-substrate peptide. The catalytic domain adopts the canonical sirtuin fold. The CTR forms a β hairpin structure that complements the β sheet of the NAD+-binding domain, covering an essentially invariant hydrophobic surface. The apo form adopts a distinct open conformation, in which the smaller subdomain of SIRT1 undergoes a rotation with respect to the larger NAD+-binding subdomain. A biochemical analysis identifies key residues in the active site, an inhibitory role for the CTR, and distinct structural features of the CTR that mediate binding and inhibition of the SIRT1 catalytic domain. [Display omitted] •Crystal structures of the human SIRT1 catalytic domain in complex with its CTR.•Conformational changes upon substrate and cofactor binding elucidated.•Mutagenesis identifies key residues for catalysis and CTR-mediated inhibition.•CTR binding pocket provides opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics.