Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation-follicular

Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF pr...

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Published inBMC infectious diseases Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 364
Main Authors Flueckiger, Rebecca Mann, Giorgi, Emanuele, Cano, Jorge, Abdala, Mariamo, Amiel, Olga Nelson, Baayenda, Gilbert, Bakhtiari, Ana, Batcho, Wilfrid, Bennawi, Kamal Hashim, Dejene, Michael, Elshafie, Balgesa Elkheir, Elvis, Aba Ange, François, Missamou, Goepogui, André, Kalua, Khumbo, Kebede, Biruck, Kiflu, Genet, Masika, Michael P, Massangaie, Marilia, Mpyet, Caleb, Ndjemba, Jean, Ngondi, Jeremiah M, Olobio, Nicholas, Turyaguma, Patrick, Willis, Rebecca, Yeo, Souleymane, Solomon, Anthony W, Pullan, Rachel L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 30.04.2019
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Abstract Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
AbstractList Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation--follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
BACKGROUNDWhilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda.METHODSWe fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable.RESULTSThe estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates.CONCLUSIONWe find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation--follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. Methods We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. Results The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. Conclusion We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk. Keywords: Trachoma, Trichiasis, Blindness, Visual impairment, Neglected tropical disease, Epidemiology, Global trachoma mapping project
Abstract Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. Methods We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. Results The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. Conclusion We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited understanding of the spatial structure of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), the rarer, end-stage, blinding form of disease. Here we use community-level TF prevalence, information on access to water and sanitation, and large-scale environmental and socio-economic indicators to model the spatial variation in community-level TT prevalence in Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda. Methods We fit binomial mixed models, with community-level random effects, separately for each country. In countries where spatial correlation was detected through a semi-variogram diagnostic check we then fitted a geostatistical model to the TT prevalence data including TF prevalence as an explanatory variable. Results The estimated regression relationship between community-level TF and TT was significant in eight countries. We estimate that a 10% increase in community-level TF prevalence leads to an increase in the odds for TT ranging from 20 to 86% when accounting for additional covariates. Conclusion We find evidence of an association between TF and TT in some parts of Africa. However, our results also suggest the presence of additional, country-specific, spatial risk factors which modulate the variation in TT risk.
ArticleNumber 364
Audience Academic
Author Goepogui, André
Kalua, Khumbo
Bakhtiari, Ana
Masika, Michael P
Giorgi, Emanuele
Cano, Jorge
Baayenda, Gilbert
Bennawi, Kamal Hashim
Turyaguma, Patrick
Batcho, Wilfrid
Elshafie, Balgesa Elkheir
Abdala, Mariamo
Pullan, Rachel L
Solomon, Anthony W
Kebede, Biruck
Massangaie, Marilia
Elvis, Aba Ange
Flueckiger, Rebecca Mann
Kiflu, Genet
Ngondi, Jeremiah M
Amiel, Olga Nelson
Mpyet, Caleb
Dejene, Michael
François, Missamou
Willis, Rebecca
Olobio, Nicholas
Yeo, Souleymane
Ndjemba, Jean
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31039737$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Global trachoma mapping project
Trichiasis
Neglected tropical disease
Visual impairment
Blindness
Trachoma
Epidemiology
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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SSID ssj0017829
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Snippet Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the...
Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation--follicular" (TF), there is limited understanding of the...
Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation--follicular" (TF), there is limited...
Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited...
BACKGROUNDWhilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign "trachomatous inflammation-follicular" (TF), there is limited...
Abstract Background Whilst previous work has identified clustering of the active trachoma sign “trachomatous inflammation—follicular” (TF), there is limited...
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SourceType Open Website
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Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 364
SubjectTerms Antibiotics
Blindness
Chlamydia infections
Clustering
Complications and side effects
Diagnostic systems
Disease
Economic indicators
Economic models
Epidemiology
Geostatistics
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Neglected tropical disease
Pathogenesis
Public health
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Sanitation
Spatial distribution
Trachoma
Trichiasis
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Visual impairment
Water resource management
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Title Understanding the spatial distribution of trichiasis and its association with trachomatous inflammation-follicular
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31039737
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2227059836
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2218302352
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6492377
https://doaj.org/article/48766c3543b245019ece3398737cf05d
Volume 19
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