Bateman's Data: Inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles”
A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (VRS) than females; (b) males have greater VNM than females; and (c) a positive relati...
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| Published in | Ecology and evolution Vol. 10; no. 19; pp. 10325 - 10342 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.10.2020
Wiley Open Access John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
| DOI | 10.1002/ece3.6420 |
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| Abstract | A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (VRS) than females; (b) males have greater VNM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between VNM and VRS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and VNM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in VRS; 37 had no sex differences in VNM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between VNM and VRS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.”
Analysis of Bateman's original laboratory note data shows inconsistencies with his original hypotheses. The predictions of the hypotheses came to be known as “Bateman's Principles“. |
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| AbstractList | A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (VRS) than females; (b) males have greater VNM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between VNM and VRS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and VNM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in VRS; 37 had no sex differences in VNM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between VNM and VRS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (VRS) than females; (b) males have greater VNM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between VNM and VRS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and VNM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in VRS; 37 had no sex differences in VNM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between VNM and VRS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” Analysis of Bateman's original laboratory note data shows inconsistencies with his original hypotheses. The predictions of the hypotheses came to be known as “Bateman's Principles“. A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (V NM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (V RS) than females; (b) males have greater V NM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between V NM and V RS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called "Bateman's Principles." Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo-replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and V NM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re-evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in V RS; 37 had no sex differences in V NM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between V NM and V RS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with "Bateman's Principles."A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (V NM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (V RS) than females; (b) males have greater V NM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between V NM and V RS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called "Bateman's Principles." Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo-replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and V NM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re-evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in V RS; 37 had no sex differences in V NM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between V NM and V RS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with "Bateman's Principles." Abstract A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success (VRS) than females; (b) males have greater VNM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between VNM and VRS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is, individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and VNM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in VRS; 37 had no sex differences in VNM. No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between VNM and VRS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( ). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success ( ) than females; (b) males have greater than females; and (c) a positive relationship between and is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called "Bateman's Principles." Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo-replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: , individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re-evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in ; 37 had no sex differences in . No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between and for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with "Bateman's Principles." A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( V NM ). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success ( V RS ) than females; (b) males have greater V NM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between V NM and V RS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is , individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and V NM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in V RS ; 37 had no sex differences in V NM . No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between V NM and V RS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( V NM ). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success ( V RS ) than females; (b) males have greater V NM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between V NM and V RS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is , individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and V NM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in V RS ; 37 had no sex differences in V NM . No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between V NM and V RS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” Analysis of Bateman's original laboratory note data shows inconsistencies with his original hypotheses. The predictions of the hypotheses came to be known as “Bateman's Principles“. A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( V NM ). AJB predicted that (a) males have greater variance in reproductive success ( V RS ) than females; (b) males have greater V NM than females; and (c) a positive relationship between V NM and V RS is stronger among males. AJB used phenotypically observable mutations in offspring to identify parents and to count subjects' NM and RS. AJB's conclusions matched his predictions, later called “Bateman's Principles.” Empirical challenges to his conclusions guided analyses herein. (a) AJB's analysis pseudo‐replicated sample sizes, violating a sexual selection assumption: That is , individuals must be in the same population to choose and compete. (b) AJB's methods overestimated subjects with no mates while underestimating subjects with one or more. (c) A replication (Gowaty et al., 2012) showed that offspring inheriting nametags from both parents often died before expressing adult phenotypes, proving some of AJB's methods produced biased data. Science historian Thierry Hoquet located AJB's archived, handwritten laboratory notes, photocopied, and transcribed them. We tested each of the 65 unique populations for expected combinations in offspring of parental mutations: 41.5% failed Punnett's tests: Offspring carrying nametags simultaneously from both parents were missing showing estimates of parents' NM and V NM were undercounted. 58.5% of populations met Punnett's expectations providing an unparalleled opportunity to re‐evaluate AJB's predictions. 34 unbiased populations had no sex differences in V RS ; 37 had no sex differences in V NM . No sex differences in slopes of RS and NM occurred in any unbiased population. Regressions showed weak, positive, significant associations between V NM and V RS for females and males, contrary to AJB's prediction that the relationship would be positive in males but not in females. AJB's laboratory data are inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles.” |
| Author | Hoquet, Thierry Bridges, William C. Gowaty, Patricia Adair |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Philosophy University Paris Nanterre France 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA – name: 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA – name: 1 Department of Philosophy University Paris Nanterre France |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_bes2_1880 crossref_primary_10_1017_ehs_2023_8 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1009586 crossref_primary_10_1093_biosci_biac013 crossref_primary_10_1017_psa_2023_86 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1086/284700 10.1038/hdy.1948.21 10.1002/ajpa.1330330504 10.1007/978-1-4615-5985-6_13 10.1073/pnas.1207851109 10.4161/fly.23505 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00212.x 10.1080/00224499.2016.1150938 10.1037/0000059-008 10.1093/icb/45.5.821 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01559.x 10.1093/icb/45.5.931 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1445:SOEFDD]2.0.CO;2 10.1073/pnas.0901130106 10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80197-4 10.1086/412491 10.1007/978-94-017-9585-2_6 10.1073/pnas.1209394109 |
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| Copyright | 2020 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License |
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| Keywords | variance in reproductive success Bateman variance in number of mates sex differences sexual selection |
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| References | 1987; 130 1990; 33 2018; 1 1948; 2 1997 1986 2016; 53 1930 1985 2017 2008; 21 2015 2007; 61 1981 2013; 7 1985; 33 2005; 45 2012; 109 2009; 106 e_1_2_10_12_1 e_1_2_10_9_1 e_1_2_10_13_1 e_1_2_10_10_1 e_1_2_10_21_1 e_1_2_10_11_1 Hrdy S. B. (e_1_2_10_15_1) 1986 e_1_2_10_22_1 Hrdy S. B. (e_1_2_10_14_1) 1985 Gowaty P. A. (e_1_2_10_6_1) 2015 Hubbell S. P. (e_1_2_10_17_1) 1987; 130 Tang‐Martínez Z. (e_1_2_10_20_1) 2012; 109 Gowaty P. A. (e_1_2_10_7_1) 2017 Altmann J. (e_1_2_10_2_1) 1997 e_1_2_10_4_1 e_1_2_10_18_1 e_1_2_10_3_1 e_1_2_10_19_1 e_1_2_10_16_1 e_1_2_10_5_1 Gowaty P. A. (e_1_2_10_8_1) 2018 |
| References_xml | – volume: 130 start-page: 91 issue: 1 year: 1987 end-page: 112 article-title: Environmental variance in lifetime mating success, mate choice, and sexual selection publication-title: American Naturalist – start-page: 320 year: 1997 end-page: 333 – volume: 1 start-page: 145 year: 2018 end-page: 164 – year: 1981 – volume: 21 start-page: 1189 issue: 5 year: 2008 end-page: 1200 article-title: Reproductive compensation publication-title: Journal of Evolutionary Biology – year: 1930 – volume: 2 start-page: 349 year: 1948 end-page: 368 article-title: Intra‐sexual selection in publication-title: Heredity – volume: 53 start-page: 532 issue: 4–5 year: 2016 end-page: 559 article-title: Rethinking Bateman's principles: Challenging persistent myths of sexually reluctant females and promiscuous males publication-title: The Journal of Sex Research – volume: 7 start-page: 28 issue: 1 year: 2013 end-page: 38 article-title: Extra view: Mendel's law reveals fatal flaws in Bateman's 1948 study of mating and fitness publication-title: Fly – volume: 45 start-page: 931 issue: 5 year: 2005 end-page: 944 article-title: Chance, time allocation, and the evolution of adaptively flexible sex role behavior publication-title: Integrative and Comparative Biology – volume: 33 start-page: 25 issue: S11 year: 1990 end-page: 37 article-title: Sex bias in nature and in history: A late 1980s reexamination of the “biological origins” argument publication-title: American Journal of Physical Anthropology – start-page: 97 year: 1986 end-page: 147 – volume: 109 start-page: 11476 issue: 29 year: 2012 end-page: 11477 article-title: Repetition of Bateman challenges the paradigm publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – start-page: 131 year: 1985 – year: 2017 – volume: 106 start-page: 10017 year: 2009 end-page: 10024 article-title: Reproductive decisions under ecological constraints: It's about time publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – volume: 33 start-page: 1349 issue: 4 year: 1985 end-page: 1352 article-title: Chance can produce a sex difference in variance in mating success and explain Bateman's data publication-title: Animal Behaviour – volume: 109 start-page: 11740 issue: 29 year: 2012 end-page: 11745 article-title: No evidence of sexual selection in a repetition of Bateman's classic study of publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – volume: 61 start-page: 2457 issue: 11 year: 2007 end-page: 2468 article-title: A reappraisal of Bateman's classic study of intrasexual selection publication-title: Evolution – volume: 45 start-page: 821 issue: 5 year: 2005 end-page: 830 article-title: The problem with paradigms: Bateman's worldview as a case study publication-title: Integrative and Comparative Biology – start-page: 103 year: 2015 end-page: 118 – volume: 130 start-page: 91 issue: 1 year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_10_17_1 article-title: Environmental variance in lifetime mating success, mate choice, and sexual selection publication-title: American Naturalist doi: 10.1086/284700 – ident: e_1_2_10_3_1 doi: 10.1038/hdy.1948.21 – ident: e_1_2_10_16_1 doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330330504 – start-page: 320 volume-title: Feminism and evolutionary biology: Boundaries, intersections and frontiers year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_10_2_1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5985-6_13 – ident: e_1_2_10_11_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1207851109 – ident: e_1_2_10_12_1 doi: 10.4161/fly.23505 – ident: e_1_2_10_18_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00212.x – ident: e_1_2_10_21_1 doi: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1150938 – start-page: 145 volume-title: APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds year: 2018 ident: e_1_2_10_8_1 doi: 10.1037/0000059-008 – ident: e_1_2_10_22_1 doi: 10.1093/icb/45.5.821 – ident: e_1_2_10_5_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01559.x – start-page: 97 volume-title: Child abuse and neglect: Biosocial dimensions year: 1986 ident: e_1_2_10_15_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_9_1 doi: 10.1093/icb/45.5.931 – ident: e_1_2_10_4_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1445:SOEFDD]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_10_10_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901130106 – volume-title: International encyclopedia of anthropology year: 2017 ident: e_1_2_10_7_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_19_1 doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80197-4 – ident: e_1_2_10_13_1 doi: 10.1086/412491 – start-page: 131 volume-title: Feminist approaches to science year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_10_14_1 – start-page: 103 volume-title: Current Perspectives on Sexual Selection: What's left after Darwin year: 2015 ident: e_1_2_10_6_1 doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9585-2_6 – volume: 109 start-page: 11476 issue: 29 year: 2012 ident: e_1_2_10_20_1 article-title: Repetition of Bateman challenges the paradigm publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209394109 |
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| Snippet | A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB predicted that... A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( V NM ). AJB predicted... A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( ). AJB predicted that (a)... A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (V NM). AJB predicted that... A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates ( V NM ). AJB predicted... Abstract A.J. Bateman (1948) hypothesized that a metric of sexual selection is in sex differences of intrasexual variance in number of mates (VNM). AJB... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal reproduction Bateman Breeding success Empirical analysis Estimates Females Fertility Gender aspects Gender differences Handwriting Humanities and Social Sciences Hypotheses Laboratories Males Mutation Offspring Original Research Parents & parenting Phenotypes Population Populations Predictions Principles Regression analysis Reproduction Sex Sex differences Sexual selection Success variance in number of mates variance in reproductive success |
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| Title | Bateman's Data: Inconsistent with “Bateman's Principles” |
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