Pharmacokinetic Characterisation and Comparison of Bioavailability of Intranasal Fentanyl, Transmucosal, and Intravenous Administration through a Three-Way Crossover Study in 24 Healthy Volunteers

• Published in: Pain Research and Management Vol. 2021; pp. 2887773 - 11
• Main Authors: Nardi-Hiebl, S., Ndieyira, J. W., Al Enzi, Y., Al Akkad, W., Koch, T., Geldner, G., Reyher, C., Eberhart, L. H. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 2021; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Mucosal; Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Area Under Curve; Bioavailability; Biological Availability; Central nervous system depressants; Cross-Over Studies; Drug dosages; Fentanyl; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Intensive care; Medical laboratories; Narcotics; Nose; Pain management; Patients; Pharmacokinetics; Sufentanil; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Volunteers; Women; United Kingdom; Germany

Background. For more than 60 years, the synthetic opioid fentanyl has been widely used in anaesthesia and analgesia. While the intravenous formulation is primarily used for general anaesthesia and intensive care settings, the drug’s high lipophilic properties also allow various noninvasive routes of...