The chitinases expression is related to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE) and in HIV encephalitis (HIVE)

•CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in HIVE/SIVE hippocampus.•Negative correlation was found between CHIA, C1s vs BVL and positive correlation between CHIT1 vs CHI3L2, SLC11A1 and CHI3L2 vs CHID1 and CHID1 vs SLC11A1.•Chitinase are potential biomarkers for microglial a...

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Published inVirus research Vol. 227; pp. 220 - 230
Main Authors Sanfilippo, C., Nunnari, G., Calcagno, A., Malaguarnera, L., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Di Rosa, M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 02.01.2017
Subjects
chitinase
Chitinases
data collection
encephalitis
gene expression
gene regulatory networks
genes
Hippocampus
histopathology
HIV infections
HIV-1
HIVE
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
humans
Infectious Medicine
Infektionsmedicin
innate immunity
Lentivirus
Macaca mulatta
microarray technology
Neurosciences
Neurovetenskaper
Retroviridae
Simian immunodeficiency virus
SIVE
viral load
HIV-1
SIV
RRAD
CNS
LDLRAD4
HAND
HIVE
ADAMTS2
CSF
MDM
HOMER3
CHI3L1, BRP-39
MeV
CHID1
CHIA
SIVE
C1s
ARHGEF15
SMOX
SLC11A1
MS
APOC4
EAE
AIDS
Chitinases
HAD
PTK2
ES
DCBLD2
GIANT
CHIT1
P2RX6
CHI3L2
PMP22
MT1B
TRIM10
Hippocampus
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Abstract •CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in HIVE/SIVE hippocampus.•Negative correlation was found between CHIA, C1s vs BVL and positive correlation between CHIT1 vs CHI3L2, SLC11A1 and CHI3L2 vs CHID1 and CHID1 vs SLC11A1.•Chitinase are potential biomarkers for microglial activation in HIVE/SIVE. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
AbstractList Objectives Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. Methods We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. Results CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. Conclusions These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
Objectives Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. Methods We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. Results CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. Conclusions These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
•CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in HIVE/SIVE hippocampus.•Negative correlation was found between CHIA, C1s vs BVL and positive correlation between CHIT1 vs CHI3L2, SLC11A1 and CHI3L2 vs CHID1 and CHID1 vs SLC11A1.•Chitinase are potential biomarkers for microglial activation in HIVE/SIVE. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
OBJECTIVESHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases.METHODSWe analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network.RESULTSCHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases.We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network.CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages.These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis.
Author Blennow, K.
Di Rosa, M.
Malaguarnera, L.
Zetterberg, H.
Nunnari, G.
Sanfilippo, C.
Calcagno, A.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Sanfilippo
  fullname: Sanfilippo, C.
  organization: Section of Neurosciences, Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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  surname: Nunnari
  fullname: Nunnari, G.
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  fullname: Calcagno, A.
  organization: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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  surname: Malaguarnera
  fullname: Malaguarnera, L.
  organization: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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  surname: Zetterberg
  fullname: Zetterberg, H.
  organization: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
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  surname: Di Rosa
  fullname: Di Rosa, M.
  email: mdirosa@unict.it
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Keywords HIV-1
SIV
RRAD
CNS
LDLRAD4
HAND
HIVE
ADAMTS2
CSF
MDM
HOMER3
CHI3L1, BRP-39
MeV
CHID1
CHIA
SIVE
C1s
ARHGEF15
SMOX
SLC11A1
MS
APOC4
EAE
AIDS
Chitinases
HAD
PTK2
ES
DCBLD2
GIANT
CHIT1
P2RX6
CHI3L2
PMP22
MT1B
TRIM10
Hippocampus
Language English
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Snippet •CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in HIVE/SIVE hippocampus.•Negative correlation was found between CHIA, C1s vs BVL and...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase...
OBJECTIVESHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The...
Objectives Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)....
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SubjectTerms chitinase
Chitinases
data collection
encephalitis
gene expression
gene regulatory networks
genes
Hippocampus
histopathology
HIV infections
HIV-1
HIVE
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
humans
Infectious Medicine
Infektionsmedicin
innate immunity
Lentivirus
Macaca mulatta
microarray technology
Neurosciences
Neurovetenskaper
Retroviridae
Simian immunodeficiency virus
SIVE
viral load
Title The chitinases expression is related to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE) and in HIV encephalitis (HIVE)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27794455
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1835681048
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1850776781
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000177164
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/248220
Volume 227
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