Palladium Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulation Enhance the Biogenesis and Release of Exosome in Human Leukemia Monocytic Cells (THP-1)

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine Vol. 16; pp. 2849 - 2877
• Main Authors: Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi, Kang, Min-Hee, Jeyaraj, Muniyandi, Kim, Jin-Hoi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2021; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Acetylcysteine - pharmacology; Analysis; Aniline Compounds - pharmacology; Antioxidants - metabolism; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Benzylidene Compounds - pharmacology; biogenesis; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Biosynthesis; Cancer therapies; Caspases - metabolism; Cell culture; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chemotherapy; Cytokines - metabolism; DNA Damage; Endoplasmic reticulum; endoplasmic reticulum stress; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects; Enzyme Activation - drug effects; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; exosomes; Exosomes - metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic - drug effects; human leukemia monocytic cells; Humans; Immunomodulation - drug effects; Leukemia; Leukemia - blood; Leukemia - pathology; Lipids; Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity; Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - pathology; Neoplasm Proteins - genetics; Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism; Original Research; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Palladium; Palladium - toxicity; palladium nanoparticles; Particle Size; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase - metabolism; THP-1 Cells; United States > US; palladium nanoparticles; biogenesis; human leukemia monocytic cells; exosomes; endoplasmic reticulum stress; oxidative stress

Exosomes are endosome-derived nano-sized vesicles that have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and play significant roles in various diseases. However, their applications are rigorously restricted by the limited secretion competence of cells. Therefore, strategies to enhan...