Numerical simulation of local temperature distortions during ice nucleation of cells in suspension
Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-c...
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| Published in | International journal of heat and mass transfer Vol. 51; no. 23; pp. 5655 - 5661 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2008
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-cellular space and is accompanied by the exothermic release of the latent heat. This is a dynamic process and causes thermal distortions in and around the cell where nucleation occurs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to numerically determine the magnitude of thermal distortion (Δ
T) and the time (d
t) it takes for this distortion to damp out to the local temperature. A two-dimensional computational model is presented in which the maximum thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 50
μm, nucleating at −5
°C while being cooled at 5
°C/min; denoted as Scenario 1) and the lowest-possible thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 5
μm, nucleating at −20
°C while being cooled at 100
°C/min; denoted as Scenario 2) are determined. Extensive computations have been performed assuming either the presence of a single, dual, or four cells in suspension. It is expected that these representative results would serve the purpose of estimating an effective sampling rate of microscale thermocouples currently being fabricated and of other biomedical devices used to measure intracellular ice formation. |
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| AbstractList | Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-cellular space and is accompanied by the exothermic release of the latent heat. This is a dynamic process and causes thermal distortions in and around the cell where nucleation occurs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to numerically determine the magnitude of thermal distortion (Δ
T) and the time (d
t) it takes for this distortion to damp out to the local temperature. A two-dimensional computational model is presented in which the maximum thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 50
μm, nucleating at −5
°C while being cooled at 5
°C/min; denoted as Scenario 1) and the lowest-possible thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 5
μm, nucleating at −20
°C while being cooled at 100
°C/min; denoted as Scenario 2) are determined. Extensive computations have been performed assuming either the presence of a single, dual, or four cells in suspension. It is expected that these representative results would serve the purpose of estimating an effective sampling rate of microscale thermocouples currently being fabricated and of other biomedical devices used to measure intracellular ice formation. Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-cellular space and is accompanied by the exothermic release of the latent heat. This is a dynamic process and causes thermal distortions in and around the cell where nucleation occurs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to numerically determine the magnitude of thermal distortion (DeltaT) and the time (dt) it takes for this distortion to damp out to the local temperature. A two-dimensional computational model is presented in which the maximum thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 50 mum, nucleating at -5 deg C while being cooled at 5 deg C/min; denoted as Scenario 1) and the lowest-possible thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 5 mum, nucleating at -20 deg C while being cooled at 100 deg C/min; denoted as Scenario 2) are determined. Extensive computations have been performed assuming either the presence of a single, dual, or four cells in suspension. It is expected that these representative results would serve the purpose of estimating an effective sampling rate of microscale thermocouples currently being fabricated and of other biomedical devices used to measure intracellular ice formation. Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-cellular space and is accompanied by the exothermic release of the latent heat. This is a dynamic process and causes thermal distortions in and around the cell where nucleation occurs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to numerically determine the magnitude of thermal distortion (ΔT) and the time (dt) it takes for this distortion to damp out to the local temperature. A two-dimensional computational model is presented in which the maximum thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 50 μm, nucleating at -5 °C while being cooled at 5 °C/min; denoted as Scenario 1) and the lowest-possible thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 5 μm, nucleating at -20 °C while being cooled at 100 °C/min; denoted as Scenario 2) are determined. Extensive computations have been performed assuming either the presence of a single, dual, or four cells in suspension. It is expected that these representative results would serve the purpose of estimating an effective sampling rate of microscale thermocouples currently being fabricated and of other biomedical devices used to measure intracellular ice formation. Knowledge of intercellular ice formation in cells embedded in an extra-cellular suspension is essential for effective design of freezing protocols. The presence of cell membrane causes super-cooling of the intra-cellular region, which nucleates at much lower temperatures than the surrounding extra-cellular space and is accompanied by the exothermic release of the latent heat. This is a dynamic process and causes thermal distortions in and around the cell where nucleation occurs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to numerically determine the magnitude of thermal distortion (Δ T ) and the time ( dt ) it takes for this distortion to damp out to the local temperature. A two-dimensional computational model is presented in which the maximum thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 50 μm, nucleating at −5 °C while being cooled at 5 °C/min; denoted as Scenario 1) and the lowest-possible thermal distortions (with an assumed cell diameter of 5 μm, nucleating at −20 °C while being cooled at 100 °C/min; denoted as Scenario 2) are determined. Extensive computations have been performed assuming either the presence of a single, dual, or four cells in suspension. It is expected that these representative results would serve the purpose of estimating an effective sampling rate of microscale thermocouples currently being fabricated and of other biomedical devices used to measure intracellular ice formation. |
| Author | Devireddy, R.V. Kandra, D. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1557/PROC-845-AA5.25 10.1002/aic.690381004 10.1002/mrd.20041 10.1021/ie50510a031 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90042-5 10.1007/BF01655817 10.1115/1.2834304 10.1002/aic.690450321 10.1006/cryo.1999.2161 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970301)79:5<963::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-0 10.1093/humupd/2.3.193 10.1115/1.2911357 10.2174/1874070700701010001 10.1063/1.345670 10.1063/1.1747055 10.1056/NEJM196304042681401 10.1098/rspb.1988.0053 10.1115/IMECE2006-15247 10.1115/1.1445134 10.1115/1.1865193 10.1006/cryo.1993.1049 10.1115/1.2911885 10.1115/1.2796091 10.1016/0011-2240(88)90022-3 10.1115/IMECE2004-60920 10.1115/1.2834745 |
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| Keywords | Latent heat Ice nucleation Fourier heat conduction Apparent heat capacity |
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| Title | Numerical simulation of local temperature distortions during ice nucleation of cells in suspension |
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