Nitrates in combination with hydralazine in cardiorenal syndrome: a randomized controlled proof‐of‐concept study

Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and f...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inESC Heart Failure Vol. 7; no. 6; pp. 4267 - 4276
Main Authors Lim, Shir Lynn, Gandhi, Mihir, Woo, Kai Lee, Chua, Horng Ruey, Lim, Yoke Ching, Sim, David K.L., Lee, Sheldon S.G., Teoh, Yee Leong, Richards, Arthur Mark, Lam, Carolyn S.P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H‐ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS. Methods and results This multi‐centre, single‐blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health‐related quality of life using Short Form‐36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty‐four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter‐quartile range) N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481–2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H‐ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H‐ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, −12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H‐ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less. Conclusions Our pilot study does not support the addition of H‐ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
AbstractList AIMSCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H-ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS. METHODS AND RESULTSThis multi-centre, single-blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health-related quality of life using Short Form-36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty-four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter-quartile range) N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481-2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H-ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H-ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, -12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H-ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less. CONCLUSIONSOur pilot study does not support the addition of H-ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H-ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS. This multi-centre, single-blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m ]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health-related quality of life using Short Form-36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty-four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter-quartile range) N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481-2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m ) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H-ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H-ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, -12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H-ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less. Our pilot study does not support the addition of H-ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
Abstract Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H‐ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS. Methods and results This multi‐centre, single‐blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health‐related quality of life using Short Form‐36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty‐four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter‐quartile range) N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481–2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H‐ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H‐ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, −12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H‐ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less. Conclusions Our pilot study does not support the addition of H‐ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
AimsCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H‐ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS.Methods and resultsThis multi‐centre, single‐blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health‐related quality of life using Short Form‐36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty‐four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter‐quartile range) N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481–2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H‐ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H‐ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, −12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H‐ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less.ConclusionsOur pilot study does not support the addition of H‐ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may improve exercise capacity in heart failure (HF). Our proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate early evidence of efficacy, safety, and feasibility of H‐ISDN compared with standard of care in CRS. Methods and results This multi‐centre, single‐blind, randomized trial in Singapore enrolled CRS patients, defined as chronic HF with concomitant renal failure [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2]. The primary outcome was 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included study feasibility; efficacy outcomes which included renal, cardiac, and endothelial functions, health‐related quality of life using Short Form‐36, clinical outcomes; and adverse events. Forty‐four patients [71 ± 10 years; 75% male; median (inter‐quartile range) N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide 1346 (481–2272) pg/mL] with CRS (left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 12% and eGFR 46 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2) were randomized into two equal groups. Of these, 39 (89%) had hypertension, 27 (61%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (39%) had atrial fibrillation. Six (27%) discontinued H‐ISDN owing to intolerance and poor compliance. There was a trend towards improved 6MWT distance with H‐ISDN compared with standard of care at 6 months (mean difference 27 m; 95% CI, −12 to 66), with little differences in secondary efficacy outcomes. Giddiness and hypotension occurred more frequently with H‐ISDN, but HF hospitalizations and mortality were less. Conclusions Our pilot study does not support the addition of H‐ISDN on top of standard medical therapy to improve exercise capacity in patients with CRS.
Author Lim, Shir Lynn
Lim, Yoke Ching
Lee, Sheldon S.G.
Sim, David K.L.
Lam, Carolyn S.P.
Teoh, Yee Leong
Woo, Kai Lee
Chua, Horng Ruey
Richards, Arthur Mark
Gandhi, Mihir
AuthorAffiliation 7 Department of Cardiology Changi General Hospital Singapore
11 Christchurch Heart Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
8 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore
3 Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore
4 Global Health Group, Center for Child Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland
9 Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Singapore
1 Department of Cardiology National University Heart Center 1E Kent Ridge Road 119228 Singapore
5 Division of Nephrology National University Hospital Singapore
10 Cardiovascular Research Institute National University Heart Center Singapore
2 Singapore Clinical Research Institute Singapore
6 Department of Cardiology National Heart Center Singapore
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 8 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore
– name: 1 Department of Cardiology National University Heart Center 1E Kent Ridge Road 119228 Singapore
– name: 11 Christchurch Heart Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
– name: 5 Division of Nephrology National University Hospital Singapore
– name: 6 Department of Cardiology National Heart Center Singapore
– name: 10 Cardiovascular Research Institute National University Heart Center Singapore
– name: 3 Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore
– name: 9 Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Singapore
– name: 4 Global Health Group, Center for Child Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland
– name: 2 Singapore Clinical Research Institute Singapore
– name: 7 Department of Cardiology Changi General Hospital Singapore
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shir Lynn
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1151-2357
  surname: Lim
  fullname: Lim, Shir Lynn
  email: shir_lynn_lim@nuhs.edu.sg
  organization: National University Heart Center
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mihir
  surname: Gandhi
  fullname: Gandhi, Mihir
  organization: Tampere University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kai Lee
  surname: Woo
  fullname: Woo, Kai Lee
  organization: National University Heart Center
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Horng Ruey
  surname: Chua
  fullname: Chua, Horng Ruey
  organization: National University Hospital
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yoke Ching
  surname: Lim
  fullname: Lim, Yoke Ching
  organization: National University Heart Center
– sequence: 6
  givenname: David K.L.
  surname: Sim
  fullname: Sim, David K.L.
  organization: National Heart Center
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Sheldon S.G.
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Sheldon S.G.
  organization: Changi General Hospital
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Yee Leong
  surname: Teoh
  fullname: Teoh, Yee Leong
  organization: National University of Singapore
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Arthur Mark
  surname: Richards
  fullname: Richards, Arthur Mark
  organization: University of Otago
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Carolyn S.P.
  surname: Lam
  fullname: Lam, Carolyn S.P.
  organization: National Heart Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150715$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9ks1O3DAQgKOKqlDKpQ9QReqlQlrq3zjpAalCUJBQe2nP1iQes14l9tZOisKpj8Az9klqdimCHrjYo5lPnz32vC52fPBYFG8pOaKEsI-4tOyIcqKqF8UeI1IuZM3YzqN4tzhIaUUIobKikolXxS7nVBJF5V4xfnVjhBFT6XzZhaF1HkYXfHntxmW5nE2EHm6cx00donEhooe-TLM3MQz4qYQygjdhcDdossKPMfR9DtcxBPvn9-1myfkO12OZxsnMb4qXFvqEB_f7fvHj7PT7yfni8tuXi5PPl4tOClYt0DLFqbAd2rrlsgVQLGcYCJCSCxREtNwQ28ha2UYIbFRFWgltY02ncm2_uNh6TYCVXkc3QJx1AKc3iRCvNMTRdT3qrubCqrbmUBshuGq4bW2Vk9LkA1vMruOtaz21A5oOc5_QP5E-rXi31Ffhl1ZKiqYWWfDhXhDDzwnTqAeXOux78BimpJmQqlGkrllG3_-HrsIU86tnqmI1kYQx8SwlFM3fS4nM1OGW6mJIKaJ9uDIl-m6C9N0E6c0EZfjd4yYf0H_zkgG6Ba5dj_MzKn16fsa20r-TL9Tr
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2023_176176
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40256_024_00641_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm11082243
Cites_doi 10.1056/NEJM199108013250502
10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00264-6
10.1161/JAHA.116.004262
10.1172/JCI118935
10.1056/NEJMoa042934
10.1161/JAHA.119.012199
10.1067/mje.2002.120202
10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886473
10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.106
10.1080/00365510802150158
10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
10.1056/NEJM198606123142404
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.06.041
10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00039-4
10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
10.1093/eurheartj/ehp261
10.1371/journal.pone.0090217
10.1056/NEJMoa1510774
10.1097/01823246-201223030-00002
10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006
10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
10.1056/NEJMoa1409077
10.1056/NEJMoa1504720
10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003534
10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00313.x
10.1177/1741826711398179
10.1159/000452283
10.1016/0735-1097(95)00368-1
10.1186/s12933-019-0903-4
10.1086/422603
10.1161/JAHA.113.000214
10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.03.026
10.1016/j.jchf.2018.02.004
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032038
10.1016/0002-9149(77)90199-0
10.5603/CJ.a2015.0042
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.011
10.1161/01.CIR.89.4.1609
10.1016/j.jash.2011.11.003
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology
2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology
– notice: 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
– notice: 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID 24P
WIN
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7X7
7XB
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1002/ehf2.13076
DatabaseName Wiley Open Access
Wiley Online Library Open Access
PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
Health Research Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed

Publicly Available Content Database
Publicly Available Content Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 24P
  name: Wiley Open Access
  url: https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/browse-journals.html
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: 7X7
  name: Health & Medical Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
DocumentTitleAlternate Nitrates with hydralazine in cardiorenal syndrome
EISSN 2055-5822
EndPage 4276
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c834f7b83a8d443793fbf68345d32abe
10_1002_ehf2_13076
33150715
EHF213076
Genre article
Journal Article
GeographicLocations Singapore
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Singapore
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National University Health System
  funderid: NUHSRO/2014/117/CRG/03
– fundername: National University Health System
  grantid: NUHSRO/2014/117/CRG/03
– fundername: ;
  grantid: NUHSRO/2014/117/CRG/03
GroupedDBID 0R~
1OC
24P
53G
5VS
7X7
8FI
8FJ
AAHHS
ABUWG
ACCFJ
ACXQS
ADBBV
ADKYN
ADZMN
ADZOD
AEEZP
AEQDE
AFKRA
AIWBW
AJBDE
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALUQN
AOIJS
AVUZU
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
DIK
EBS
EJD
EMOBN
FYUFA
GODZA
GROUPED_DOAJ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
INH
KQ8
M~E
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
RPM
UKHRP
WIN
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
ITC
3V.
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c5426-ef27314fcef8b35baa722732a4a5534e404b3d0f9587f944e9760b5ab9fdc74b3
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 2055-5822
IngestDate Tue Oct 22 15:11:53 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:06:06 EDT 2024
Fri Jun 28 04:31:32 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 19:42:38 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 17:07:08 EDT 2024
Fri Dec 06 05:12:57 EST 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:34:24 EDT 2024
Sat Aug 24 01:05:52 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Keywords Cardiorenal syndrome
Isosorbide dinitrate
Endothelial function
Exercise capacity
Hydralazine
Language English
License Attribution-NonCommercial
2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5426-ef27314fcef8b35baa722732a4a5534e404b3d0f9587f944e9760b5ab9fdc74b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02343393.
This study was conducted in National University Hospital, National Heart Center, and Changi General Hospital.
Trial funding: National University Health System Clinician Research Grant.
All the authors reviewed and approved the manuscript and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the data and fidelity of this report to the study protocol.
ORCID 0000-0002-1151-2357
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7754984/
PMID 33150715
PQID 2471715105
PQPubID 4368362
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c834f7b83a8d443793fbf68345d32abe
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7754984
proquest_miscellaneous_2457970882
proquest_journals_2628050224
proquest_journals_2471715105
crossref_primary_10_1002_ehf2_13076
pubmed_primary_33150715
wiley_primary_10_1002_ehf2_13076_EHF213076
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate December 2020
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2020
  text: December 2020
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
– name: Oxford
– name: Hoboken
PublicationTitle ESC Heart Failure
PublicationTitleAlternate ESC Heart Fail
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Publisher_xml – name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
– name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
– name: Wiley
References 2010; 56
2017; 6
2017; 7
2002; 15
1986; 314
2000; 28
2013; 2
2010; 121
1994; 89
2005; 338
1977; 40
2019; 18
2009; 150
1993
2014; 371
2019; 380
2016; 37
2017; 136
2011; 18
2008; 241
2019; 381
1996; 98
2018; 6
2004; 351
2009; 30
2007; 116
2004; 190
1995; 26
2017; 10
2002; 166
2015; 22
2018; 137
2020; 9
2015; 373
2010; 212
1997; 34
2015; 154
2012; 6
2014; 9
1991; 325
2012; 23
e_1_2_8_28_1
e_1_2_8_29_1
e_1_2_8_25_1
e_1_2_8_26_1
e_1_2_8_27_1
e_1_2_8_3_1
Yancy Clyde W (e_1_2_8_8_1) 2017; 136
e_1_2_8_2_1
e_1_2_8_5_1
e_1_2_8_4_1
e_1_2_8_7_1
e_1_2_8_6_1
e_1_2_8_20_1
e_1_2_8_43_1
e_1_2_8_21_1
e_1_2_8_42_1
e_1_2_8_22_1
Ware JESK (e_1_2_8_24_1) 1993
e_1_2_8_23_1
Lim Shir L (e_1_2_8_9_1) 2017; 10
e_1_2_8_41_1
e_1_2_8_40_1
e_1_2_8_17_1
e_1_2_8_18_1
e_1_2_8_39_1
e_1_2_8_19_1
e_1_2_8_13_1
e_1_2_8_36_1
e_1_2_8_14_1
e_1_2_8_35_1
e_1_2_8_15_1
e_1_2_8_38_1
e_1_2_8_16_1
e_1_2_8_37_1
e_1_2_8_32_1
e_1_2_8_10_1
e_1_2_8_31_1
e_1_2_8_11_1
e_1_2_8_34_1
e_1_2_8_12_1
e_1_2_8_33_1
e_1_2_8_30_1
References_xml – volume: 166
  start-page: 111
  year: 2002
  end-page: 117
  article-title: ATS statement: guidelines for the six‐minute walk test
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
– volume: 121
  start-page: 2592
  year: 2010
  end-page: 2600
  article-title: Cardiorenal syndrome: new perspectives
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 56
  start-page: 486
  year: 2010
  end-page: 495
  article-title: Comparative performance of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equations for estimating GFR levels above 60 mL/min/1.73 m
  publication-title: Am J Kidney Dis
– volume: 241
  start-page: 89
  year: 2008
  end-page: 94
  article-title: Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL): a new marker of kidney disease
  publication-title: Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl
– volume: 37
  start-page: 2129
  year: 2016
  end-page: 2200
  article-title: 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC
  publication-title: Eur Heart J
– volume: 137
  start-page: 323
  year: 2018
  end-page: 334
  article-title: Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study)
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 381
  start-page: 1995
  year: 2019
  end-page: 2008
  article-title: Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1465
  year: 1996
  end-page: 1470
  article-title: Hydralazine prevents nitroglycerin tolerance by inhibiting activation of a membrane‐bound NADH oxidase. A new action for an old drug
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
– volume: 380
  start-page: 347
  year: 2019
  end-page: 357
  article-title: Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 2
  year: 2013
  article-title: Use of hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate combination in African American and other race/ethnic group patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
  publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc
– volume: 314
  start-page: 1547
  year: 1986
  end-page: 1552
  article-title: Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 373
  start-page: 2314
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2324
  article-title: Isosorbide mononitrate in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 18
  start-page: 775
  year: 2011
  end-page: 789
  article-title: Methods for evaluating endothelial function: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Peripheral Circulation
  publication-title: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil
– volume: 10
  year: 2017
  article-title: Association between use of long‐acting nitrates and outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  publication-title: Circ Heart Fail
– volume: 9
  year: 2020
  article-title: Regional variation of mortality in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction across Asia: outcomes in the ASIAN‐HF Registry
  publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc
– volume: 212
  start-page: 512
  year: 2010
  end-page: 515
  article-title: Levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine are predictive of brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation 6 years later. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
  publication-title: Atherosclerosis
– volume: 351
  start-page: 2049
  year: 2004
  end-page: 2057
  article-title: Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 325
  start-page: 303
  year: 1991
  end-page: 310
  article-title: A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1367
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1373
  article-title: Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1609
  year: 1994
  end-page: 1614
  article-title: Enhancement of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation by low‐dose nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 34
  start-page: 255
  year: 1997
  end-page: 265
  article-title: Willebrand factor: a marker of endothelial dysfunction in vascular disorders?
  publication-title: Cardiovasc Res
– volume: 154
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 12
  article-title: Pathogenesis and treatment of the cardiorenal syndrome: Implications of ‐arginine–nitric oxide pathway impairment
  publication-title: Pharmacol Ther
– volume: 338
  start-page: 1865
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1874
  article-title: Hydralazine is a powerful inhibitor of peroxynitrite formation as a possible explanation for its beneficial effects on prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure
  publication-title: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
– volume: 150
  start-page: 604
  year: 2009
  end-page: 612
  article-title: A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate
  publication-title: Ann Intern Med
– volume: 371
  start-page: 993
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1004
  article-title: Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 373
  start-page: 2117
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2128
  article-title: Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 6
  start-page: 85
  year: 2012
  end-page: 99
  article-title: Cellular biomarkers of endothelial health: microparticles, endothelial progenitor cells, and circulating endothelial cells
  publication-title: J Am Soc Hypertens
– volume: 6
  year: 2017
  article-title: Isosorbide dinitrate, with or without hydralazine, does not reduce wave reflections, left ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc
– volume: 23
  start-page: 5
  year: 2012
  end-page: 15
  article-title: Triangulating clinically meaningful change in the six‐minute walk test in individuals with chronic heart failure: a systematic review
  publication-title: Cardiopulm Phys Ther J
– volume: 40
  start-page: 794
  year: 1977
  end-page: 801
  article-title: Hemodynamic advantage of combined administration of hydralazine orally and nitrates nonparenterally in the vasodilator therapy of chronic heart failure
  publication-title: Am J Cardiol
– volume: 190
  start-page: 666
  year: 2004
  end-page: 674
  article-title: Some design issues in trials of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 6
  start-page: 489
  year: 2018
  end-page: 498
  article-title: Renal effects and associated outcomes during angiotensin‐neprilysin inhibition in heart failure
  publication-title: JACC Heart Fail
– volume: 136
  start-page: e137
  year: 2017
  end-page: e161
  article-title: 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America
  publication-title: Circulation
– volume: 30
  start-page: 2346
  year: 2009
  end-page: 2353
  article-title: Growth‐differentiation factor‐15 is an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly: results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) Study
  publication-title: Eur Heart J
– volume: 15
  start-page: 167
  year: 2002
  end-page: 184
  article-title: Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography
  publication-title: J Am Soc Echocardiogr
– year: 1993
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1575
  year: 1995
  end-page: 1580
  article-title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of nitrates with concomitant use of hydralazine in patients with chronic heart failure
  publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol
– volume: 9
  year: 2014
  article-title: Angiotensin II receptor blockers improve peripheral endothelial function: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 28
  start-page: 505
  year: 2000
  end-page: 513
  article-title: Measurement of F2‐isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo
  publication-title: Free Radic Biol Med
– volume: 7
  start-page: 104
  year: 2017
  end-page: 117
  article-title: The central role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome
  publication-title: Cardiorenal Med
– volume: 18
  start-page: 99
  year: 2019
  end-page: 99
  article-title: Class effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes
  publication-title: Cardiovasc Diabetol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 708
  year: 2015
  end-page: 716
  article-title: Influence of beta‐blockers on endothelial function: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Cardiol J
– ident: e_1_2_8_6_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM199108013250502
– ident: e_1_2_8_16_1
  doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00264-6
– ident: e_1_2_8_11_1
  doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004262
– ident: e_1_2_8_32_1
  doi: 10.1172/JCI118935
– ident: e_1_2_8_5_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042934
– ident: e_1_2_8_2_1
  doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012199
– ident: e_1_2_8_20_1
  doi: 10.1067/mje.2002.120202
– ident: e_1_2_8_42_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
– ident: e_1_2_8_4_1
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886473
– ident: e_1_2_8_30_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.106
– ident: e_1_2_8_23_1
  doi: 10.1080/00365510802150158
– ident: e_1_2_8_12_1
  doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
– ident: e_1_2_8_7_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM198606123142404
– ident: e_1_2_8_15_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.06.041
– ident: e_1_2_8_18_1
  doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00039-4
– ident: e_1_2_8_40_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
– ident: e_1_2_8_17_1
  doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp261
– ident: e_1_2_8_36_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090217
– ident: e_1_2_8_10_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510774
– volume-title: SF‐36 Health Survey. Manual and Interpretation Guide
  year: 1993
  ident: e_1_2_8_24_1
  contributor:
    fullname: Ware JESK
– ident: e_1_2_8_25_1
  doi: 10.1097/01823246-201223030-00002
– ident: e_1_2_8_22_1
  doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006
– ident: e_1_2_8_3_1
  doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
– ident: e_1_2_8_37_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077
– ident: e_1_2_8_39_1
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720
– volume: 10
  start-page: e003534
  year: 2017
  ident: e_1_2_8_9_1
  article-title: Association between use of long‐acting nitrates and outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  publication-title: Circ Heart Fail
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003534
  contributor:
    fullname: Lim Shir L
– ident: e_1_2_8_14_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00313.x
– ident: e_1_2_8_13_1
  doi: 10.1177/1741826711398179
– ident: e_1_2_8_28_1
  doi: 10.1159/000452283
– ident: e_1_2_8_31_1
  doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00368-1
– ident: e_1_2_8_43_1
  doi: 10.1186/s12933-019-0903-4
– ident: e_1_2_8_26_1
  doi: 10.1086/422603
– ident: e_1_2_8_34_1
  doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000214
– volume: 136
  start-page: e137
  year: 2017
  ident: e_1_2_8_8_1
  article-title: 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America
  publication-title: Circulation
  contributor:
    fullname: Yancy Clyde W
– ident: e_1_2_8_21_1
  doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.03.026
– ident: e_1_2_8_38_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.02.004
– ident: e_1_2_8_41_1
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032038
– ident: e_1_2_8_33_1
  doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(77)90199-0
– ident: e_1_2_8_35_1
  doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2015.0042
– ident: e_1_2_8_27_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.011
– ident: e_1_2_8_29_1
  doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.89.4.1609
– ident: e_1_2_8_19_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.11.003
SSID ssj0001561524
Score 2.2088664
Snippet Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure...
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) may be used in renal failure and may...
AimsCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal failure and...
AIMSCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) may be used in renal failure and...
Abstract Aims Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common problem of great morbidity and mortality. Hydralazine–isosorbide dinitrate (H‐ISDN) may be used in renal...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
pubmed
wiley
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 4267
SubjectTerms Bioavailability
Biomarkers
Cardiorenal syndrome
Clinical outcomes
Drug dosages
Ejection fraction
Endothelial function
Enzymes
Exercise capacity
Heart failure
Hydralazine
ISDN
Isosorbide dinitrate
Mortality
Nitrates
Original
Original s
Pulmonary arteries
Ultrasonic imaging
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NbtQwELZQD4gL4p9AQUZwQoqa9c_a4QaoqxVSe6JSb5Yde7QrQbZqtwc48Qg8I0_CzCS72hUVXLhEkSdynPE489me-SzEmwmk7EyMtSpdqY3LULexqBoHXwTv0qTxlJx8cjqdn5lP5_Z856gvigkb6IEHxR11XhtwyevosyHyPA0Jplhos1YxFf77NmpnMjXmB6NjMls-UnVUFqDo6GMiF9nxQEzUfxO6_DNIche8sveZ3RN3R9go3w_NvS9ulf6BuH0ybow_FOvTJdPMXsllL9GIcL7LKpe0zioX3zLlSxKRNMs5BvWyUI0bxoJ3Mkp0W3n1dfm9ZDlGsH_BW2zzCn79-MmXbshylMxK-0iczY4_f5zX44EKdWfRE9cFEKxMDHQFfNI2xegUlqhoorXaFNOYpHMDrfUOWmMKYpUm2ZhayJ1D2WNx0K_68lTIqMD5XFKXNWKSDClNGwO6ycoAVt5V4vVGyeFi4M0IA0OyCtQVgbuiEh9I_9sniOuaC9ACwmgB4V8WUInDTe-FcQBeBYVO100IPd4snirfWMIvlXi1FePIou2S2JfVNVVhXetoClKJJ4MtbBuqNQNprNztWcnel-xL-uWC2buJcrD1-N63bE9_0U44ns8U3z37H3p6Lu4oWizgWJxDcbC-vC4vEFGt00sePL8BsmAjgw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELagSIgL4t0tBRnBCWnVXT9iby8VoEYRUnuiUm4rP0kk2G2T9EBP_AR-I7-EGa-TNqLqJVp5Vo4fM55vx-PPhHyoo_VKGFOy4EIplI9lYwIrwfhM1MrWlcbDySeno8mZ-DqV0xxwW-a0yvWamBZq3zuMkR8wWEVVjXDg6PyixFujcHc1X6FxnzyoGbhy0Gc1VdcxFgAHkokNKyk7CLPI8AJkpBi54YcSXf9tGPP_VMmbEDb5oPET8jiDR_ppmO2n5F7onpGHJ3l7_DlZnc4T2eySzjsK3YKv3jTwFKOtdPbL46lJpJNO8pSJughY45q34JAaCs7L9z_nV8HTnMf-Ax6hzX38-_tP-nHDWUeauGlfkLPx8bcvkzJfq1A6Cf64DBEgSy2iC1FbLq0xikEJM8JIyUUQlbDcV7GRWsVGiACIpbLS2CZ6p0D2kux0fRd2CTUsKu2DdZ4DMvHR2lElIq88ExEqdwV5vx7k9nxgz2gHnmTW4lS0aSoK8hnHf_MGMl6ngn7xvc0G1DrNRVRWc6O9QBJFHm0cQaH00HQbCrK_nr02m-GyvVaa28UjpiuJKKYg7zZisC_cNDFd6C-xCqkahR8iBXk16MKmoZwnOA2Vqy0t2erJtqSbzxKHNxIPNhr-92PSpztGpz2ejFl62ru7i6_JI4bBgJRrs092VovL8AYQ08q-TWbxD1d5Gr0
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Wiley Open Access
  dbid: 24P
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZKkRAXxJtAQUZwQoqa9SN2EBdAXa2QWnGgUm-RHdvsSiVBu9tDe-In8Bv5JcxMsllWVEhcIsvjOLbHk_n8-szY60nywSjnchGbmCsTUl65KHIwPpes8ZPC4uHk45Nydqo-nemzPfZucxam54cYJ9zQMuh_jQbu_OpwSxoa50ngXcamvMFuAq4p8f4CoT5vZ1gAGmi61VYUWucaXOHITyoOt6_veCQi7r8Obf69afJPMEveaHqX3RlgJH_f6_0e24vtfXbreFgof8DWJwuinV3xRcuhZjD-JRVwnHfl88uA5yeRWJrktCd1GTHHDYPBW-44uLHQfVtcxcCHHe3nEIQyd-nXj5_0aPpTj5xYah-y0-nRl4-zfLhgIW80eOY8JgAvE5WamKyX2jtnBMQIp5zWUkVVKC9DkSptTaqUioBdCq-dr1JoDMgesf22a-MTxp1IxobomyABo4TkfVmoJIsgVILMm4y92jRy_b3n0ah7xmRRoypqUkXGPmD7jymQ-5oiuuXXejClurFSJeOtdDYopFOUyacSInWAovuYsYON9urBIFe1ACdsJogmrxeXwhYa8UzGXo5isDRcPnFt7C4wC20qg0OSjD3u-8JYUCkJWEPmZqeX7NRkV9Iu5sTmjRSElYXvvqH-9I_WqY9mU0Ghp_-T-Bm7LXCSgPbgHLD99fIiPgcktfYvyGB-A5YRHSo
  priority: 102
  providerName: Wiley-Blackwell
Title Nitrates in combination with hydralazine in cardiorenal syndrome: a randomized controlled proof‐of‐concept study
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fehf2.13076
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150715
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2471715105
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2628050224
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2457970882
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7754984
https://doaj.org/article/c834f7b83a8d443793fbf68345d32abe
Volume 7
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NitswEB42Wyi9lP7X7TaotKeCN45-Irm37pIQCgmhdCE3I1lSE9jYSzZ7aE99hD5jn6Qj2Q4buvTQixEaI8uaEfNJmvkE8H7ojZVc65S60qVcWp_m2tEUJ5_2SpphpkJy8mw-ml7wz0uxPALR5cLEoP3SrE-ry81ptV7F2MqrTTno4sQGi9l5YG3LFR_0oIfu99YSvU0NRp_E91SkdOBWnoZbj2W4r4ixCIHEgR-KdP13Ycy_QyVvQ9jogyaP4GELHsmnppOP4chVT-D-rD0efwq7-TqSzV6TdUXQlHDVGweehN1WsvpuQ9ZkoJOO8hiJunWhxY634CPRBJ2XrTfrH86SNo79EovY59r__vkrPsom15FEbtpncDEZfz2fpu21Cmkp0B-nziNkGXJfOq8ME0ZrSbGGaq6FYNzxjBtmM58LJX3OuUPEkhmhTe5tKVH2HI6runIvgWjqpbLOlJYhMrHemFHGPcss5R4bLxN41w1ycdWwZxQNTzItglaKqJUEzsL4798IjNexot5-K1q9F6Vi3EujmFaWBxJF5o0fYaWw2HXjEjjptFe00_C6oOh6UdeIIe8Wj6jKREAxCbzdi3F-hUMTXbn6JjQhZC7DQiSBF40t7Dva2VIC8sBKDv7kUIImHTm8WxNO4EO0p3-MTjGeTmgsvfrvz7yGBzTsE8QwnBM43m1v3BsEUzvThx7lC3zKpezDvbPxfPGlHzcm-nFa_QG84ygr
link.rule.ids 230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,11562,12056,21388,27924,27925,31719,31720,33744,33745,43310,43805,46052,46476,50814,50923,53791,53793,73745,74302
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELYglYAL4lkWChjBCWnVjR_xLhdEUaIATYRQK_Vm2WubRILdkqQHOPET-I38Ema8TtqIqpfVyrPy-jFjfx6PPxPyqh-sU8KYnPna50K5kFfGsxyMz4RS2X5R4uHkyXQwPhYfT-RJcrgtU1jlekyMA7Vra_SR7zMYRVUf4cDb0x853hqFu6vpCo3rZAeZ02WP7BwMp5-_nHtZAB5IJja8pGzfzwLDK5CRZOTCTBQJ-y9Dmf8HS14EsXEWGt0htxN8pO-6_r5LrvnmHrkxSRvk98lqOo90s0s6byhUDNa9sekp-lvp7KfDc5NIKB3lMRZ14THHNXPBG2ooTF-u_T7_5R1Nkezf4BXK3Ia_v__ER92ddqSRnfYBOR4Nj96P83SxQl5LmJFzHwC09EWofSgtl9YYxSCFGWGk5MKLQljuilDJUoVKCA-YpbDS2Cq4WoHsIek1beMfEWpYUKXztnYcsIkL1g4KEXjhmAiQeZ2Rl-tG1qcdf4bumJKZxq7QsSsycoDtv_kCOa9jQrv4qpMJ6brkIihbclM6gTSKPNgwgETpoOjWZ2Rv3Xs6GeJSn6vN5eIBA7VBHJORFxsxWBhum5jGt2eYhVSVwqVIRnY7XdgUlPMIqCFztaUlWzXZljTzWWTxRurBqoT_vo76dEXr6OF4xOLb46ur-JzcHB9NDvXhh-mnJ-QWQ9dAjLzZI73V4sw_Bfy0ss-SkfwDiVYfEw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3NbhMxELYglSouiP8uFDCCE9IqG68de7kgConCT6MKUak3y17bJBLsliQ9wIlH4Bl5Ema8TtqIqpfVyrPy2h6P57M9_kzIi0GwTnJjcuZrn3PpQl4Zz3IwPhOUtINC4eHkw-lwcsw_nIiTFP-0TGGV6zExDtSurXGNvM9gFJUDhAP9kMIijt6NX5_-yPEGKdxpTddpXCc74BUL1iM7B6Pp0efzFReACoLxDUcp6_tZYHgdMhKOXPBKkbz_MsT5f-DkRUAbPdL4FrmZoCR90-n-Nrnmmztk9zBtlt8lq-k8Us8u6byhUEmYA0c1UFx7pbOfDs9QIrl0lMe41IXHHNcsBq-ooeDKXPt9_ss7mqLav8ErlLkNf3__iY-6O_lII1PtPXI8Hn15O8nTJQt5LcA75z4AgBnwUPugbCmsMZJBCjPcCFFyzwtuS1eESigZKs494JfCCmOr4GoJsvuk17SN3yPUsCCV87Z2JeAUF6wdFjyUhWM8QOZ1Rp6vG1mfdlwaumNNZhpVoaMqMnKA7b_5AvmvY0K7-KqTOelalTxIq0qjHEdKxTLYMIRE4aDo1mdkf609nYxyqc-70OXiIVOFQEyTkWcbMVgbbqGYxrdnmIWQlcRpSUYedH1hU9CyjOAaMpdbvWSrJtuSZj6LjN5IQ1gp-O_L2J-uaB09moxZfHt4dRWfkl2wD_3p_fTjI3KD4SpBDMLZJ73V4sw_Bii1sk-SjfwDs8UjQA
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nitrates+in+combination+with+hydralazine+in+cardiorenal+syndrome%3A+a+randomized+controlled+proof%E2%80%90of%E2%80%90concept+study&rft.jtitle=ESC+Heart+Failure&rft.au=Lim%2C+Shir+Lynn&rft.au=Gandhi%2C+Mihir&rft.au=Woo%2C+Kai+Lee&rft.au=Chua%2C+Horng+Ruey&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.issn=2055-5822&rft.eissn=2055-5822&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4267&rft.epage=4276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fehf2.13076&rft.externalDBID=10.1002%252Fehf2.13076&rft.externalDocID=EHF213076
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2055-5822&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2055-5822&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2055-5822&client=summon