Simultaneous Chain-Growth and Step-Growth Polymerization of Methoxystyrenes by Rare-Earth Catalysts

The simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system becaus...

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Published inAngewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 55; no. 47; pp. 14812 - 14817
Main Authors Shi, Xiaochao, Nishiura, Masayoshi, Hou, Zhaomin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published WEINHEIM Blackwell Publishing Ltd 14.11.2016
Wiley
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EditionInternational ed. in English
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Abstract The simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain‐growth polymerization and step‐growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half‐sandwich rare‐earth alkyl complexes, and the step‐growth polymerization proceeds by the C−H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole‐ethylene sequences. In contrast to para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes, ortho‐methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain‐growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho‐methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, Mn up to 280 kg mol−1, Mw/Mn <1.10). Growth spurt: Both continuous C=C bond insertion and C−H addition of anisole units to vinyl groups took place in the polymerization of para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes when catalyzed by a half‐sandwich rare‐earth catalyst, thus affording novel macromolecules containing multiple branches of alternating anisole‐ethylene sequences. In contrast, the polymerization of ortho‐methoxystyrene occurred exclusively through continuous C=C insertion without involving C−H activation.
AbstractList The simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain‐growth polymerization and step‐growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half‐sandwich rare‐earth alkyl complexes, and the step‐growth polymerization proceeds by the C−H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole‐ethylene sequences. In contrast to para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes, ortho‐methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain‐growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho‐methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, Mn up to 280 kg mol−1, Mw/Mn <1.10). Growth spurt: Both continuous C=C bond insertion and C−H addition of anisole units to vinyl groups took place in the polymerization of para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes when catalyzed by a half‐sandwich rare‐earth catalyst, thus affording novel macromolecules containing multiple branches of alternating anisole‐ethylene sequences. In contrast, the polymerization of ortho‐methoxystyrene occurred exclusively through continuous C=C insertion without involving C−H activation.
The simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain‐growth polymerization and step‐growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half‐sandwich rare‐earth alkyl complexes, and the step‐growth polymerization proceeds by the C−H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole‐ethylene sequences. In contrast to para‐ and meta‐methoxystyrenes, ortho‐methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain‐growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho‐methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, M n up to 280 kg mol −1 , M w /M n <1.10).
The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of para- and meta-methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half-sandwich rare-earth alkyl complexes, and the step-growth polymerization proceeds by the C-H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole-ethylene sequences. In contrast to para- and meta-methoxystyrenes, ortho-methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain-growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho-methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, Mn up to 280 kg mol-1 , Mw /Mn <1.10).The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of para- and meta-methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half-sandwich rare-earth alkyl complexes, and the step-growth polymerization proceeds by the C-H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole-ethylene sequences. In contrast to para- and meta-methoxystyrenes, ortho-methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain-growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho-methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, Mn up to 280 kg mol-1 , Mw /Mn <1.10).
The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of para-and meta-methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half-sandwich rare-earth alkyl complexes, and the step-growth polymerization proceeds by the C-H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole-ethylene sequences. In contrast to para-and meta-methoxystyrenes, ortho-methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain-growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho-methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr > 99%, M-n up to 280 kgmol(-1), M-w/M-n < 1.10).
The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of para- and meta-methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half-sandwich rare-earth alkyl complexes, and the step-growth polymerization proceeds by the C-H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole-ethylene sequences. In contrast to para- and meta-methoxystyrenes, ortho-methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain-growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho-methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99%, Mn up to 280kgmol-1, Mw/Mn <1.10).
The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules which are difficult to prepare by other means. However, such a transformation is usually difficult to achieve in one polymerization system because chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization proceed by different reaction mechanisms. Reported here is the simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of para- and meta-methoxystyrenes catalyzed by half-sandwich rare-earth alkyl complexes, and the step-growth polymerization proceeds by the C-H polyaddition of anisyl units to vinyl groups. This unprecedented transformation affords a new family of macromolecules containing unique alternating anisole-ethylene sequences. In contrast to para- and meta-methoxystyrenes, ortho-methoxystyrene exclusively undergo syndiospecific, living chain-growth polymerization by continuous C=C bond insertion to give perfect syndiotactic poly(ortho-methoxystyrene) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (rrrr >99 %, M up to 280 kg mol , M /M <1.10).
Author Nishiura, Masayoshi
Hou, Zhaomin
Shi, Xiaochao
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Shi
  fullname: Shi, Xiaochao
  organization: Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
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  fullname: Nishiura, Masayoshi
  organization: Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
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  givenname: Zhaomin
  surname: Hou
  fullname: Hou, Zhaomin
  email: houz@riken.jp
  organization: Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27774727$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 47
Keywords polymerization
COORDINATION POLYMERIZATION
ISOPRENE
COMPLEXES
reaction mechanisms
LIVING CATIONIC-POLYMERIZATION
rare-earth metals
P-METHOXYSTYRENE
C-H activation
ETHYLENE
RADICAL POLYMERIZATION
COPOLYMERIZATION
INITIATORS
gadolinium
STYRENE-STYRENE SEQUENCES
C−H activation
Language English
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Snippet The simultaneous chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules...
The simultaneous chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a monomer is of great interest and importance because it can produce unique macromolecules...
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SubjectTerms Addition polymerization
Anisole
Catalysts
Chains (polymeric)
Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Condensation polymerization
C−H activation
Earth
Ethylene
gadolinium
Insertion
Macromolecules
Molecular weight
Physical Sciences
Polydispersity
Polymerization
Rare earth elements
rare-earth metals
Reaction mechanisms
Science & Technology
Syndiotacticity
Title Simultaneous Chain-Growth and Step-Growth Polymerization of Methoxystyrenes by Rare-Earth Catalysts
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