Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area
Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at incre...
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| Published in | Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle Vol. 11; no. 2; pp. 405 - 414 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.04.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background
Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5.
Methods
In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression.
Results
Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles.
Conclusions
We provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. Results Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles. Conclusions We provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. BACKGROUNDSarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross-sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3-4 and L4-5. METHODSIn this cross-sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1-16 years who required abdominal cross-sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3-4 and L4-5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2 ) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age-specific and sex-specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. RESULTSComputed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4-5 were significantly larger than at L3-4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3-4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4-5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3-4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4-5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3-4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4-5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3-4 r = 0.90; L4-5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3-4 r = 0.87; L4-5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age-specific and sex-specific z-scores and percentiles. CONCLUSIONSWe provide novel paediatric age-specific and sex-specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3-4 and L4-5 levels for children between the ages of 1-16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc-apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross-sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3-4 and L4-5. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1-16 years who required abdominal cross-sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3-4 and L4-5 were measured in square millimetres (mm ) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age-specific and sex-specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4-5 were significantly larger than at L3-4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm at L3-4 and from 447 to 2704 mm for L4-5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm at L3-4 and from 498 to 3513 mm at L4-5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3-4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4-5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3-4 r = 0.90; L4-5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3-4 r = 0.87; L4-5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age-specific and sex-specific z-scores and percentiles. We provide novel paediatric age-specific and sex-specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3-4 and L4-5 levels for children between the ages of 1-16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc-apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. Results Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles. Conclusions We provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. Abstract Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm 2 ) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. Results Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls ( r = 0.95) and boys ( r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm 2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm 2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm 2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm 2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles. Conclusions We provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool ( https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/ ), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions. |
| Author | Ng, Vicky L. Perez, Manuela Chavhan, Govind B. Jüni, Peter Patel, Hiten Lebovic, Gerald Ricciuto, Amanda Wales, Paul W. Quammie, Claudia Woolfson, Jessica P. Lurz, Eberhard Kamath, Binita M. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Radiology Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK 7 Department of Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada 2 Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada 4 Department of Diagnostic Imaging The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada 6 Applied Health Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU Munich Germany 8 Department of Medicine Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Applied Health Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 4 Department of Diagnostic Imaging The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 8 Department of Medicine Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 7 Department of Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 3 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU Munich Germany – name: 2 Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada – name: 5 Department of Radiology Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eberhard surname: Lurz fullname: Lurz, Eberhard organization: von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU – sequence: 2 givenname: Hiten surname: Patel fullname: Patel, Hiten organization: Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust – sequence: 3 givenname: Gerald surname: Lebovic fullname: Lebovic, Gerald organization: Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: Claudia surname: Quammie fullname: Quammie, Claudia organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 5 givenname: Jessica P. surname: Woolfson fullname: Woolfson, Jessica P. organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 6 givenname: Manuela surname: Perez fullname: Perez, Manuela organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 7 givenname: Amanda surname: Ricciuto fullname: Ricciuto, Amanda organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 8 givenname: Paul W. surname: Wales fullname: Wales, Paul W. organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 9 givenname: Binita M. surname: Kamath fullname: Kamath, Binita M. organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 10 givenname: Govind B. surname: Chavhan fullname: Chavhan, Govind B. organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto – sequence: 11 givenname: Peter surname: Jüni fullname: Jüni, Peter organization: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto – sequence: 12 givenname: Vicky L. orcidid: 0000-0002-9998-5692 surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Vicky L. email: vicky.ng@sickkids.ca organization: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31920002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders – notice: 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. – notice: 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| DOI | 10.1002/jcsm.12514 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area |
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| Keywords | Sarcopenia Chronic Disease Children |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Peter Jüni and Vicky L. Ng contributed equally to this article. |
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| References | 2017; 5 2017; 8 2017; 4 2013; 22 2016; 32 2016; 31 2019; 19 2016; 188 2014; 29 2003; 51 2014; 60 2016; 35 2014; 20 2018; 7 2013; 19 2017; 31 2018; 8 2015; 137 2019; 20 2013; 13 2017; 38 2013; 95 2019; 25 2019; 237 2014; 9 2001; 56 2004; 80 1994; 75 2019; 8 2015; 15 2019; 70 2017; 26 2019; 74 2018; 107 2017; 65 2019; 37 2008; 14 2019; 38 2011; 30 2013; 93 2015; 205 2018; 66 2016; 16 2016; 11 1997; 127 2017; 52 2004; 97 2015; 27 2012; 112 2018; 194 2019; 44 2010; 211 2017; 12 2015; 21 2016; 65 2018 2020; 25 2016 2015 2014 2017; 220 2018; 56 2018; 12 2018; 10 2016; 26 2014; 384 34120403 - Pediatr Transplant. 2021 Aug;25(5):e14038 e_1_2_8_28_1 e_1_2_8_24_1 e_1_2_8_47_1 e_1_2_8_26_1 e_1_2_8_49_1 e_1_2_8_68_1 e_1_2_8_3_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_9_1 e_1_2_8_20_1 e_1_2_8_43_1 e_1_2_8_66_1 e_1_2_8_22_1 e_1_2_8_45_1 e_1_2_8_64_1 e_1_2_8_62_1 e_1_2_8_41_1 e_1_2_8_60_1 e_1_2_8_19_1 e_1_2_8_13_1 e_1_2_8_36_1 e_1_2_8_59_1 e_1_2_8_15_1 e_1_2_8_38_1 e_1_2_8_57_1 Golse N (e_1_2_8_17_1) 2016 e_1_2_8_70_1 e_1_2_8_32_1 e_1_2_8_55_1 e_1_2_8_11_1 e_1_2_8_34_1 e_1_2_8_53_1 e_1_2_8_51_1 e_1_2_8_74_1 e_1_2_8_72_1 e_1_2_8_29_1 Team RC (e_1_2_8_30_1) 2014 e_1_2_8_25_1 e_1_2_8_46_1 e_1_2_8_27_1 e_1_2_8_48_1 e_1_2_8_69_1 e_1_2_8_2_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 e_1_2_8_8_1 e_1_2_8_21_1 e_1_2_8_42_1 e_1_2_8_67_1 e_1_2_8_23_1 e_1_2_8_44_1 e_1_2_8_65_1 e_1_2_8_63_1 e_1_2_8_40_1 e_1_2_8_61_1 e_1_2_8_18_1 e_1_2_8_39_1 e_1_2_8_14_1 e_1_2_8_35_1 e_1_2_8_16_1 e_1_2_8_37_1 e_1_2_8_58_1 e_1_2_8_10_1 e_1_2_8_31_1 e_1_2_8_56_1 e_1_2_8_12_1 e_1_2_8_33_1 e_1_2_8_54_1 e_1_2_8_52_1 e_1_2_8_73_1 e_1_2_8_50_1 e_1_2_8_71_1 |
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Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is... Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often... Abstract Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults,... BackgroundSarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is... BACKGROUNDSarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is... Abstract Background Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Abdomen Adolescent Age Child Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Chronic Disease Chronic illnesses Communications systems Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Disease control Emergency medical care Female Humans Infant Male Original Patients Psoas Muscles - physiopathology Reference Values Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - diagnosis Studies Vertebrae |
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| Title | Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area |
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