The Reversible Modification Regulates the Membrane-Binding State of Apg8/Aut7 Essential for Autophagy and the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway
Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. We show here that...
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Published in | The Journal of cell biology Vol. 151; no. 2; pp. 263 - 275 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Rockefeller University Press
16.10.2000
The Rockefeller University Press |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. We show here that the nature of the association of Apg8 with membranes changes depending on a series of modifications of the protein itself. First, the carboxy-terminal Arg residue of newly synthesized Apg8 is removed by Apg4/Aut2, a novel cysteine protease, and a Gly residue becomes the carboxy-terminal residue of the protein that is now designated Apg8FG. Subsequently, Apg8FG forms a conjugate with an unidentified molecule "X" and thereby binds tightly to membranes. This modification requires the carboxy-terminal Gly residue of Apg8FG and Apg7, a ubiquitin E1-like enzyme. Finally, the adduct Apg8FG-X is reversed to soluble or loosely membrane-bound Apg8FG by cleavage by Apg4. The mode of action of Apg4, which cleaves both newly synthesized Apg8 and modified Apg8FG, resembles that of deubiquitinating enzymes. A reaction similar to ubiquitination is probably involved in the second modification. The reversible modification of Apg8 appears to be coupled to the membrane dynamics of autophagy and the Cvt pathway. |
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AbstractList | Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. We show here that the nature of the association of Apg8 with membranes changes depending on a series of modifications of the protein itself. First, the carboxy-terminal Arg residue of newly synthesized Apg8 is removed by Apg4/Aut2, a novel cysteine protease, and a Gly residue becomes the carboxy-terminal residue of the protein that is now designated Apg8FG. Subsequently, Apg8FG forms a conjugate with an unidentified molecule "X" and thereby binds tightly to membranes. This modification requires the carboxy-terminal Gly residue of Apg8FG and Apg7, a ubiquitin E1-like enzyme. Finally, the adduct Apg8FG-X is reversed to soluble or loosely membrane-bound Apg8FG by cleavage by Apg4. The mode of action of Apg4, which cleaves both newly synthesized Apg8 and modified Apg8FG, resembles that of deubiquitinating enzymes. A reaction similar to ubiquitination is probably involved in the second modification. The reversible modification of Apg8 appears to be coupled to the membrane dynamics of autophagy and the Cvt pathway.Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. We show here that the nature of the association of Apg8 with membranes changes depending on a series of modifications of the protein itself. First, the carboxy-terminal Arg residue of newly synthesized Apg8 is removed by Apg4/Aut2, a novel cysteine protease, and a Gly residue becomes the carboxy-terminal residue of the protein that is now designated Apg8FG. Subsequently, Apg8FG forms a conjugate with an unidentified molecule "X" and thereby binds tightly to membranes. This modification requires the carboxy-terminal Gly residue of Apg8FG and Apg7, a ubiquitin E1-like enzyme. Finally, the adduct Apg8FG-X is reversed to soluble or loosely membrane-bound Apg8FG by cleavage by Apg4. The mode of action of Apg4, which cleaves both newly synthesized Apg8 and modified Apg8FG, resembles that of deubiquitinating enzymes. A reaction similar to ubiquitination is probably involved in the second modification. The reversible modification of Apg8 appears to be coupled to the membrane dynamics of autophagy and the Cvt pathway. Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. We show here that the nature of the association of Apg8 with membranes changes depending on a series of modifications of the protein itself. First, the carboxy-terminal Arg residue of newly synthesized Apg8 is removed by Apg4/Aut2, a novel cysteine protease, and a Gly residue becomes the carboxy-terminal residue of the protein that is now designated Apg8FG. Subsequently, Apg8FG forms a conjugate with an unidentified molecule “X” and thereby binds tightly to membranes. This modification requires the carboxy-terminal Gly residue of Apg8FG and Apg7, a ubiquitin E1-like enzyme. Finally, the adduct Apg8FG-X is reversed to soluble or loosely membrane-bound Apg8FG by cleavage by Apg4. The mode of action of Apg4, which cleaves both newly synthesized Apg8 and modified Apg8FG, resembles that of deubiquitinating enzymes. A reaction similar to ubiquitination is probably involved in the second modification. The reversible modification of Apg8 appears to be coupled to the membrane dynamics of autophagy and the Cvt pathway. Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the formation of such vesicles, tends to bind to membranes in spite of its hydrophilic nature. |
Author | Ohsumi, Yoshinori Noda, Takeshi Mizushima, Noboru Ohsumi, Mariko Okada, Hisashi Yoshimori, Tamotsu Takao, Toshifumi Ichimura, Yoshinobu Kabeya, Yukiko Kirisako, Takayoshi |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Takayoshi surname: Kirisako fullname: Kirisako, Takayoshi – sequence: 2 givenname: Yoshinobu surname: Ichimura fullname: Ichimura, Yoshinobu – sequence: 3 givenname: Hisashi surname: Okada fullname: Okada, Hisashi – sequence: 4 givenname: Yukiko surname: Kabeya fullname: Kabeya, Yukiko – sequence: 5 givenname: Noboru surname: Mizushima fullname: Mizushima, Noboru – sequence: 6 givenname: Tamotsu surname: Yoshimori fullname: Yoshimori, Tamotsu – sequence: 7 givenname: Mariko surname: Ohsumi fullname: Ohsumi, Mariko – sequence: 8 givenname: Toshifumi surname: Takao fullname: Takao, Toshifumi – sequence: 9 givenname: Takeshi surname: Noda fullname: Noda, Takeshi – sequence: 10 givenname: Yoshinori surname: Ohsumi fullname: Ohsumi, Yoshinori |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11038174$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CODEN | JCLBA3 |
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Snippet | Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which... |
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SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Anatomy & physiology Antibodies Autophagy Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family Autophagy-Related Proteins Biological Transport Catalytic Domain Cells Cysteine Endopeptidases - metabolism Cytoplasm Cytoplasm - metabolism Enzymes Immunoblotting Ligases - metabolism Membrane Proteins - metabolism Membranes Microtubule-Associated Proteins - metabolism Models, Biological Molecular Sequence Data Molecules Original Peroxisomes - metabolism Plasmids Protein Binding Protein Processing, Post-Translational Protein Sorting Signals Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Ubiquitins Ubiquitins - metabolism Vacuoles Vacuoles - metabolism Yeasts |
Title | The Reversible Modification Regulates the Membrane-Binding State of Apg8/Aut7 Essential for Autophagy and the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway |
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