Transcriptional profile of pyramidal neurons in chronic schizophrenia reveals lamina-specific dysfunction of neuronal immunity
While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRN...
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| Published in | Molecular psychiatry Vol. 26; no. 12; pp. 7699 - 7708 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.12.2021
Nature Publishing Group |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser-capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed overrepresented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse-related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, postsynaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. |
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| AbstractList | While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser-capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed overrepresented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse-related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, postsynaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed over-represented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, post-synaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser-capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed overrepresented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse-related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, postsynaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia.While the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been extensively investigated using homogenized postmortem brain samples, few studies have examined changes in brain samples with techniques that may attribute perturbations to specific cell types. To fill this gap, we performed microarray assays on mRNA isolated from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) superficial and deep pyramidal neurons from 12 schizophrenia and 12 control subjects using laser-capture microdissection. Among all the annotated genes, we identified 134 significantly increased and 130 decreased genes in superficial pyramidal neurons, while 93 significantly increased and 101 decreased genes were found in deep pyramidal neurons, in schizophrenia compared to control subjects. In these differentially expressed genes, we detected lamina-specific changes of 55 and 31 genes in superficial and deep neurons in schizophrenia, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire pre-ranked differential expression gene lists to gain a complete pathway analysis throughout all annotated genes. Our analysis revealed overrepresented groups of gene sets in schizophrenia, particularly in immunity and synapse-related pathways, suggesting the disruption of these pathways plays an important role in schizophrenia. We also detected other pathways previously demonstrated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, including cytokine and chemotaxis, postsynaptic signaling, and glutamatergic synapses. In addition, we observed several novel pathways, including ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process. Considering the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression, we applied a novel bioinformatics approach to compare our differential expression gene profiles with 51 antipsychotic treatment datasets, demonstrating that our results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment. Taken together, we found pyramidal neuron-specific changes in neuronal immunity, synaptic dysfunction, and olfactory dysregulation in schizophrenia, providing new insights for the cell-subtype specific pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Alganem, Khaled Meller, Jarek Depasquale, Erica Hahn, Margaret K. Devine, Emily A. Reigle, James Shukla, Rammohan Meador-Woodruff, James Simmons, Micah Asgariroozbehani, Roshanak Au-Yeung, Christy Hahn, Chang-Gyu Wu, Xiaojun Zhang, Xiaolu Haroutunian, Vahram McCullumsmith, Robert E. Eby, Hunter M. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA 4 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8 1 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA 6 Department of Psychiatry, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA 7 Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA 8 James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA 9 Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA 5 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Department of Psychiatry, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA – name: 1 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA – name: 5 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8 – name: 9 Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA – name: 2 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA – name: 4 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1R8 – name: 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA – name: 8 James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA – name: 7 Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiaojun surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Xiaojun organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Rammohan orcidid: 0000-0001-5776-2506 surname: Shukla fullname: Shukla, Rammohan organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: Khaled surname: Alganem fullname: Alganem, Khaled organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiaolu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaolu organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 5 givenname: Hunter M. surname: Eby fullname: Eby, Hunter M. organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: Emily A. surname: Devine fullname: Devine, Emily A. organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine – sequence: 7 givenname: Erica surname: Depasquale fullname: Depasquale, Erica organization: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center – sequence: 8 givenname: James surname: Reigle fullname: Reigle, James organization: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center – sequence: 9 givenname: Micah surname: Simmons fullname: Simmons, Micah organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine – sequence: 10 givenname: Margaret K. surname: Hahn fullname: Hahn, Margaret K. organization: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto – sequence: 11 givenname: Christy surname: Au-Yeung fullname: Au-Yeung, Christy organization: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health – sequence: 12 givenname: Roshanak surname: Asgariroozbehani fullname: Asgariroozbehani, Roshanak organization: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto – sequence: 13 givenname: Chang-Gyu surname: Hahn fullname: Hahn, Chang-Gyu organization: Department of Psychiatry, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University Hospitals – sequence: 14 givenname: Vahram orcidid: 0000-0001-5860-2512 surname: Haroutunian fullname: Haroutunian, Vahram organization: Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) – sequence: 15 givenname: Jarek orcidid: 0000-0002-1162-8253 surname: Meller fullname: Meller, Jarek organization: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center – sequence: 16 givenname: James surname: Meador-Woodruff fullname: Meador-Woodruff, James organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine – sequence: 17 givenname: Robert E. surname: McCullumsmith fullname: McCullumsmith, Robert E. email: Robert.mccullumsmith@utoledo.edu organization: Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34272489$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Transcriptional profile of pyramidal neurons in chronic schizophrenia reveals lamina-specific dysfunction of neuronal immunity |
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