Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, in combination with tamoxifen exerts synergistic effect in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells via hTERT inhibition

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 1844
• Main Authors: Fahim, Sally A., ElZohairy, Yehia A., Moustafa, Rehab I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 22.01.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/337/572; 631/67/1347; Amides - pharmacology; Antitumor activity; Antiviral Agents; Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Cell cycle; Cell migration; Cell proliferation; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Enzymes; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; multidisciplinary; Neoplasms; Pyrazines; RNA polymerase; RNA viruses; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Synergistic effect; Tamoxifen; Tamoxifen - pharmacology; Telomerase reverse transcriptase
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51977-w

Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most successful treatments for breast cancer; however, TAM resistance continues to be a significant barrier. TAM resistance has been reported to be associated with increased expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). This enzyme shares structural similarity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme of RNA viruses, suggesting that RdRp inhibitors may also inhibit hTERT. Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that inhibits RdRp of RNA viruses. Thus, we propose that FAV may also elicit an antitumor effect by suppressing hTERT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FAV and TAM on TAM-resistant breast cancer (TAMR-1). The cell viabilities were determined. The levels of CDK1/ hTERT, in addition to regulators of hTERT-targeted signaling pathways were measured. Apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle distribution were also determined. Our data revealed that the combination of TAM and FAV suppressed cell proliferation synergistically (CI < 1) and resulted in a significant change in cell migration and apoptosis. Indeed, this was associated with reduced levels of hTERT and CDK1 and shift in the cell cycle distribution. Our findings suggest that the TAM/FAV combination exhibits synergistic effects against TAMR-1 human breast cancer cells by targeting hTERT.