Interferon Response Factors 3 and 7 Protect against Chikungunya Virus Hemorrhagic Fever and Shock

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Published inJournal of Virology Vol. 86; no. 18; pp. 9888 - 9898
Main Authors RUDD, Penny A, WILSON, Jane, AKIRA, Shizuo, KHROMYKH, Alexander A, SUHRBIER, Andreas, GARDNER, Joy, LARCHER, Thibaut, BABARIT, Candice, LE, Thuy T, ANRAKU, Itaru, KUMAGAI, Yutaro, LOO, Yueh-Ming, GALE, Michael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.09.2012
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Abstract Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue JVI About JVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0022-538X Online ISSN: 1098-5514 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to JVI .asm.org, visit: JVI       
AbstractList Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections can produce severe disease and mortality. Here we show that CHIKV infection of adult mice deficient in interferon response factors 3 and 7 (IRF3/7(-/-)) is lethal. Mortality was associated with undetectable levels of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) in serum, similar to 50- and similar to 10-fold increases in levels of IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), respectively, increased virus replication, edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, fever followed by hypothermia, oliguria, thrombocytopenia, and raised hematocrits. These features are consistent with hemorrhagic shock and were also evident in infected IFN-alpha/beta receptor-deficient mice. In situ hybridization suggested CHIKV infection of endothelium, fibroblasts, skeletal muscle, mononuclear cells, chondrocytes, and keratinocytes in IRF3/7(-/-) mice; all but the latter two stained positive in wild-type mice. Vaccination protected IRF3/7(-/-) mice, suggesting that defective antibody responses were not responsible for mortality. IPS-1- and TRIF-dependent pathways were primarily responsible for IFN-alpha/beta induction, with IRF7 being upregulated > 100-fold in infected wild-type mice. These studies suggest that inadequate IFN-alpha/beta responses following virus infection can be sufficient to induce hemorrhagic fever and shock, a finding with implications for understanding severe CHIKV disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections can produce severe disease and mortality. Here we show that CHIKV infection of adult mice deficient in interferon response factors 3 and 7 (IRF3/7 −/− ) is lethal. Mortality was associated with undetectable levels of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) in serum, ∼50- and ∼10-fold increases in levels of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), respectively, increased virus replication, edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, fever followed by hypothermia, oliguria, thrombocytopenia, and raised hematocrits. These features are consistent with hemorrhagic shock and were also evident in infected IFN-α/β receptor-deficient mice. In situ hybridization suggested CHIKV infection of endothelium, fibroblasts, skeletal muscle, mononuclear cells, chondrocytes, and keratinocytes in IRF3/7 −/− mice; all but the latter two stained positive in wild-type mice. Vaccination protected IRF3/7 −/− mice, suggesting that defective antibody responses were not responsible for mortality. IPS-1- and TRIF-dependent pathways were primarily responsible for IFN-α/β induction, with IRF7 being upregulated >100-fold in infected wild-type mice. These studies suggest that inadequate IFN-α/β responses following virus infection can be sufficient to induce hemorrhagic fever and shock, a finding with implications for understanding severe CHIKV disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections can produce severe disease and mortality. Here we show that CHIKV infection of adult mice deficient in interferon response factors 3 and 7 (IRF3/7(-/-)) is lethal. Mortality was associated with undetectable levels of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) in serum, ∼50- and ∼10-fold increases in levels of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), respectively, increased virus replication, edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, fever followed by hypothermia, oliguria, thrombocytopenia, and raised hematocrits. These features are consistent with hemorrhagic shock and were also evident in infected IFN-α/β receptor-deficient mice. In situ hybridization suggested CHIKV infection of endothelium, fibroblasts, skeletal muscle, mononuclear cells, chondrocytes, and keratinocytes in IRF3/7(-/-) mice; all but the latter two stained positive in wild-type mice. Vaccination protected IRF3/7(-/-) mice, suggesting that defective antibody responses were not responsible for mortality. IPS-1- and TRIF-dependent pathways were primarily responsible for IFN-α/β induction, with IRF7 being upregulated >100-fold in infected wild-type mice. These studies suggest that inadequate IFN-α/β responses following virus infection can be sufficient to induce hemorrhagic fever and shock, a finding with implications for understanding severe CHIKV disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
Author Yueh-Ming Loo
Candice Babarit
Joy Gardner
Thuy T. Le
Yutaro Kumagai
Penny A. Rudd
Thibaut Larcher
Michael Gale Jr
Jane Wilson
Shizuo Akira
Alexander A. Khromykh
Itaru Anraku
Andreas Suhrbier
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Issue 18
Keywords Infection
Virus
Hemorrhagic fever
Viral disease
Arbovirus disease
Chikungunya virus
Togaviridae
Alphavirus
Interferon
Language English
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Snippet Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley...
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections can produce severe disease and mortality. Here we show that CHIKV infection of adult mice deficient in interferon response...
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StartPage 9888
SubjectTerms Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - deficiency
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - genetics
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport - physiology
Alphavirus Infections - immunology
Alphavirus Infections - pathology
Alphavirus Infections - prevention & control
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya virus - immunology
Chikungunya virus - pathogenicity
Chikungunya virus - physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - deficiency
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - genetics
Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 - physiology
Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 - deficiency
Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 - genetics
Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 - physiology
Interferon-alpha - biosynthesis
Interferon-alpha - pharmacology
Interferon-beta - biosynthesis
Life Sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - deficiency
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - genetics
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - physiology
Pathogenesis and Immunity
Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta - deficiency
Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta - genetics
Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta - physiology
Santé publique et épidémiologie
Shock, Hemorrhagic - immunology
Shock, Hemorrhagic - prevention & control
Virology
Virus Replication - drug effects
Title Interferon Response Factors 3 and 7 Protect against Chikungunya Virus Hemorrhagic Fever and Shock
URI http://jvi.asm.org/content/86/18/9888.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761364
https://hal.science/hal-01191139
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3446587
Volume 86
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